Italian Verbs: Italian Present Tense Regular verbs Partire Finire (to leave) Parto Parti Parte Partiamo

Partite Partono (to finish) Finisco Finisci Finisce Finiamo Finite Finiscono

Parlare Pronouns I You Io Tu (to speak) Parlo Parli

Credere (to believe) Credo Credi Crede Crediamo Credete Credono

Essere (to be) Sono Sei Siamo Siete Sono

Irregular verbs Avere (to have) Ho Hai Ha Abbiamo Avete Hanno

He/She Lui/ lei Parla We You They Noi Voi Loro Parliamo Parlate Parlano

The table above shows all types of Italian verbs in the present tense, verbs ending with (~are, ~ere, ~ire, ~ire type two) plus irregular verbs. But when it comes to irregular verbs they should be memorized by heart, since they dont follow a logic rule. Note that irregular verbs are used very often, thats why you have to focus on them. Also note that the pronouns are optional to use, since you can understand the subject with the way a verb is conjugated, so for example: I speak can be either: io parlo, or simply parlo. Note that Lei can mean (she or you formal). Italian books usually use Egli/Ella for He/She and Essi/Esse for They. Italian Singular to Plural (Nouns & Adjectives) Italian nouns and adjectives are different than the English ones, The Italian noun and adjective take 4 forms, usually nouns & adjectives take o at the end of the singular masculine, and a for singular feminine, for plural masculine i, plural feminine take e. Italian Singular to Plural Singular feminine Plural masculine Piccola Piccoli Bambina Bambini

Small Child/ Children

Singular masculine Piccolo Bambino

Plural feminine Piccole Bambine

However, its not always the case, some nouns and adjectives ending with e for example only change to their plural, the feminine or masculine doesnt matter to them. Italian Singular to Plural Singular feminine Plural masculine Grande Grandi -Notte Ristoranti --

Big Restaurant Night Other exceptions are:

Singular masculine Grande Ristorante --

Plural feminine Grandi -Notti

Nouns and adjectives ending in ~co/~ca and ~go/~ga are spelt ~chi/~che and ~ghi/~ghe in the plural; these modifications are made simply to maintain the same sound in the plural as well as the singular. Singular masculine White Bianco Rich Ricco Mushroom Fungo Lines The definite Articles In Italian the English the is expressed in a more specific way. Italian Definite Articles Feminine Singular Plural la le [la donna (the woman) le donne (women)] lo gli (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z) [lo stato (the state) gli stati (the states)] l gli [used only before vowels luomo (the man) gli uomini (men)] The indefinite Articles Italian Indefinite Articles Feminine Singular Una (a woman = una donna) Un (used only before feminine nouns with a vowel, instead for masculine nouns with a vowel its used Un) example: (a friend = unamica) Feminine (a student = uno studente) (a friend = un amico) Masculine (a plane = un aereo) Masculine As you know, the indefinite article doesnt have plural in English, but in Italian there is a close way to express it, in English it is expressed by some A book books (no article) or some books. Un libro libri or dei libri (you will learn later how to use the form del) Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers: Italian Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers are simple and easy to learn: Italian Numbers 1 = Uno 2 = Due 11 = Undici 12 = Dodici Cardinal Numbers 21 = Ventuno 22 = Ventidue 87 = Ottantasette 98 = Novantotto Ordinal Numbers = Primo For ordinal numbers 2nd = Secondo after 10 you only need 1st l le [used only before vowels, lisola (the island) le isole (the islands)] Riga -Funghi Righe Ricca Ricchi -Singular feminine Bianca Plural masculine Bianchi Ricche Plural feminine Bianche

Masculine Singular Plural il i [il bambino (the child) i bambini (the children]

Masculine Singular

Un (a book = un libro) Uno (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z) example:

3 = Tre 4 = Quattro 5 = Cinque 6 = Sei 7 = Sette 8 = Otto 9 = Nove 10 = Dieci

13 = Tredici 14 = Quattordici 15 = Quindici 16 = Sedici 17 = Diciassette 18 = Diciotto 19 = Diciannove 20 = Venti

23 = Ventitre 30 = Trenta 31 = Trentuno 32 = Trentadue 43 = Quarantatre 54 = Cinquantaquattro 65 = Sessantacinque 76 = Settantasei

100 = Cento 1000 = Mille 2006 = Duemilasei

3rd = Terzo 4th = Quarto 5th = Quinto 6th = Sesto A number ending with a 7th = Settimo vowel + a number 8th = Ottavo starting with a vowel = 9th = Nono 1st one loses its vowel example: ventuno 21 10th = Decimo

to delete the last vowel and add~esimo. 11th = Undicesimo 12th = Dodicesimo 20th = Ventesimo

Telling the time in Italian Time in Italian Che ore sono? (what time is it?) 10:45 = Sono le undici meno un quarto 12:00 = Sono le dodici mezzogiorno = Its midday mezzanotte = Its midnight Note that all time expressions start with sono, except one and twelve oclock, they both start with .

