The English-Russian World

-
www.erw.uln.ru

All things are difficult before they are easy.

THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN NEWSPAPER

. 6

12 .

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

Practice makes perfect.

5(18)

Madonna: 'My priority is family' A Missile That Would Make Lenin Faint
,
: " - "

Anti-corruption task force clears Russia

. 3

""

. 5

Russia Quits Arms Pact

Police consider lie detector tests

. 5

. 4

How to hail a cab with a mobile phone

. 4

Russia Gets Access to Microsoft

Windows Source Code

Windows Microsoft

German electronics legend goes bust

. 5

JAPAN

Empty playgrounds

There may be something eerie about

Tokyo's many empty school
playgrounds, but the reasons for them
are perfectly clear. It is the result of the
migration of young families to
neighbouring prefectures; such as
Chiba and Saitama; and Japan's
plunging birth rate.
Japan's birth rate has been in
obstinate decline since the end of the
World War II. Last year, the average
number of children born to a woman
fell to a record low of 1.31; a far cry
from the two-children average in the
run-up to the 1970s. Why the drop? It
seems that more young Japanese are
delaying marriage, and that many,
especially women, opt to stay with
their parents well into their 20s.
Furthermore, it is still taboo to have a
child out of wedlock; only about 1% of
children are born to unmarried mothers
(compared with 38% in Britain).
Reducing the financial burden of
educating children might help, or so
hopes the Ministry of Health, Labour
and Welfare, which has proposed
offering student loans, funded by
pension reserves, from 2004. If
educating junior were a less daunting
prospect, those playgrounds might
start filling up.
TOKYO BRIEFING
Economist.com, October 2002

-

,
[]. ,
,
.
.
,
,
(1,31 ); [ ] []
, . [ ] ? ,
, , ,

. ,
[] , ;
1%
( 38% ).
, [ ] ,
[- ],
,
, []
, [] , 2004 .

, , , [].

1. eerie - , , .
2. far cry from the two-children average in the run-up to the 1970s - (.)
70- ; far cry (.) -
; ; (.) ; run-up - .
In the newspaper, where it is possible, the structure of sentences in Russian translation keeps
the structure of the original ones in English. In the most cases there is word-for-word
correspondence between two texts to reduce the readers references to the dictionary. Alternative
variants of the translation and additional conjunction words are given in the square brackets.
The text, allocated by a bold font, is explained at the bottom of each article.
, , . , .
-.
, , .

OLD warriors would have gasped in

disbelief if they could have foreseen the
debut of a new American rocket last month.
A giant 19 stories high, the Atlas 5,
successor to America's first intercontinental
ballistic missile, blasted off from Cape
Canaveral, Fla., and roared into space to
deploy a satellite. But Yankee smarts had
little to do with the fiery success of the
rocket's engines. Instead, the brains were
Russian.
,
. , [], -5, []

, ,
,
, [ ] . , [] .
[ ] .
Moscow may have lost the cold
war, but its companies are beating
Western capitalists at the game of
making rocket motors. With
technology that is simple and
reliable, powerful yet relatively
cheap, the Russians are winning over
not only commercial customers
around the globe but the American
military as well. What's more, the
Russians have outperformed their
technologically advanced rivals by
relying on a strikingly low-tech fuel:
kerosene.
The Atlas 5, made by Lockheed
Martin, is the brainchild of the United
States Air Force, which realized seven
years ago that it would need to replace
its aging fleet of cargo rockets with a
new generation of inexpensive but
dependable rockets able to loft large
payloads.
The Evolved Expendable Launch
Vehicle, as the project was called, let
American companies pick whatever
technology they wanted. Joan B.
Underwood, a spokeswoman for
Lockheed Martin Space Systems in
Denver, said the company's teams
seized on a Russian engine design
after being dazzled by Russian secrets
accessible after the end of the cold
war.
"We were astounded," she said.
"The Russians were able to develop
systems and metals and capabilities
that allowed them to fire engines at
higher pressures, temperatures and
efficiencies."
See page 8

, , , [] [ ]
. , ,
[],
[] , . , []
[], [] - .
-5, ,
[] -
, ,
, ,
.

, , , . .
,
, ,
[]
, [] ,
.
" ", - . "
, , [] , ".
. 8

1. OLD warriors - ; OLD - ; warrior - , .

2. would have gasped in disbelief - ; (.)
.
3. Atlas - , - , ,
. - ,
.
4. blasted off - ( ); blast - , .
5. to deploy a satellite - [ ] ; to deploy -
.
6. Instead - .
7. strikingly low-tech fuel - [] .
8. brainchild - ; (.) ; brain - ; child - . ,
" ",
.
9. payload - , (.) .
10. The Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle - ;
(.) .
11. that allowed them to fire engines - ; to fire
engines - .

2 THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

- 5(18)

Anti-corruption task force clears Russia, sanctions Nigeria, Ukraine

"" ,

(AFP). [ ] []
[]
[], [
], [ ] [] []
,
.
, ,
[] (FATF) ,
[] Niue,
[], [ FATF] "
,
, ".
[ ] FATF
""
[] "" []
; [ ] 15
, [ ]
[] .
[ ]
1995 -

,
.
, FATF, [] ,
, ,
[""] [ ]. FATF [], []


() () -
, , (
[]
[""] -).
,
,
FATF [] ,
.

[""] . " ", - .

Russia Quits Arms Pact

, 14 [2002].
1993 (START II),
, ,
.
,
,
[ ]
START II, .
[ ]
[] ,
[]
[ ] [] .

" [] ,
[ ]
", - , [ ],

" []" . " ,
[] ; : " [] [ ]"".
START II, , [ ]
, -

Cats, Dogs and Allergies

,
, ,

, , [] [
, ] . [
] ,
: "
?".
,
" ", ,
, , , , [ ] .
[] ,
" " [].

[ ]
, [ ],
[ ] ,
, [ ].
[
] [] , [], ,
, ,
[] ,
[] .
"
,
[] ", - .
,
[ , ] ,

,
77 , []
.

FATF , " ",

[] , [] .
, , [] , FATF

[] ,
2000 . [ ], FATF, , ,

.

, ,

,
, .
, [] , , ,
[] ,
[ - ] [""] , [
] " -

, ". " ,
", - "".
, , ,


.
, , FATF,
2003 ,
[
].
, [ ]
[ ]:
, , , , , , , ,
- , .

,

12-14 2003 .
AFP - Agence France-Presse
AFP Global Edition,
October, 11, 2002

[].
[ ] START II [] []
,
, [] , .
,
START II, ,
, ,
" " [ ]
.
, , ,
[ ] 1750 . 2200 . [ ] .
, [ ]
. []
,

,
[ ]. " [] ,
", - [] . " ".
,
,
[] START
II, ,
, .

c, []

.
[],
[]
,
.
Washington Post, June 15, 2002

, , .
,
, [ ]
. [] "" [] [ ] , ,
.
,
, [ ]
, []

.
" - ,
, ", -
-.


