nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram.

[Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge[obs3]; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale. [Science of gravity] statics. V. be heavy &c. adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. [Measure the weight of] weigh, poise. Adj. weighty; weighing &c. v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish[obs3], lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive. incumbent, superincumbent[obs3]. #320. Levity. N. levity; lightness &c. adj.; imponderability, buoyancy, volatility. feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air. leaven, ferment, barm[obs3], yeast. lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon. convection, thermal draft, thermal. V. be light &c. adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up. render light &c. adj.; lighten, leaven. Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous[obs3], imponderable; astatic[obs3], weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose[obs3], suberous[obs3]; uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c. v.; portable. light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon. % Section II. INORGANIC MATTER 1. Solid Matter % #321. Density.. N. density, solidity; solidness &c. adj.; impenetrability, imper meability; incompressibility; imporosity[obs3]; cohesion &c. 46; constipation, c onsistence, spissitude|. specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer[obs3]. condensa tion; caseation[obs3]; solidation[obs3], solidification; consolidation; concreti on, coagulation; petrification &c. (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitati on; deposit, precipitate; inspissation[obs3]; gelation, thickening &c. v. indivi sibility, indiscerptibility[obs3], insolubility, indissolvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum|; legumin[obs3]. superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star. V. be d ense &c. adj.; become solid, render solid &c. adj.; solidify, solidate[obs3]; co ncrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c. ( harden) 323. condense, thicken, gel, inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; compres s, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. dense, solid; solidified &c. v.; caseous; pukka[obs3]; coherent, cohesive &c. 46; compact, close, serried, thickset; subs tantial, massive, lumpish[obs3]; impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous[ obs3]; incompressible; constipated; concrete &c. (hard) 323; knotted, knotty; gn arled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous|, stuffy. undissolved, unmelt ed[obs3], unliquefied[obs3], unthawed[obs3]. indivisible, indiscerptible[obs3], infrangible[obs3], indissolvable[obs3], indissoluble, insoluble, infusible. #322. Rarity. N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c. 321; subtility[obs3]; subtilty[obs3], subtlety; sponginess, compressibility. rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization[obs3]. vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification[obs3]. ether &c. (gas) 334. V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize[obs3]. Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight;

light &c. 320; cavernous, spongy &c. (hollow) 252. rarefied &c. v.; unsubstantial; uncompact[obs3], incompressed[obs3]; rarefiable[obs3]. < p. 96 > #323. Hardness. N. hardness &c. adj.; rigidity; renitence[obs3], renitency; infl exibility, temper, callosity, durity [obs3]. induration, petrifaction; lapidific ation[obs3], lapidescence[obs3]; vitrification, ossification; crystallization. s tone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adama nt; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, ste el; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. V . render hard &c. adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitr ify; accrust[obs3]. Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; s tark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; g ritty, proof. adamant, adamantine, adamantean[obs3]; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic[obs3], vitreous; horny, corneous[obs3]; bony; osseous, ossific [obs3]; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c. n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker ; stiff as starch, stiff as a board. #324. Softness. N. softness, pliableness &c. adj.; flexibility; pliancy, pliability; sequacity[obs3], malleability; ductility, tractility[obs3]; extendibility, extensibility; plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity. penetrability. clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow, feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam. mollification; softening &c.v. V. render -soft &c. adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper; mash, knead, squash. bend, yield, relent, relax, give. plasticize'. Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile[obs3], tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious[obs3], inelastic; aluminous[obs3]; remollient[obs3]. yielding &c. v.; flabby, limp, flimsy. doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony[obs3]. flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous[obs3], medullary[Anat], argillaceous, mellow. soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken. #325. Elasticity. N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, buoyancy. rubber, India(n) rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic, baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna-S, plastic. flexibility, Young's modulus. V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c. adj.; bounce, spring back &c. (recoil) 277. Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, resilient, renitent, buoyant; ductile, stretchable, extendable. Phr. the stress is proportional to the strain. #326. Inelasticity. N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity &c. 325; inelasticity &c. (softness) 324, Adj. unyielding, inelastic, inflexible &c. (soft) 324;