01:00 = luna 02:00 = Sono le due 03:05 = Sono le tre e cinque 04:10 = Sono le quattro e dieci 05:15 = Sono le cinque e un quarto 06:20 = Sono le sei e venti 07:30 = Sono le sette e mezza/trenta

Writing training: write the same text I wrote about myself at the beginning of this page, but this time it should be about you. Speaking training: try to read the text you just wrote about yourself out loud, if you find any difficulty, take a look at the Italian alphabet table. The Italian Alphabet Italian Alphabet Aa as in the word ask and never as in the word able Bb same as in English Cc like tsh before i or e, otherwise like "k in Creole. Dd same as in English Ee as in elevated Ff same as in English Gg like the "dg", before i or e, otherwise like the "g" in "Good". Hh silent most of the time. Ii as in the word ink never as in the word island Jj as in Job, or the s of pleasure. Kk same as in English Ll same as in English Mm same as in English Nn same as in English Oo same as in English Old. Pp same as in English Qq same as in English Rr Spanish r Ss between vowels as z, and as s otherwise. Tt same as in English not as sharp. Uu as in the ultra, never as in the word up or university Vv same as in English Ww as in English, sometimes as v Xx same as in English

Yy same as in English although rare. Zz as in ts, or dz.

cc as tshee before i and e, or as kee elsewhere. ch like k as in kid. gg as in dgee before I and e, or as the gee in geese. gh like g in God gli as in gli gn like n in news qu like kw in quest sc like sh before i and e, or like k elsewhere. Note that J- K- W- X- Y appear mainly in foreign loan words. Some expressions to read and try to memorize: Italian Expressions Buon Anno Nuovo Dopo di lei Va bene / Tutto bene Tante buone cose! E tu? E lei? (polite) Ha/Hai/Avete fame/sete? Sei sicuro/a? A sua disposizione Buon Ferragosto Attento/a/i/e or Stai/state attento/i Sii felice (singolar) / Siate felici (plural) Faccia pure Sii forte / Sia forte (polite) Tanti auguri Grosso or Grande/ Piccolo Salute! Bravo/a/i/e Richiami pi tardi. Posso avere cinque chili di patate? Posso aiutarti?/ Posso aiutarla (polite)? Posso fumare qui? Potresti aiutarmi?/ potrebbe aiutarmi? (polite) Potresti ripetere per favore?/ Potrebbe ripetere per favore? (polite) Puoi parlare lentamente? Potrebbe parlare lentamente? (polite) nimo! Salute! nuvoloso Venga dentro Dai! / Su! Vieni con me!/ Venga con me! (polite) Congratulazioni!/ Felicitazioni Dannazione

A Happy New Year After you All right All the best! And You? Are you hungry/thirsty.? Are you sure? At your service August 15 wish Be careful Be happy Be my guest Be strong Best wishes Big/ Small Bless you (after sneezing) Bravo Call back later. Can I have five kilos of potatoes. Can I Help You? Can I smoke here? Can You Help Me? Can You Say It Again? Can You Speak Slowly? Cheer up! Cheers! Cloudy Come in Come on! Come With Me! Congratulations! Damn it

Dear Maria/Riccardo, (friendly) Dear Mr Giovanni, Did You Like It Here? Did you sleep well? Do as you please. Be my guest Do you like coffee? Do You Like It? Do you mind my... smoking? Do you need help? Do You Speak (English/ Italian)? Do your best Does it bother you if ...? Doesn't matter Don't mention it Don't Worry! Enjoy your vacation Enjoy! (For meals) Enough!

Cara/o Maria/Riccardo, ... Caro signor Giovanni, Ti piace qui? Ha/Hai/Avete dormito bene? Si accomodi, prego. E mio ospite Le/Ti/Vi piace il caff? Ti piace? Le spiace se... fumo? Ha/Hai bisogno di aiuto? Parli (inglese/italiano)?/ Parla (inglese/italiano)? (polite) Fai del tuo meglio Disturbo se ...? Fa lo stesso / Non importa Come non detto Non ti preoccupare! Buone vacanze Buon appetito! Basta!

talian Irregular Verbs (present tense) These are some common irregular verbs that you might come across very often: (stare, volere, sapere, potere, dare, fare, dovere, tenere, venire), please memorize them by heart, because they dont follow any regular rule and also because theyre used very often. Italian Irregular Verbs Dare Dovere Fare (to give) (to have to) (to do) Do Devo Faccio Dai D Devi Deve Dobbiamo Dovete Devono Fai Fa

Stare

Volere

Sapere (to know) So Sai Sa

Potere (can) Posso Puoi Pu

Tenere

Venire

Andare

Dire (to say) Dico Dici Dice

Io Tu Lui Noi Voi

(to be) (to want) Sto Voglio Stai Sta Vuoi Vuole

(to have) (to come) (to go) Tengo Vengo Vado Tieni Tiene Vieni Viene Vai Va

Stiamo Vogliamo Sappiamo Possiamo Diamo State Volete Sapete Sanno Potete Possono Date Danno

