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A SOPHISTICATED WAY TO ELIMINATE THE BRAIN TUMOUR BY USING NANOROBOTS

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Mrs.Jayabharathi.P

Prof Mrs. Agnes Kalarani.X

[1] M.Phil, Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. [2] Professor, Department of Computer Application, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu kavibharati20@gmail.com , agneskalarani@yahoo.co.in ABSTRACT Nanotechnology is the technology which makes materials very much smaller than they are at present. This paper covers about how this technology could be implemented in the field of medicine. Brain is the most soft, important and complicated organ of the human being. Hence, making a surgery in the brain is not an easy factor to implement for all the patients. The doctors may not be much efficient to kill all the tumour cells in the brain. The conventional medical system could not find a way for complete elimination of tumour cells from the brain and it just extends the lifespan of the patient temporarily and causes many side effects. The nanotechnology provides the sophisticated way to eliminate the brain tumour completely by using the nanorobots without any side effects. INTRODUCTION Nano is meant by 10-9 (one thousand millionth).Nanoparticles are materials possessing micro-structural dimensions less than 100nm. An evolving technology based on this to overcome all the difficulties of the conventional technology is called nanotechnology. This technology is a boon for mankind. This technology has given the idea for the manufacture of sophisticated and portable instruments in future for a comfortable life. This paper introduces a concept under research in the field of nanotechnology called nanorobots. Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens. They will have a diameter of about 0.5 to 3 microns and will be constructed out of parts with dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. The nanorobots finds applications on various fields. These robots could be used to access the places and organs of the body, which are practically very difficult for any surgeon to reach with his/her skilled medical instruments. Rather than making surgeries having high degree of risks for the patient, the safe and efficient nanorobots can be used to treat and cure any bodily ailments. The brain tumour could be eliminated with a high degree of accuracy using the nanorobots. CURING BRAIN TUMOR USING NANOROBOTS BRAIN TUMOUR A tumour is any abnormal mass that results when cells multiply uncontrollably in the brain or morbid swelling in the body. Types of brain tumour are Benign (mild) brain tumour and Malignant (spread) brain tumour. Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy used individually or in combination, are the three most common treatments for brain tumours. NANOROBOT A robot, which is of few nanometers in size capable of doing some work, as programmed earlier is called NANOROBOT. Carbon will likely be the principal element comprising the bulk of a medical nanorobot, probably in the form of diamond largely because of the tremendous strength and chemical inertness. MANUFACTURING NANOROBOTS OF THE

Manufacture of the nanorobot is done by manipulations under atomic level, i.e. The atoms are combined individually with one another forming a complex molecule, which is the prototype of the structure of the nanorobot

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that is to be manufactured. One type of work established in nanorobots is focused on nanomanipulation with use of Scanning Probe Microscope. SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE A scanning probe microscope is a device, which has the component part as microscope, manufactured at nano level. This SPM is used for locating the atoms, gathering and assembling them and also involves in the automation of molecular handling and positional automation. In short, it is used as a robotic arm for assembling the atoms. To get million of nanorobots in order to face the needs, by implementing a technique called Massive Parallelism. MANUFACTURING OF THE NANOROBOTS MASSIVE PARALLELISM This is a technique used for the simultaneous manufacture of number of nanorobots with the help of source nanorobot, by programming it to process, a series of instructions. These instructions are coded and fabricated in the form of a minute nano chip. The set of instructions contain all the specifications for the manufacture of other nanorobots. Thus the SPM assembled nanorobot is sintered with the nano chip and is programmed to make its own replica with the help of available atoms and molecules. The replicated nanorobots have the same properties as the parent nanorobot and it in turn manufactures more number of nanorobots. This process continues until a certain level of population is reached for facing the need.
HOW MUCH NANOROBOTS ARE REQUIRED

The block diagram shows the working of the technique Massive Parallelism. Each block represents a nanorobot. One such theoretical design of the nanorobot navigating through the blood vessels is shown.

Manufacture of the nanorobot is done by manipulations under atomic level, i.e. The atoms are combined individually with one another forming a complex molecule, which is the prototype of the structure of the nanorobot that is to be manufactured. One type of work established in nanorobots is focused on nanomanipulation with use of Scanning Probe Microscope. COMPONENT PARTS OF NANOROBOTS The major parts are as follows: PROPELLER: It is an electric motor, which is used for navigation of the robot inside the blood vessel. SENSORS: The sensors are primarily used for locating the tumour inside the brain. DRILLER AND ARM: The driller is used to drill a small part of the tumour and break it apart. The arm is used to grab away the tumour cell. POWER SYSTEMS: The working of the robot requires power for its navigation ELECTRICITY WORKING The nanorobots are injected into the blood vessels by the injection technique. Numerous amount of the nanorobot can be

In most cases a human patient who is undergoing a nanomedical treatment is going to look just like anyone else who is sick. The typical nanomedical treatment will consist of an injection of perhaps a few nanorobots suspended in blood fluid. Depending on the tumour in the patients brain, a few billion or trillion nanorobots will be injected. If, Number of nanorobots = X Then, X = (size of the tumour in the brain) / (Size of a single tumour cell) Using this formula, the approximate number of nanorobots to be injected could be found out.