,
, [] ,
, .
ABCNEWS.com,
Aug. 27, 2002

: (8422) 52-02-00 e-mail: erw@mv.ru

NOW LET'S WIN NEW READERS

We need more readers who
will help us to get more , readers.
.
We ask supporters for help
, ,
with the sales of our paper. .

THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

- 5(18) 3

Anti-corruption task force clears Russia, sanctions Nigeria, Ukraine

"" ,

PARIS (AFP) - A global task force to

stamp out money laundering removed
Russia from a list of non-cooperative states
Friday but called for penalties on Nigeria
and Ukraine unless they stepped up efforts
to fight financial corruption.
In other action at the end of a three-day
plenary session here, the Financial Action
Task Force (FATF) said it had removed the
Caribbean state of Dominica and Niue and
the Marshall Islands in the Pacific from its
non-cooperative list "in light of the progress
they have made in improving their antimoney laundering systems."
But the FATF recommended that member
countries slap what it called
"countermeasures" on Nigeria and Ukraine
that would take effect December 15 this year
unless they acted more vigorously against
money laundering.
It called on Nigeria to expand the scope of
its 1995 money laundering law and urged
Ukraine to enact anti-corruption legislation
that meets international standards.
The countermeasures envisaged by the
FATF generally lead to closer surveillance
of financial operations in the targeted
country, which tends to discourage the
inflow of capital. FATF President Jochen
Sanio disclosed that the task force, in
accordance with a request from the
International Monetary Fund and the World
Bank, had decided not to add any new

countries to the non-cooperative list -currently containing 11 members -- for at

least a year.
He said the Fund and the Bank believed
that countries having trouble meeting FATF
anti-money laundering requirements should
instead be provided technical assistance.
Sanio hailed the removal of Russia from
the list. "This is a great success for Russia
and the international community in the fight
against money laundering and terrorist
financing," he said.
A FATF statement added that Moscow
had provided "strong assurances" it would
fully implement measures aimed at stamping
out money laundering.
Russia, which had already adopted
legislation against money laundering, made
clear its annoyance in June when the FATF
in its annual report maintained Moscow on
the list, where it had been placed in June
2000. The task force insisted that Russian
authorities take further steps to ensure the
effective implementation of the law.
Russia complied last month by stiffening
the legislation with a series of amendments
extending financial controls to such
activities as the sale and purchase of precious
stones and metals and the allocation of large
jackpots in games and lotteries.
Welcoming Friday's decision, government
spokesman Alexei Gorshkov said Russian
authorities had taken firm action to have the

Russia Quits Arms Pact

MOSCOW, June 14 -- Russia pulled out of

the 1993 START II nuclear arms treaty today,
one day after the United States formally
withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile
Treaty prohibiting construction of a missile
defense system.
The action by the Russian parliament had
limited practical effect, however, because
the U.S. and Russian legislatures had ratified
different versions of START II, preventing
it from taking force.
But it had political impact in Moscow,
where President Vladimir Putin has been
criticized for being too conciliatory toward
the United States on arms control.
"Putin does want to show that two can
play at this game," said Jon Wolfsthal,
deputy director of the Non-Proliferation
Project at the Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace in Washington. "This is
a signal to the U.S., and it is also Putin

consolidating support with the military and

the hard-liners, telling the conservatives:
We aren't going to let them roll all over us."
By backing out of START II, Russia frees
itself from what military experts here
considered onerous restrictions on the landbased intercontinental missiles that are
Russia's strongest nuclear assets.
START II's requirement that such
weapons be armed with only one warhead
each meant in essence that Russia had to
build an entire new generation of missiles,
many analysts and lawmakers here said.
Other restrictions set by START II are
obsolete, including the requirement that
both countries slash their nuclear arsenals
to 3,500 warheads apiece.
A treaty signed in Moscow last month
requires the United States and Russia to
limit themselves to 1,750 to 2,200 each in the
next decade.

country itself removed from the list, "both

at the legislative and the executive level."
"We believe this decision will do a lot to
improve the investment image of our
country," the Interfax news agency quoted
him as saying.
Another official, First Deputy Finance
Minister Sergei Kolotukhin, said the
Russia's removal from the list would also
eventually help Moscow borrow money at
lower interest rates from investors.
Sanio later said Russia along with South
Africa -- at present a FATF observer -- could

join the task force in June 2003 following

further evaluation.
The current list of non-cooperative
countries groups: Cook Islands, Egypt,
Grenada, Guatemala, Indonesia, Myanmar,
Nauru, Nigeria, Philippines, St. Vincent and
the Grenadines and Ukraine.
The task force said it would review the list
again at its next plenary meeting February
12-14, 2003.
News
from AFP Global Edition
October, 11, 2002

1. Anti-corruption task force - ()

; (.) ; task
- , , ; force - ; task force - .
2. clears Russia - () [ ]; (.)
, , .
3. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) -
[].
4. to stamp out - , ; to stamp - , , .
5. money laundering - (. . - ,
); money - ; launder - .
6. unless they stepped up efforts - ; unless - ; they
- ; to step up - ; efforts - .
7. non-cooperative states - ,
; non-cooperative list - , FATF.
8. that meets international standards -
; (.) .
9. in the targeted country - , ; (.) -
; target - , .
10. A FATF statement added - FATF ; (.) FATF () .
Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov said
Russia was not retaliating for the U.S.
decision to pull out of the ABM Treaty. That
treaty expired Thursday, six months after
Washington gave notice it would withdraw.
"The national defense system exists in virtual
space, not in reality," he told reporters in
Kyrgyzstan. "So there is no need for
retaliation."
The Foreign Ministry, however, blamed
the United States for START II's demise,
saying Washington had failed to fully ratify
the treaty and had invalidated the ABM

Treaty, which was the cornerstone of arms

control agreements for three decades.
Bush administration officials have said
that a Russian decision to arm its missiles
with multiple warheads would not be a
significant threat to the United States.
Washington is much more concerned about
whether nuclear material could be stolen or
diverted from Russia to unfriendly countries,
they said.
By Sharon LaFraniere
Washington Post Foreign Service
Saturday, June 15, 2002

1. to let them roll all over us - ; (.)

.
2. backing out of - .
3. apiece - ; (.) , .
4. retaliation - , .
5. Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty) -
( ); (.) .
6. missile defense system - ; missile - ,
; defense - ; system - .
7. Carnegie Endowment - ,
; (.) , ; endowment - , .
8. gave notice - ; (.) , .
9. demise - , , .
10. multiple warheads - ; (.) [] .

Cats, Dogs and Allergies

,

Your Pets May Be Helping

Your Kids
Most children, even the youngest of
children, are delighted to be around cats
and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of
germs and allergens, prompting researchers
to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for
children?

