Part Properties of Formation Fluid

Chemical Composition and Physical Property of Reservoir Fluid

Properties of Natural Gas Phase Behavior of Hydrocarbon Physical Property of Crude Oil Property of Oilfield Water

Condition f R C diti of Reservoir Fluid i Fl id

Original Pressure and temperature are high. Property of reservoir fluid is changing with pressure and temperature. Exploration and exploitation are in different stages In the course of development

Properties of Reservoir Fluid P i fR i Fl id

Crude il i i th t t f hi h t C d oil is in the state of high temperature and t d high pressure with much associated gas and formation water. It has great differences with stock tank oil. The property of porous medium rock determines the distribution and flow pattern of oil gas and water oil, in reservoir rocks to a large extent. The physical and chemical properties of formation fluid (oil, gas and ) performance. water) also affect its p

1.1 1 1

Ch i l Composition and Ph i l Chemical C iti d Physical Property of Reservoir Fluid

Chemical Composition of Crude Oil p Physical Property of Crude Oil Classification of Crude Oil Chemical Composition of Nature Gas Classification of Reservoir

1 Ch i l C Chemical Composition of Crude Oil iti fC d Crude oil is defined as a mixture of hydrocarbons
that existed in the liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities facilities (joint API, AAPG, and SPE).

1 Ch i l C Chemical Composition of Crude Oil iti fC d

paraffins (C n H 2 n + 2 ) hydrocarbons naphthenes(C H 2n) b hh CnH h d aromatics (C H + C H 6 5 n 2n+2 ) crude _ oil unds oxygencopo sulfur _ compounds heterocompounds nitrogen _ compounds others

2 Physical Property of Crude Oil y p y

1Color

Black

Bright

In appearance, crude oils vary from yellow green appearance yellow, and brown, to dark brown and black in color.
The physical and chemical properties of crude oils vary considerably and are dependent on the concentration of the various types of hydrocarbons and minor constituents present i t fh d b d i tit t t

2 Physical Property of Crude Oil y p y

2Density and specific gravity The crude oil density is defined as the mass of a unit volume of the crude at a specified pressure and temperature.
mo o = Vo

lb/ft3 kg/m3

in English unit In international standard

2 Physical Property of Crude Oil y p y

2Density and specific gravity The specific gravity of a crude oil is defined as the ratio of the density of the oil to that of water.

dimensionless

o o = w

o = specific gravity of the oil o = density of the crude oil, lb/ft3 w = density of the water, lb/ft3

Both densities are measured at 60oF and atmospheric pressure

2Density and specific gravity The API gravity is the preferred gravity scale. usually range from 47o API for the lighter crude oils to 10o API p for the heavier asphaltic crude oils.

API =

141.5

131.5

3Solidifying point
The solidifying point of crude oil is defined as the critical temperature in which the oil becomes cool from the state of flowing to immobilizing. It is affected by the content of wax, asphalt, colloid, light oil.

4Crude oil viscosity The viscosity, in general, is defined as the internal resistance of the fluid to flow flow.

Crude oil viscosity is an important physical property that controls and influences the flow of oil through porous media and pipes.

unitPa.s it P

3 Classification of Crude oil

3.1 According t properties of t k oil 31A di to ti f tank il 1Based on sulfur content
(1low sulfur oilsulfur content is 0.5 below 2sulfur crude (skunk oil)between 0.5% and 2.0% 3high sulfur crude oil oil 2 0% above 2.0%

2 Based on the content of colloid- asphaltene

(1) low colloid oil oilcolloid- asphaltene 8 below colloid below (2) colloid oilbetween 8% and 25 (3) high colloid oil25 above

3Based on paraffin content

1low paraffin oil paraffin content is 1 below 2 paraffin oil between 1 and 2 3high paraffin oil 2 above 2

4on the key component

1condensate oil( 2light crude(green oil,) o <0.82g/cm320 o 0.82~0.89g/cm320

3mixed base crude o 0 89~0 93g/cm320 0.89~0.93g/cm 4naphthene base crudeo >0.93g/cm320

5Based on the specific gravity of stock tank oil

1light oil o0.855 2medium oil 0.855 o0.934 3heavy oil o0 934 0.934

3.2 According to formation crude oil 1Based on the oil viscosity viscosity
1low viscosity oil y

o < 5mPa s
< o < 20 mPa s 20 mPa s < o < 50 mPa s

2medium viscosity oil 5mPa s 3high viscosity oil

o > 50 mPa s (general extra super heavy oil) o > 0.92 generalextrasuper
4viscous crudeheavy oil

Both viscosities are measured in the formation state

2Based on the phase state state

(1) condensate oil vapor phase in the formation state, it condenses when the pressure is decreased, usually specific gravity is less than 0.82 (2) volatile oil li id phase i th f l til il liquid h in the formation ti state, near critical point, high volatile and high shrinkage Rs:210~1200m /m R 210 1200 3/ 3o<0.825Bo>1.75 0 825 B 1 75 g p 3high pour point crude high wax content p g light oil, solidifying point is more than 40

4 Chemical composition of natural gas C i ii f

Natural gas , petroleum gas hydrocarbon, is a mixture of h d f hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases b d h d b methanes, ethanes, propanes, butanes, pentanes, methanes ethanes propanes butanes pentanes and small amounts of hexanes and heavier. C1 mole% >70 ~98 C2 mole%< 10 The non-hydrocarbon gases (i.e., impurities) include carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen

5 Classification of reservoir

Geologic characteristic Fluid properties Natural drive or drive type

Method one
Hydrocarbon reservoirs

First stage

Second

Oil reservoirs

Gas reservoirs

3rd

Black oil reservoirs

4th
Heavy oil reservoirs Ordinary black oil reservoir

Light oil reservoirs

Volatile High shrinkage

condensate gas reservoirs

Ordinary g y gas reservoirs

High condensate Low condensate

Rich gas

Dry gas

2 M th d t Method two
1gas

reservoirs

2 condensate 3volatile 4oil

gas reservoirs

oil reservoirs

()

reservoirs

5heavy

oil reservoirs

Method three
Mole component and physical property of typical formation fluid
6 4 .3 6 7 .5 2 4 .4 7 4 .1 2 1 2 .9 7 1 .3 8 1 4 .9 1 1 0 0 .0 0 181 356 8 7 .0 1 4 .3 9 2 .2 9 1 .0 8 0 0 .8 3 0 .6 0 3 .8 0 1 0 0 .0 0 112 3240 0 .7 3 5 8 C 1 % C 2 % C 3 % C 4 % C 5 % C 6 % C 7 % % C 7+ m 3 m 3 g cm 3 4 8 .8 3 2 .7 5 1 .9 3 1 .6 0 6 1 .1 5 1 .5 9 4115 1 0 0 .0 0 225 111 9 5 .8 5 2 .6 7 0 .3 4 0 .5 2 5 0 .0 8 0 .1 2 0 .4 2 1 0 0 .0 0 157 18690 0 .7 5 9 9

0 .8 5 3 4 0 .7 7 9 2

4 others method h h d Based on the buried depth:

less than 1500m 15002800m 1500 2800 28004000m more than 4000m shallow semi-deep id deep ultra deep