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injected into the body through various sites of the body. The nanorobots take the injection point in the body as its reference point and begin its navigation so that they can return to the same spot after the mission. Once the nanorobots are injected inside, they navigate through the blood vessels with the help of the propellers. The tumour location inside the brain is found out by the sensor, which is the integrated part of the nanorobots. The sensor senses whether any block is found in its path and if found so, the movement of the nanorobot is stopped. Now the driller is activated and starts drilling the tumor cell in that location and breaks it away from other cells. The Arm is activated and the drilled tumor cell is held by it. Again the propeller is activated and the nanorobots navigate through the same path, which it followed and reaches the reference point where it commenced. The nanorobots are taken out from the body. The sensor in the nanorobots sends signals to the outstation in order to identify the current position of the nanorobots. The signals generated are of specific pattern of ultrasonic waves, which could be of pulsed form or of continuous form. Simple Block Diagram PROGRAMMING OF THE NANOROBOTS The nanorobots are to be programmed before it undergoes the process of working as tumour eliminators. For doing this, they make use of nanocontrollers or nanoprocessors. The nanoprcocessors are programmed to control the activation and deactivation of the peripheral devices.

MARKETING OF NANOROBOTS Like any other item that comes into the market and making its debut, even the nanorobot may cost much depending on the demand in the market and the price may fall down as the competition between the industries manufacturing the nanorobots increases. For example, the electronic goods especially the personal computer cost high when it entered the market and as the demand for the PCs raised, a number of companies came into existence to compete with the market demands. CONCLUSION Thereby the nanotechnology gives the way for the complete cure of the brain tumours. This technology not only finds a cure for brain tumours, but also for any other unwanted elements in the body like, kidney stones, cancer cells etc. Apart from medicine, it can also be well established in other fields of research and could also be used further for the better life of the people, not only in the field of medicine, but also in all other aspects. Nanotechnology thus holds tremendous potential to improve our quality of life in the near future by offering high performance devices in smaller dimension. Nanorobots will swim

Driller Arm

Propeller

Sensor

Control system of the nanorobot

Power System

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through the blood stream and treat medical conditions. Hence, The future of nanorobots is promising as the capabilities of technology increases. PROGRAMMING LOGIC (The nanorobots are injected inside the blood vessels) Set the current spot as the reference point. Activate the sensor. Activate the propeller. Navigate through the blood vessels. If the arm is free and if found any inactive nanorobot, grab it and go to reference point. If an obstacle (tumour) is found stop the navigation. Activate the driller. Perform drilling operation. Deactivate after drilling a portion. Activate the arm. Grab the tumour cell. Start navigating to the reference point. Thus the programming is done for the robots in a specific pattern with the help of the programming languages like LISP, C, C ++ paving the way for operation of the nanorobots. CONCLUSION Thereby the nanotechnology gives the way for the complete cure of the brain tumours. This technology not only finds a cure for brain tumours, but also for any other unwanted elements in the body like, kidney stones, cancer cells etc. Apart from medicine, it can also be well established in other fields of research and could also be used further for the better life of the people, not only in the field of medicine, but also in all other aspects. Nanotechnology thus holds tremendous potential to improve our quality of life in the near future by offering high performance devices in smaller dimension. Nanorobots will swim through the blood stream and treat medical conditions. Hence, the future of nanorobots is promising as the capabilities of technology increases. REFERENCES

[1] Drexler, K.E. (1981) Molecular engineering:

an approach to the development of general capabilities for molecular manipulation, Proc. National Academy of Sciences USA, 78, pp. 52758. [2] Drexler, K. E. (1986) Engines of creation, Doubleday [3] Fitzgerald, J.M. and Lewis, F.L. (1993) Evaluating the stewart platform for manufacturing, Robotics today, 6, pp. 1-3. [4] Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume II: Systems and Operations, 2004. In preparation. [5] Merkle, R.C. (1992) Self replicating systems and molecular manufacturing, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 45, pp. 407-413. [6] Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume II: Systems and Operations, 2004. In preparation. [7] Robert A. Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 1999 [8] Elizabeth Sprouse., How will nanobots help cure cancer, 2003 [9] www.understandingnano.com/medicine.html [10]www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid =20933.php [11] www.physorg.com/news162114549.html [12]cancer.stanford.edu/research/imaging/nanote chnology.html