A study published in this week's issue of

the Journal of the American Medical
Association finds that, contrary to many
parents' fears, owning cats or dogs does not
increase a child's risk of developing allergies,
and in fact, may actually protect them.
The study's lead author, Dr. Dennis
Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,
says that even he was "very surprised" by
the results.
Ownby and colleagues followed more
than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,
comparing those exposed to cats and dogs
during their first year of life to those who
were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting
common allergies, the researchers found
that, contrary to what many doctors had
been taught for years, children who had
lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
"Parents don't have to be concerned
about keeping cats and dogs in the house

Previous research showed that children

in terms of increasing the risks of allergies
to their children," said Ownby.
raised on farms and exposed to animals
were less likely to have allergies as well.
THE MORE, THE MERRIER
"There's something very important in
Even more remarkable, children who had
two or more dogs or cats had an even that first year of life when the immune
greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk system is developing that we can retrain it
of allergies. And not only were they less away from an allergic response," said Dr.
likely to develop allergies to cats and dogs, William Davis of Columbia Presbyterian
but also to dust mites, short ragweed and Medical Center in New York.
And while researchers are not
blue grass.
Researchers suggest this protective encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats
effect may be the result of early exposure to just to reduce a child's allergy risk, they say
lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and if a family already has one or more animals,
cats. Exposing young children to these there's no need to get rid of them.
bacteria helps "exercise" their immune
ABCNEWS.com,
systems early in life so that they're better
By John McKenzie,
able to resist allergic diseases later.
Aug. 27, 2002
1. Pet () - , ; pets - - :
, .
2. A study published - , ;
(.) .
3. to get rid of - .

4 THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

How to hail a cab with a mobile phone

We test a taxi service that pinpoints where

you are and . its nearest driver. Does it work
better than simply standing on the roadside
in the hope of waving down a passing cab?
It's late in the evening and you're in a
strange part of town. You dial a number on
your mobile, and far away an unseen
computer hums into life. It looks at
information from your phone, analyses data
from a satellite 35,000km above your head,
and a few seconds later a black cab pulls
up.
Science fiction? Far from it. This is the
technology behind a new taxi service called
Zingo operating in London.
It works by pinpointing a potential
passenger's location, and matching them
with the service's nearest taxi. To find the
passenger, it uses location based services
(LBS) technology - a system which allows
mobile phone operators to tell where an
individual user is by looking at which mobile
phone mast the phone is locked on to. The
taxis are equipped with global positioning
system (GPS) receivers which can tell the
vehicle's position using signals from
satellites, and this information is sent
continuously to the control centre.
When a potential passenger rings up, the
service receives information about the
caller's position from the mobile phone
company, finds the nearest cab from the GPS
data, and then automatically routes the call
through to the cab driver. It is then a simple
matter of talking to the cabbie and giving the
precise address - the cabbie can also estimate
how long it'll take to get there.
If the taxi doesn't turn up, the caller can
be reconnected to the cabbie to find out
what's holding him up - much more
reassuring than calling a radio dispatcher
who will inevitably - it often seems - give
the standard answer that the cab will arrive
in five minutes.
Road test
But does a hi-tech LBS and satellitebased hailing system work better than the
time-honoured method of standing at the
curb, waving frantically and yelling "taxi"?
The application of a little technology can
certainly make taxi-hailing a warmer, dryer
and far more comfortable affair, says Zingo's

marketing manager Mark Fawcett. "You

can hail a cab from inside, while you're
finishing your meeting or your drink or
whatever."
So much for the theory. Armed with a
mobile phone, I put the service through its
paces.
Test one: Edgware Road, central London,
Wednesday evening rush hour My call is
connected in 20 seconds to a driver, who
says he'll arrive in about eight minutes. Not
exactly instant, but better than nothing.
The trouble is that almost as soon as the
conversation with the cabbie is over, not
one but three empty black cabs drive past
with For Hire signs lit. It's moral dilemma
time: should one wait for the Zingo cab, or
hop in one of the passing ones and cancel
the booked taxi? I decide on the former, and
sure enough, eight minutes later, my cab
arrives.
Test two: North London, Sunday morning
My call is greeted with a message that
the service is currently not working - please
try later.
Test three: Shepherd's Bush, west
London, Tuesday evening
This time the service is working, but after
a pause I am informed that there's no Zingo
taxi in the area.
So far it seems as though the traditional
method of waving and yelling is more
effective than relying on cell phones and
satellites, but Zingo is still in its infancy
with only 400 cabs on the road.
More cabs are being signed up each
week, Mr Fawcett says, with a target of
several thousand in the near future. And
although the service only works
automatically with mobile phones on the
O2 and Vodafone networks at present, he
expects other networks to join up in the
next few months. In the meantime, users of
other networks are connected to a call centre
where they have to give their address before
they can be passed on to a driver.
For now I'll be hailing my own cabs, but
next time it's cold and wet outside, I'll be
tempted to stay warm and let my phone do
the hailing.
Monday, 14 April, 2003
, By Paul Rubens

1. pinpoint - ; pin - ; point - ; .

2. You dial a number on your mobile -
.
3. a black cab pulls up - [ ]; pull up - ().
4. Science fiction - [,
].
5. matching - ; , ; .
6. which mobile phone mast the phone is locked
on to - -
; mast - []; locked on - ; lock - .
7. The taxis are equipped with global
positioning system (GPS) receivers -
GPS; GPS - (.
) Global Positioning System -
.

8. mobile phone company - -

; (.)
.
9. routes the call through to the cab driver .
10. cabbie - .
11. find out - .
12. hi-tech - (. ) high technology - .
13. satellite-based hailing system -
, [ ]
.
14. application - , ,
; .
15. rush hour - .
16. with For Hire signs lit -
[] ""; (.) " "
.
17. hop in - [].
18. booked taxi - .

Russia Gets Access to Microsoft Windows Source Code

Windows Microsoft

Russia will soon get a chance to look at the

closely-guarded source code for Microsoft's
Windows computer operating system. This
comes as part of the company's policy to allow
governments to improve the security of the
software they use.
Russia has reached an agreement with
Microsoft that will give it access to the source
code. The aim is to give Russian programmers
greater flexibility to enhance security in
computers used by government agencies.
Many countries and international
organizations have long complained that the
secrecy of the code has limited their ability to
use Microsoft products, especially for
sensitive information.
Last week the giant computer company
announced what it calls the Government
Security Program to deal with the problem.
Microsoft officials say they have also
signed an agreement with the NATO military
alliance and are holding discussions with

about 20 governments around the world.

Under the program, governments will be
able to verify security within Windows in
order to develop their own programs to protect
against electronic invasion by hackers.
Analysts say Microsoft agreed to allow
access in part because of competition from
operating systems such as Linux, whose
source code is not secret.
Linux is Microsoft's chief rival in the market
for governmental contracts, and its open code
allows programmers to modify it to enhance
security.
Russian officials say access to the Microsoft
Windows source code should also help in the
fight against software piracy, a huge issue in
Russia.
Almost all of the computer, music and video
products available for sale in Russia are pirated
versions, and the country has come under
increasing pressure to deal with the problem.
Bill Gasperini, VOA, 21 Jan 2003

1. closely-guarded -
[] [ Windows].
2.Source Code() -
; (.) ; source - .
3. software - .
4. sensitive information

; (.) .
5. military alliance - .
6. electronic invasion - .
7. country has come under increasing
pressure - [
].