Facciamo Teniamo Veniamo Fate Fanno Tenete Venite

Andiamo Diciamo Andate Dite Dicono

Loro Stanno Vogliono

Tengono Vengono Vanno

The verb Stare means to be or to stay, and used a lot in many idiomatic expressions. -Come stai? (how are you?) -Sto bene, grazie (I'm fine, thanks). Stare is used also as a gerund referring to an action in progress: sto imparando litaliano. (Im learning Italian) Potere (to be able to, can), Dovere (to have to), Volere (to want) are modal verbs as well as irregular verbs. These are some examples of the verbs on the top: Sto leggendo il giornale (Im reading the newspaper) Voglio visitare Roma (I want to visit Rome)

Non lo so! (I dont know!) Posso aiutarti? (can I help you?) Noi vi diamo il libro gratis (we give you the book for free) Devi parlare in italiano. (you have to speak in Italian) Che fai oggi pomeriggio? (what are you doing this afternoon?) Tengo un libro in mano (I have a book in my hand) Vieni oggi Jennifer? (are you coming today Jennifer?) Oggi vado con la mia famiglia a mangiare fuori (today I go with my family to eat outside) Ti dico che sono daccordo con te (I tell you I agree with you) Italian Reflexive Verbs Italian reflexive verbs are used to express an action applied to oneself, I wash myself = io mi lavo Theyre easy to form, just place (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before the verb that is considered a reflexive verb. Io mi lavo (I wash myself), tu ti lavi (you wash yourself)... lui si lava, noi ci laviamo, voi si lavate, loro si lavano. Italian Reflexive Verbs are used more often than in English; sometimes you can use a reflexive verb in Italian but not in English: io mi chiamo Roberto = my name is Robert (literally I call myself Robert) Italian Direct Object (not after preposition): almost the same as the ones you just saw in the Italian reflexive verbs (mi, ti, lo/ la, ci, vi, le), the difference is in the blue font (3rd person singular and plural). Lui mi dice (he tells me), io ti dico (I tell you), io lo/ la vedo (I see him/her), lui ci dice (he tells us), io vi dico (I tell you all), lui le vede (he sees them) Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Speak7 and Maria, but this time you and an imaginary person, try to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes J Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a real conversation in the future. This table has some useful expression that might help you expend your knowledge of Italian: Italian Expressions Esattamente! ttimo! Scusami!/ Mi scusi! (polite) Permesso! Quattro, Cinque, Sei. Dammi questo! Sotto!/ Vai avanti!/ Vada avanti! Passi pure! Avanti! Vada dritto! Poi giri a sinistra/destra! Arrivederci!

Exactly! Excellent! Excuse Me ...! ( to ask for something) Excuse Me! ( to pass by) Four, Five, Six. Give Me This! Go ahead! Go on! Go Straight! Then Turn Left/ Right! Good Bye!

Good evening Good Luck! Good Morning! Good night Good Night & Sweet Dreams! Good/ Bad/ So-So. Good/ So-So. Goodbye Hands up! Happy Birthday! Happy Easter Happy Holidays! Happy New Year! Have a good holiday! Have a good stay Have a good time/ Enjoy yourself Have a good trip/ journey Hello! Hello, Bye Hello, who's this? Here is / Here are... Here You Go! (when giving something) Hey! Friend! Hey, you Hi! Hold On Please! (phone) How Are You? How boring! How do you feel? How Do You Say "Please" In Italian? How far is it to Milano (from here)? How long are you staying here? How long have you been here? How Much Is This? How Old Are You? How's going? Hurry Up! I beg your pardon. Sorry. I Don't Know! I don't remember

Buonasera Buona fortuna! Buongiorno! Buonanotte Buona notte e sogni d'oro! Buono/ Cattivo/ Cos e cos Bene/ cos e cos. Arrivederci Mani in alto! Buon compleanno! Buona Pasqua Buone feste! / buone vacanze! Felice anno nuovo!/ Buon Capodanno Buona vacanza! Buona permanenza Buon divertimento! / Divertiti! Buon viaggio. Pronto! Ciao Pronto, chi parla? Ecco... Eccolo! Ciao! Amico! Ehi l / ehi tu Ciao! Attenda prego! (al telefono) Come stai?/ Come state (polite)? Che barba! Che noia! Come si sente? Come dite please in italiano? Please = Per favore Quanto dista Milano (da qui)? Per quanto tempo si ferma/ti fermi/vi fermate qui? Da quanto tempo /sei/siete qui? Quanto costa questo? Quanti anni hai? Come va?/ Come te la passi? Sbrigati!/ Faccia presto! Le chiedo scusa. Mi dispiace /Scusi Non lo so! Non ricordo.