ENGI 10679

Lab #2 Cold Working & Annealing OBJECT: To evaluate the effect of cold working on the mechanical properties of steel. Bicycle Spoke UTS Tensile Tester Electric Furnace

EQUIPMENT:

THEORY:

During manufacturing the spoke is subjected to cold working, which tends to increase the tensile strength of the material. Annealing restores the material to its original properties. 1) Remove the bent end of the spoke and cut the spoke into two equal pieces. 2) Measure the diameter (required for the area calculation). 3) Take one piece and place it into the furnace at 950o C for 30 minutes, and then remove and place it on a ceramic tile to cool. 4) Turn on the United machine and the controller Run Datum program Load Sample #1 To jog the jaws > on main screen click operate > click jog The jog buttons on the machine are now ready to operate Jog machine up and down as needed to load the part properly Install Extensometer onto sample Zero force and extension > Operate >click Pos=0, Force=0 Create a new test sample > click new Under the templates tab select > Imperial or Metric Tensile Properties of round bars > Click Apply Under the Sample Info tab > Customer name "group x" > spec ID > name of sample cold worked or normalized > diameter of sample > Click apply > Click Test

METHOD:

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Lab #2

ENGI 10679

When the test is finished remove the sample then > click Okay Under the Reports tab select > most numerically recent report Under the Analysis tab ensure break point of material is at the end of the sample Return to Reports tab click > Reports button Microsoft Access will pop up select > most numerically recent test > click graph In the graph window click > Reports > print report 5) Perform a tensile test on both samples and print individual graphs of each for comparison. Be sure to keep track of which graph is for each sample.

CONCLUSION:

For both samples calculate: UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength) = Maximum Load/Area Yield strength = Load at Yield/Area % Elongation = Extension(inches)/2(inch)gauge length X 100 Compare the results of your calculations for each material. What effect did cold work have on the material? Why would brazing be preferred to welding when joining two pieces of cold worked material?

NOTE:

For non-ductile materials, there will not be a dip at the yield point (Reference: Figure 3.5a on page 45 of the textbook). In the case of non-ductile materials, we use the 0.2% offset method to find the yield point. If you are using English units, the straight line which goes from the origin to the elastic limit is offset by 0.2% (0.002). The point where this offset line crosses the stress/strain graph is the Yield Point. (Reference: Figure 3.5b on page 45 and Yield Point on page 47).

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