- 5(18)

Bill Gatess Other Love: Biology

-
How his passion imbues his portfolio
and philanthropy. And why hes donating
$70 million for research at the University
of Washington.
William H. Gates III had his pick of dinner
companions at the World Economic Forum
in Davos, Switzerland, last January. But
one night, instead of dining with foreign
dignitaries or business leaders, the
Microsoft (MSFT) chairman met with a
handful of distinguished scientists. At
the table were Bruce Alberts, president of
the National Academy of Sciences; Ilan
Chet, president of Israels Weizmann
Institute of Science; and Sir Robert May,
president of the Royal Society of London,
among others. For more than three hours,
the group brainstormed about how to fix
some of the worlds most vexing publichealth dilemmas.
Gates calls biology a hobby. But
biologists who have spent time with him
say hes no lightweight when it comes to
science and hes also a major player on
the business side. Through the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation, he has
committed more than $3 billion in the past
five years to bringing basic health care to
developing nations. Gates estimates that
his personal investments in biotech
companies are worth $300 million to $400
million.
And on Apr. 24, he was poised to
announce another major contribution a
$70 million grant to help the University of
Washington build a new home for its
departments of genome sciences and
bioengineering.
"MISSING ELEMENT." Gates says the
grant doesnt augur a new focus on gene
sciences at his foundation. His chief
preoccupation continues to be tackling
infectious diseases and other scourges in
Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The real
missing element is applying biology to the
diseases of the developing world, he
explains. Thats where the market
mechanism doesnt work.
The government and big pharmaceutical
companies will go on investing heavily in
genomics. But only philanthropy can
create financial incentives to treat such
common Third World afflictions as
tuberculosis and meningitis. And in such
areas, says Alberts, hes making a huge
difference.
Gatess early forays into biotech were
fueled more by fascination with biology
than beneficence. In 1990, he invested in
Icos (ICOS ), a Bothell (Wash.) company
that developed an erectile dysfunction
drug. This remains his largest biotech
holding, and he still sits on the board.
Through the 1990s he added other stakes.
Recently, he has eased up on such
investments, instead channeling his
biomedical efforts through the foundation.
Gates sat down with BusinessWeek Seattle
Bureau Chief Jay Greene to talk about his
gift to the University of Washington and his
fascination with the field. Edited excerpts of
their conversation follow:
Q: What do you hope will be the impact
of the grant?
A: The University of Washington is one
of a reasonably small number of places
that has a critical mass of people with
genomic expertise. There are some very
exciting frontiers in this work that have
yet to be tackled, even though the basic
sequencing project [the Human Genome
Project] is now essentially done (see BW
Online, 4/24/03, Using Teamwork to
Tackle Disease). With this grant, coupled
with the kind of operating money theyll
get, mostly from the government, theyll
be able to do a huge amount of work.
Q: Do you see an opportunity to fund
more genomics research?
A: Our foundation, in general, does not
fund basic biology research activities. And
this grant does not represent a new
direction for our global health program. If
my dad [who sits on the universitys board
of regents] wasnt involved in this
campaign, if the university werent part of

this community, this wouldnt have made

our list of things to give to.
Q: Wont genomics facilitate vaccine
research for diseases that afflict the
developing world?
A: A b s o l u t e l y . S o l u t i o n s t o a l l
biological problems are greatly advanced
by the sequencing work and the new tools
that are created. The pace of progress in
biology creates a foundation that naturally
gets picked up by the biotech and
pharmaceutical industry to solve richworld diseases. This is attractive science.
Its science that people want to work on.
At the same time, the leverage that we do
in our developing-world work is greatly
advanced by the basic funding from the
National Institutes of Health.
Q: In an essay seven years ago, you
wrote that biotech was a hobby. What is it
that intrigues you so much?
A: My fascination is broadly with
biology and the fact that our increased
understanding of biology allows for
breakthroughs in a broad set of diseases.
Most of my biology reading nowadays is
like something I read this weekend, an
article on tuberculosis. The week before
that, it was a book called AIDS in the
Twenty-First Century [by Tony Barnett].
I like to read general biology things
about the immune system and advances in
that area because it lays the foundation
for my part of the dialogue at the
foundation about what things we ought to
pursue. The human body is the most
complex system ever created. The more we
learn about it, the more appreciation we
have about what a rich system it is. We
really are scratching the surface.
Q: Im curious about your selfeducation in this area. Theres a story
about your going on vacation to Hawaii
and polishing off James D. Watsons
Molecular Biology of the Gene.
A: That was Brazil. [Gates pulls a copy
from his bookshelf.] Its fun to read about
this stuff. When I was in school, I took a
lot more physics, chemistry, and math than
I did biology. And those are all fields that
I still like to read about. But the amount of
reading I end up doing thats related to
evolution and biology is huge. Almost
everyone I talk to reads [Richard] Dawkins,
[Steven] Pinker, [Stephen Jay] Gould,
which is all evolutionary stuff.
Theres a level of this reading that I do
simply because Im interested. But I dont
think I would have spent time learning
about the immune system if understanding
vaccines werent something I considered
very important.
Q: Do you still handle most of your
biotech investing yourself?
A: In the last few years, we havent done
much biotech investing. If you go back
four or five years, we did some. I had some
involvement in each biotech investment,
because it was a science-related thing. I
have friends who are interested. So theyre
often bringing me things some good,
some not so good.
If there were all the time in the world,
going out and finding neat new biotech
companies might be a fun thing to do. The
time I spend reading about biology-related
topics has been very focused on
developing-world diseases so that I
can be articulate about those things.
Recently, because of the foundation, I
havent focused that much on biotech.
Q: Tell me about your dinner at Davos
with Alberts, Chet, California Institute
of Technology President David Baltimore,
and NIH Director Elias Zerhouni.
A: It was quite an international group. I
was saying: Look, whats going on? Why
havent there been faster advances in
AIDS treatments? What are the basic
scientific questions around this that we
dont understand? It was a wide-ranging
conversation and a great privilege to sit
and talk with those guys. Theyre all people
we will be collaborating with.
APRIL 24, 2003
BusinessWeek

1. dinner companion - .
2. brainstormed - ; brainstorming - ,
( ). storming - .
3. NIH - National Institutes of Health - ().

THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

German electronics legend goes bust

Germany's Grundig, one of Europe's best-known consumer
electronics makers, has filed for bankruptcy.

The move follows the failure of rescue

talks with two potential partners, Taiwan's
Sampo and Turkish Beko. Grundig, founded
in 1945 and a key participant in Germany's
post-war revival, had been struggling for
years. In 1996, it was spun off by parent
company Philips, but failed to get its finances
in order. There is no news yet on the fate of
the company's plants - including two in
Germany, and one each in Portugal and
Austria - or its 3,500 staff.
Slimming down
Grundig's high-quality but premiumpriced TVs, VCRs, radios and other
equipment was expensive to produce and
uncompetitive in a market increasingly

focused on price. The company tried to cut

costs by consolidating some of its
production, and outsourcing some
assembly to cheaper countries such as
Hungary and Turkey.
In the meantime, it has slimmed down
radically, shrinking from almost 40,000 staff
in the late 1980s.
In 2001, the latest year for which it has
published figures, it made a loss of 150m
euros (pound sterling 103m; $161m) on
turnover of 1.5bn euros.
Off and on
At the beginning of this year, Grundig
announced that its future had been secured
by a partnership deal with Sampo, a large
home-appliance manufacturer.
But it said recently that talks with the
Taiwanese firm had "gone quiet".
Grundig then turned to Beko, which mainly
makes fridges, but was evidently taken by
surprise when the Turkish company pulled
out last week.
The two firms said that their contact had
been "full of promise", but not enough to
warrant a purchase of the ailing German
company.
BBC, Monday,
14 April, 2003

1. goes bust () - ,
; bust - ; .
2. consumer electronics makers -
; (.) .
3. has filed for bankruptcy - ; file for - ( , ), -. (for; with).
4. it was spun off - ;
(.) [
].
5. TVs, VCRs, radios and other equipment , , .
6. in a market increasingly focused on price [ ] [].
7. outsourcing some assembly to cheaper

countries - [] [
].
8. off and on on and off - ,
, .
9. home-appliance manufacturer - ; home - , ;
appliance - , , ,
; domestic electric appliances - .
10. talks with the Taiwanese firm had "gone
quiet" -
" []" ( Past
Perfect); go - , ; , .
11. fridge = frig (.) refrigerator - .
12. pulled out - .
13. ailing - , , .

Grundig's televisions carried high

price tags

Police consider lie detector tests

,
Police in the North West could soon use lie
detection tests to interrogate suspects.

Researchers are in talks with forces in the

region to test the technology - the first time it
would be available for forces in the UK.
The new system looks for involuntary
gestures which act as clues as to whether the
person being interviewed is telling the truth.
The Silent Talker device has been
developed in the region and is touted as having
a 90% success rate.
It uses a video camera linked to an artificial
intelligence system that spots small
movements people make unconsciously when
they lie.
The traditional polygraph test, used in the
US, is claimed by some to have a 60% to 70%
success rate.
But Mark Littlewood, of the human rights
organisation Liberty, said the device could
infringe people's rights.
He added: "The full consent of the suspect
should be required.
"We are sceptical of its reliability and believe
its more widespread use would be a serious
and unacceptable erosion of the right to
silence."
Ian Donald, a psychology professor at

Liverpool University, told The Engineer

magazine that a great deal of interest had been
shown in the project.
'Micro-gestures'
He said developers were in informal talks
with Cheshire, Greater Manchester and
Merseyside police forces.
Dr Janet Rothwell, psychology researcher
at Manchester Metropolitan University, said:
"The artificial intelligence system watches for
micro-gestures, blushing and head and
shoulder movement.
"At a basic level it is trained to identify an
object, such as an eye."
"The next level is to understand if that
object is being deformed, for example an eye
changing shape."
Suspects and their lawyers could still veto
the use of the technology during interviews
and the law would need to be changed before
results could be admissible in court.
The Police Information and Technology
Organisation said it was monitoring the project.
The US government is also believed to be
interested in Silent Talker, said The Engineer.
, 14 April, 2003

1. to interrogate suspects - .
2. forces police forces - ; (.)
.
3. UK - (. ) United Kingdom (of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland) -
( ).
4. looks for involuntary gestures -
.
5. Silent Talker device -
" ".
6. tout - ; ; , ; .
7. artificial intelligence system - .
8. spots small movements - [] [] .
9. unconsciously - .
10. polygraph - ( ).

11. human rights - .

12. device could infringe people's rights - [] ; infringe - , (,
, . .); ( . . .) (on/upon).
13. unacceptable erosion - ; unacceptable - , , ; erosion - ,
; ; ; , .
14. right to silence - ;
(.) .
15. watches for micro-gestures, blushing and
head and shoulder movement - [] [ ],
,
.
16. eye changing shape -
; (.) .

- 5(18) 5

Turnips touted as SARS cure

BEIJING (Reuters) - A turnip a day keeps

the SARS virus away, or so many in China's
capital believe.
Turnip prices have jumped in Beijing after
the vegetable was touted as a key ingredient
in a potion to fight the deadly virus that
causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome,
peddlers said. Carrots, leeks, garlic and
ginger have leapt in popularity, too, after
the popular Star Daily tabloid published a
recipe for fighting SARS last week that
included them along with turnips.
"A lot of people want turnips," said
vegetable vendor Hu Benqiang, adding he
expected prices to keep rising.
Long, white turnips are already selling for
three yuan per kg at one neighbourhood

market, up from 2.40 yuan (10 pence) per kg

last week, said Hu. Wholesale prices have
shot up more than 30 percent.
Chinese have been trying antibiotics, cold
medicines and home remedies such as
boiling vinegar and eating whole cloves of
raw garlic to fight SARS. One official health
newspaper recommended dead silkworms
and cicada skins as part of another recipe.
Health experts say there is no known cure
for SARS, which has infected more than
3,300 people and killed at least 144 -- nearly
half of them in China -- since it emerged in
China's southern province of Guangdong in
November.
Yahoo! Reuters,
April 15, 2003

1. SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

- [] ;
() .
2. cure - , ;
, .
3. turnip a day keeps the SARS virus away ( ) An apple a
day keeps a doctor away. -
.
4. the vegetable was touted - , ; tout -
; ; , ; .
5. recipe - (, )
; ( -.) (for
- ).

6. vendor - , , , .
7. neighbourhood market - .
8. yuan - ( ).
9. Wholesale prices have shot up -
; shot up - .
10. cold medicines - []
.
11. boiling vinegar - [] .
12. eating whole cloves of raw garlic - [] .
13. dead silkworm - ; (.) ; silk ; worm - .
14. cicada skins - .
15. it emerged - [] , .

U.S. health workers seek better SARS protection

CHICAGO, April 15 (Reuters) - U.S. health- health-care workers from SARS, tuberculosis
care workers, edgy over the contagious and and other air-borne illnesses.
sometimes fatal respiratory illness SARS,
OSHA has been mulling the proposed
are pushing U.S. regulators to require rule for the past decade.
isolation rooms and other safeguards to
The federal rule would require hospitals
give hospital employees better protection to set up isolation rooms with negative
from exposure to infected patients.
pressure, which stops air from circulating
The virus that causes SARS, or Severe into hallways outside, and have on hand soAcute Respiratory Syndrome, is spreading called N95 filtering respirators, among other
around the world via air travel, infecting controls.
3,300 and killing 144 in 20 countries so far.
The American Hospital Association,
Many of the afflicted are doctors and nurses which represents most of the nation's 5,000
who contracted the infection in hospitals. hospitals, is working with U.S. health officials
Now health workers want the federal to disseminate information to its member
Occupational Safety and Health hospitals, though it would not comment on
Administration to enact a regulation whether the safeguards should be
requiring hospitals to isolate infected mandatory.
persons and to provide specialty respirators
Officials at OSHA declined comment.
recommended by the U.S. Centers for
SARS, a flu-like disease that causes
Disease Control and Prevention.
pneumonia, originated in Southern China,
The sole country outside Asia where then swiftly made its way to other regions,
SARS has proved fatal is Canada, where 13 including the United States.
have died, thousands have been
Many U.S. hospitals already maintain
quarantined, and some hospitals have been isolation rooms for airborne infections such
closed. In the United States, there are 193 as tuberculosis, a chronic lung disease that
suspected cases so far but no deaths.
can be fatal.
"There is great anxiety among health-care
"These rooms are constantly being used"
workers that it could happen here because at Advocate Christ hospital in Chicago, said
of international travel," said James August, Stephen Sokalski, the hospital's director of
director of occupational safety and health at infectious diseases.
the American Federation of State, County
Some U.S. hospitals are making their own
and Municipal Employees, a union whose preparations for treating SARS, yet the union
members include hospital and clinic workers. says a mandate is crucial because such
"And there is no reason to think it couldn't, preparations are now voluntary.
given what happened in Toronto."
"In Toronto, hospitals have closed and
REGULATION LANGUISHES
that same thing could very well happen in
Several health-care unions, including the U.S. And then the public will get quite
AFSCME, with 300,000 to 350,000 private- concerned," Sokalski said.
and public-sector nurses and acute-care
AlertNet news is provided by Reuters
workers, say the regulation would protect
By Kim Dixon, 15 Apr 2003
1. contracted the infection - , .
2. AFSCME -(. ) American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
- , .
3. OSHA - (.) The Occupational Safety and Health Act - ().
4. air-borne illnesses - , .

Smoking Kills -
IT is unclear whether US forces in Iraq are
enforcing American-style bans on smoking
in public places.
Judging by the poor air quality in Baghdad
it seems that they seem to be turning a blind
eye. If so, this seems prudent.
There is nothing more annoying to the
serious smoker than to be told to "put it
out", and some tobacco enthusiasts are
prone to outbursts of violent rage in such
situations.
The Guardian reports that two weeks after
its introduction, Mayor Bloomberg's ban on
smoking in New York bars and restaurants
has claimed its first casualty.

Dana Blake, a bouncer at the Guernica bar

in the East Village, asked Jonathan and Ching
Chan to put out a cigarette, and when
Jonathan began to argue, he was dragged
out, whereupon a fight ensued and Blake
was stabbed.
"It's so ironic," said Travis Keyes, owner
of the bar next door, displaying the
sensibility supposedly lacking in his
compatriots.
"Something that's supposed to save lives
has already taken a life."
Yahoo News!
Tuesday, April 15, 2003

THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

- 5(18)

Madonna: 'My priority is family'

: " - "

Performer appears on 'Larry

King Live' Thursday night
(CNN) -- Madonna may have spent much
of her career devoted to the star-making
machinery and looking out for No. 1, but
now that she's settled down with husband
Guy Ritchie and two children, family comes
first -- even if the rest of her life is running
her ragged.
"My priority is my family, absolutely, 100
percent," she said in a taped interview that
will appear on Thursday's "Larry King Live."
"Somehow we make things work. We don't
sleep very much."
Madonna and Ritchie brought the whole
clan along during the shooting of the
performer's new movie, "Swept Away," a
remake of Lina Wertmuller's 1974 classic,
"Swept Away ... by an Unusual Destiny in
the Blue Sea of August." The movie opens
Friday.
The original plot concerned a wealthy
woman who ends up with a communist
working-class sailor when she goes
yachting on the Mediterranean. But
Wertmuller's film had a political agenda,
with class struggle and the battle of the

sexes underneath the surface of its comicromantic tale.

Madonna and Ritchie's film is "more
modern and funnier," according to the star.
"It's a great story," she said. "We shot the
movie in Malta and Sardinia, and it was a
huge benefit that I was married to the director
and so we were together as a family the
entire time."
Madonna also talked about her childhood
in Michigan, her spiritual growth, and the
issues of celebrity. The performer, who was
born Catholic, wears a Jewish star and is one
of several Hollywood celebrities who have
taken to following cabala, or Jewish
mysticism. She says, however, that she
hasn't converted to Judaism.
"I'm not Jewish in the conventional sense,"
she said, noting that she was attracted to
the metaphysics in cabala. "I was looking
for something. I mean, I'd begun practicing
yoga and, you know, I was looking for the
answers to life. ... I know there's more to life
than making lots of money and being
successful and even getting married and
having a family."
She acknowledged that her early career
was about making it big, but that things
sometimes didn't go as she expected. "I was
dancing for years in Manhattan and not
making a very good living," she said. "I
started auditioning for musical theater, and
somebody saw me at an audition ... and they
said, 'Hey, sweetheart, we're going to make
you a star' type of thing. ...
"And they took me to Paris and they kind
of put me into this star-making machinery,
but I wasn't ready for it. And after six months
I flipped out and had to come back to New
York."
'I WAS VERY IMPULSIVE'
Within a few years, though, she got a
break when she had a couple hit singles,

and cemented her fame with an appearance

on the 1984 MTV Video Music Awards. She
told the story coyly.
"I think I was rolling around on the stage
in my underpants. I think I did something
like that," she said. "I was very impulsive in
my youth." In fact, she rolled around
lasciviously in a revealing lingerie-like
wedding dress to her hit, "Like a Virgin."
But after years in the public eye, she said

she now generally avoids the media when

she isn't promoting a movie or album. She
said she doesn't read newspapers or
magazines or watch television. "It's not going
to do me any good," she said. "I mean, most
of it is sensationalistic. ... It's completely
ephemeral. Completely illusory. And so I'd
like to pay attention to what's real."
CNN, Thursday,
October 10, 2002

1. 'Larry King Live' - , - ;

(.) [].
2. star-making machinery - ;
-; (.) .
3. settled down - , .
4. run ragged - (. ) - to tire out - , ;
make nervous by too much worry or work - -
.
5. a taped interview - , []; tape - , .
6. a remake - , .
- , "" .
7. political agenda - []; (.)
; agenda - ; , .
8. according to the star - ; (.) .
9. We shot the movie - ; (.) .
10. cabala - occult system of religious philosophy developed in Middle Ages by Jawish
rabbits, based on mystical interpretation of the Scriptures - , ,
().
11. Manhattan - - -, . (Broadway), , . .
12. kind of - , ; .
13. I flipped out - () - ; flip out - (slang) - to go insane, to go
out of one's mind - () , ; to flip - , .
14. she got a break - ; to get a break(s) - ;
.
15. hit singles - ,
; single - pop record with one item on each side; hit - , ; , .
16. media - () (): , , ,
.; media - (.) .
17. It's not going to do me any good - ; (.)
[ ] - .

College costs push Americans to Canada

(AP) -- Attracted by relatively low tuition
costs, high academic standards and
campuses set in urban centers and
spectacular countryside, a small but fastgrowing number of American students are
choosing to spend their college days in a
foreign country -- Canada.
The Canadian Embassy in Washington
estimates that enrollment at major Canadian
schools by U.S. citizens has risen by at least
86 percent over the past three years, to
about 5,000 students.
"I absolutely love it here," said Amorette
Howland, a senior at Acadia University in
Wolfville, Nova Scotia, a community of 3,800
people about an hour's drive from the
provincial capital of Halifax.
A 13-hour journey from home in Enfield,
Connecticut, Howland was attracted by the
small-town feel of Wolfville -- and when she
learned that tuition included a new IBM
laptop computer.
Her parents were more impressed by
Acadia's academic standards; a minimum
combined math and verbal SAT score of
1,100 is required for American students
seeking admission. (There is no equivalent
college entrance exam for Canadian high
school students, who are judged for
admissions based on grade point averages.)

Montreal's McGill University has lured

nearly 1,600 Americans north of the border,
including sophomore Patrick Cournoyer,
who picked it over the University of Vermont
and Cornell University.
McGill's international student tuition fee
is $7,000 per year in U.S. dollars. With room
and board, McGill officials estimate a student
from the states can attend school in Montreal
for a total of $12,000 annually.
"Financially, it wasn't anything to even
think about. "It's so exorbitant the amount
of money you pay to go to an American
school," Cournoyer said. Patrick Cournoyer,
American enrolled in Canadian college.
U.S. Department of Education statistics
show the average tuition, room and board
paid in 2000-2001 by in-state undergraduates
attending public schools in the United States
was $8,655.
Tuition, room and board at private colleges
and universities ran to $21,997, making
McGill a relative bargain for someone
looking for a private education -- a point the
school's international recruiters stress to
high school seniors in the United States.
The president of the American Council on
Education, David Ward, called the influx of
stateside students in Canada beneficial to
schools on both sides of the border.

College cuts foreign pilot program

BATTLE CREEK, Michigan (AP) One

of the nations largest aviation colleges is
dismantling its foreign pilot training
program, hobbled in the last two years by
the September 11 terrorist attacks and an
airline industry slump.
Western Michigan Universitys College
of Aviation will temporarily replace the
program, instituted in 1997, with one that
trains both American and foreign students.

It still will allow students to become

certified to fly in either Europe or the United
States.
Foreign student enrollment is down this
year to 26 students all of whom will
graduate this spring from a peak of 126 in
1999, said school spokesman David Thomas.
Airlines such as British Airways, Irelands
Aer Lingus and Emirates Airline in the United
Arab Emirates sponsored most of the foreign

"At the department level, not at the

university level, it's probably creating some
healthy competition. Whether it's physics
or history or English, it's creating a situation
here where the good departments are just
going to have to be a bit more competitive,"
Ward said.
Like McGill, other Canadian schools such
as the University of Toronto and the
University of British Columbia also have
expanded recruiting efforts in the United
States. "I think we, being Canadian, haven't
blown our own whistles as much as we might
have," said Florence Silver, director of
student recruitment at Toronto, which
currently has 229 U.S. students enrolled, up
from 141 last year.

The director of the International Student

Initiative at the University of British
Columbia, Don Wehrung, hits the recruiting
trail. He also sells Vancouver as a foreign
education destination. "We attract people
who want the international experience," he
said.
Canadian inexpensive tuition is made
possible by national government subsidies.
Though completely satisfied with the
quality of her education, Howland still plans
to head back to the United States after
graduation next spring.
"The people are great and the campus is
beautiful," she said.
CNN.com,
Friday, October 4, 2002

1. enrollment - , , .
2. senior - ,
.
3. A 13-hour journey from home in Enfield,
Connecticut, - [ ]
, ,
13 ; (.)
, ; journey - , .
4. laptop computer - , ; lap - , top - .
6. (SAT) Scholastic Assessment Test -

[].
5. sophomore - (.) .
6. who picked it over - ;
...
7. a relative bargain - .
8. blown our own whistles -
; (.) .
9. destination - .
10. to head back - .

students and paid their tuition, but quit the

practice after amassing huge losses brought
on largely by the terrorist attacks.
"When theres any downturn in the
economy, the first thing [airlines] do is cut

back on training," Thomas said. "Youre

not going to pay for training of pilots that
you have no need for."
CNN, Monday,
March 10, 2003

1. airline industry - [] .
2. slump - (, );
.
3. to become certified - ; (.) [].
4. student enrollment - ; enrollment - , ;
; .
5. cut back on training - [ ] , . .
.

THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

- 5(18) 7

Madonna: 'My priority is family'

: " - "

(CNN).
,

[]
[] , ,
[]
[ , ]
[], []
[ ].
" , , ",
,
.
[]
[ ] [ ]
[] [ ] " [ ]" -
1974 ; [ ]: "
...
". []
.

[] ,
[] -
.
, "" [
] [ ] - .
" ", .
" ", - . "
, ,
[
] - ".
,
, [] .
,
, , , [ ] . , ,
.
" [] ", - , ,

[] . " - .
, []
, , [ ] ... ,
, ,
, ".
,
,
. , .
"
", . " []
, [ ]
, - [] ...
: ", ,
[] - . ..."
" , [] [] [] ,
. "" [ " "]
-".
"
[]"
, -,
[] , -

[] [] [] 1984
[ ]
MTV . .
" [], [ ] . , -
", - . " ". ,
[] []
,
, "Like a Virgin".
, ,

, []
. ,
, . " ",
- . " , [,
], ... . .
, , ".
CNN.com, October 10, 2002

College costs push Americans to Canada

(). , ,
, , ,
- .
[],
,
, 86 ; [
] .
" [] ",
- , , , 3800 ,
[ ] .
[ ] ,
,
13 ; [] ,
, IBM.

[] [ ]: -

[ ] , SAT 1000
[
]. (

, [] , ).
-
[] 1600 [], ,
[] [ ].
- - 7000
. , -
12000
.
" [] - ,
.
,
", - . ,
, .

, [] -

College cuts foreign pilot program

, () -
[]

, [
] []
[ ]
.
[
],
[] 1997 , ,
,
.
[ ] [ ] .

[] 26 ,
, 126 [] 1999 ,
.
British Airways, Aer Lingus Emirates Airline [] , [ ] [] , [] [].
" []
, ,
- [ ] ", - . "
, []
[]".
CNN, March 10, 2003

, , 20002001
[ ],

, [] 8655 .
[] ,
21997 , [ ] -
[ ], -- ,

,
.
, , []

.
" , , , , .
, ,
[ ], [ ]", - .
-,
, -

[ ] . " , ,
,
, ", -
,
, 229 ,
, 141 .
" " , , " " [ ]. [] [] .
[] [] [].
, [] []

.
" ", - .
CNN.com, October 4, 2002

Enjoy ERW and save up your time enlarging your

English vocabulary in different fields of human activity.

,
.

The future is for you

At the 'English Russian World', we're dedicated to helping today's students

become the leaders of future Russia. As globalization becomes the phenomenon
that affects world economies and business, students turn to the 'EnglishRussian World' for knowledge about this far-reaching concept in our issues.
Read the English Russian World during the 2003 - 2004 academic year.
English the language of the Internet is widely spoken throughout the World.

8 THE ENGLISH-RUSSIAN WORLD

May 3, 2003 - 3 2003

In the newspaper, where it is possible, the structure of sentences in Russian translation keeps
the structure of the original ones in English. In the most cases there is word-for-word
correspondence between two texts to reduce the readers references to the dictionary. Alternative
variants of the translation and additional conjunction words are given in the square brackets.
The text, allocated by a bold font, is explained at the bottom of each article.

A Missile That Would Make Lenin Faint

,

Continued from page 1

A Russian company, NPO
Energomash, formed an alliance
with Pratt & Whitney to make a new
engine for Lockheed Martin. The
result is the RD-180, a new Russian
design that experts say has a
performance edge of at least 10
percent over its Western rivals.
"We're getting the crown jewels,"
said Charles P. Vick, an expert on
the Russian space program at the
Federation of American Scientists,
a private group in Washington. "It
makes up for 30 years of not doing
the appropriate amount of engine
research ourselves."
The trick is that the Russians
learned during the cold war how to
excel
without
pushing
technological limits - the opposite
of the West's approach.
For instance, Moscow often
relied on kerosene, an inexpensive
fuel that can work at room
temperature. In contrast,
Washington pushed to perfect the
use of liquid hydrogen. This costly,
high-energy propellant must be
refrigerated down to hundreds of
degrees below zero, a temperature
that can freeze, shatter or otherwise
play havoc with fast-moving parts.
The RD-180 uses kerosene in a
clever process known as staged
combustion. The burning of fuel
starts in a preburner that powers
the engine's pumps. The blistering
hot residue then speeds into the
main combustion chamber, jacking
up heat and performance.
(American scientists adopted
similar technology in the space
shuttle program, but not in
rocketry.)
A penny-pinching wonder, the
RD-180 has sent American rockets
into space three times: in smaller,
less-sophisticated launches in
May 2000 and Feb. 2002, and most
recently on Aug. 21 with the
massive Atlas 5.
THOUGH a cargo carrier now,
the Atlas began life in 1959 as an
ICBM. So a rocket once meant to
drop thermonuclear warheads on

. . 1

[] Pratt & Whitney .
[ ] -
-180, [],
, , , 10% [].
" ", - . ,
,
[] []
. " []
[ ]
[] .
, [ ] [ ] [ ] [. . ] - , [].
, , ,
. ,
. ,
- , , , , .
-180 [
] ,
[ ].
, [] [] .
[] , [ ] . (
, ).
, -180 []
:
[ ]
2002 2002 ,
21 [2002 .]
[] -5.
[ ] , 1959
.
, ,

1. . .
2. . , ,
, :
, , .
3. , .
.
.
4. , ,
, .
-
, .
5. : ,
.
,
, , . , -.
6. , .
7. 1- 6-.
,
- .
8.
. . .
. , , ,
, .
Practice makes perfect.
.
P.S. .
, ,
.

- 5(18)

, , .
, .
-.
, , .

Russia has been made more powerful

by the same people it was meant to
annihilate. "Funny world, isn't it?"
notes the Atlas ICBM Historical
Society on its Web site.
The Atlas 5 flight was a commercial
launch, which Lockheed Martin is
encouraged to do under its Air Force
contract. (The government paid $500
million of the rocket's development
costs, while Lockheed Martin put in
$1 billion.) The newly lofted satellite
belongs to Eutelsat, a large European
satellite operator, and is to broadcast
radio and television signals across
Europe, North Africa and the Middle
East.
The Atlas 5 is scheduled to begin
lofting military payloads in 2005. But
sooner than that, the Russian
engines may get an added bit of
government business. The Air Force
is developing two separate families
of military rockets: the Atlas 5 and
the Boeing Delta 4, which uses
American technology. The latter
program has been delayed, however,
and now, with the Atlas 5 soaring
high, Air Force officials are
considering shifting a Delta payload
to the new Atlas.
The peace dividend will grow,
Lockheed Martin officials say, as
new, beefed-up versions of the Atlas
5 are unveiled in the future. The
largest will be able to loft into orbit
payloads up to 28.5 tons nearly 5
tons more than the nation's current
leader, the Titan 4.
Call it the engine that came in from
the cold. "This," said Ms.
Underwood of Lockheed Martin, "is
a very big deal."
September 22, 2002
The New York Times
By WILLIAM J. BROAD

, ,
, []. " ,
?", - , .
[] -5 ,
[] [ ]
- . ( 500
,
). , ,
, [] .
, -5
2005 . ,
[], []. - : -5
-4, . [ -4], , [], , -5 [
], -

.
[] [ ] , ,
[] -5 [
] [].
28,5
- , [] , -4.
, [ ]
[ ]. ", -
, -
[] [ ]".

12. formed an alliance - ; .

13. propellant - , - ;
( ) .
14. play havoc - , .
15. preburner - ; (.) (!).
16. residue - , , .
17. speeds into - ; (.) .
18. space shuttle program - .
19. penny-pinching - ( ) - ; ; penny - ( ); pinch .
20. ICBM - Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile -
.
21. a rocket once meant to drop thermonuclear warheads - ,
, .

1 .

6 - 144 .
12 - 288 .

2 10 ( .)

.
6
12

2
252
504

3
360
720

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
468 576 684 792 900 1008 1116
936 1152 1368 1584 1800 2016 2232

. 3% . : - " ",
- 7328001054, - 40702810369170110121, 8588, .
, 047308602, ./. - 30101810000000000602, - "- ", __ __.
, , , .. .

2003
"" (), - 82016,
() (), - 31788.

, - 31788.


.
- .
- .
- .
: 432010, , .
, 34, 903, / 3002
: 432010, , / 3002
/ : (8422) 52-02-00
http://www.erw.uln.ru
E-mail: erw@mv.ru
Copyright - "- ",
, .

.
: N 77-12423.
: . , . ,
. , . .
:
17.00, 17.00.
5000. 1373.
.
"
" ", ., , 27.

(8422) 35-98-97.