irresilient[obs3]. #327. Tenacity. N. {ant. 328} tenacity, toughness, strength; (cohesion) 46; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion) 46; sequacity[obs3]; stubbornness &c. (obstinacy); glue, cement, glutinousness[obs3], sequaciousness[obs3], viscidity, (semiliquidity) 352. leather; white leather, whitleather[obs3]; gristle, cartilage. unbreakability, tensile strength. V. be tenacious &c. adj.; resist fracture. grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) 46. Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resisting, sequacious[obs3], stringy, gristly cartilaginous, leathery, coriaceous[obs3], tough as whitleather[obs3]; stubborn &c. (obstinate) 606. unbreakable, indivisible; atomic. #328. Brittleness. N. {ant. 327} brittleness &c. adj.; fragility, friability, fr angibility, fissibility[obs3]; house of cards, house of glass. V. be brittle &c. adj.; live in a glass house. break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crumb le, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to, crumble into dust. Adj. brittle, brash [U.S.], breakable, weak, frangible, fragile, frail, gi mcrack|, shivery, fissile; splitting &c. v.; lacerable[obs3], splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass. #329. [Structure.] Texture. N. structure (form) 240, organization, anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework, carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage. substance, stuff, compages[obs3], parenchyma[Biol]; constitution, staple, organism. [Science of structures] organography[obs3], osteology, myology, splanchnology[obs3], neurology, angiography[obs3], adeology[obs3]; angiography[obs3], adenography[obs3]. texture, surface texture; intertexture[obs3], contexture[obs3]; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap &c. (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness) 255; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods. silk, satin; muslin, burlap. [Science of textures] histology. Adj. structural, organic; anatomic, anatomical. textural, textile; fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun. rough, gritty; smooth. smooth as silk, smooth as satin. < p. 97 > #330. Pulverulence. N. powderiness[obs3][State of powder.], pulverulence[obs3]; sandiness &c. adj.; efflorescence; friability. powder, dust, sand, shingle; sawd ust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina, rice, paddy, spore, sporule[obs3]; crumb, seed, grain; particle &c. (smallness) 32; limature|, filings, debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs[obs3], magistery[obs3], fine powder; flocculi[Lat]. smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of s moke; sand storm, dust storm. [Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution[o bs3], attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction[obs3], contusion, trit uration[Chem], levigation[obs3], abrasion, detrition, multure[obs3]; limitation; tripsis[obs3]; filing &c.v.. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, arrastra[obs 3], gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grin der, grindstone, kern[obs3], quern[obs3], koniology[obs3]. V. come to dust; be d

isintegrated, be reduced to powder &c. reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulver ize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate[obs3]; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund[obs3]; beat, cru sh, cranch[obs3], craunch[obs3], crunch, scranch[obs3], crumble, disintegrate; a ttenuate &c. 195. Adj. powdery, pulverulent[obs3], granular, mealy, floury, fari naceous, branny[obs3], furfuraceous[obs3], flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous[ob s3], psammous[obs3]; arenose[obs3], arenarious[obs3], arenaceous[obs3]; gritty, efflorescent, impalpable; lentiginous[obs3], lepidote[obs3], sabuline[obs3]; spo raceous[obs3], sporous[obs3]. pulverizable; friable, crumbly, shivery; pulverize d &c. v.; attrite[obs3]; in pieces. #331. Friction. N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping &c. v.; confrication|, detrition, contrition|, affriction[obs3], abrasion, arrosion|, limature|, frication[obs3], rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c. 256. rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction. V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind &c. (reduce to powder) 330. set one's teeth on edge; rosin. Adj. anatriptic[obs3]; attrite[obs3]. #332. [Absence of friction. Prevention of friction.] Lubrication. N. smoothness &c. 255; unctuousness &c. 355. lubrication, lubrification[obs3]; anointment; oiling &c. v. synovia[Anat]; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease &c. 356; saliva; lather. teflon. V. lubricate, lubricitate|; oil, grease, lather, soap; wax. Adj. lubricated &c. v.; lubricous. % 2. FLUID MATTER Fluids in General % #333. Fluidity. N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c. adj[obs3].; gaseity &c. 334[obs3]. fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity[obs3], gravy, rheum, ichor[obs3], sanies[obs3]; chyle[Med]. solubility, solubleness[obs3]. [Science of liquids at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics. V. be fluid &c. adj.; flow &c. (water in motion) 348; liquefy, melt, condense &c. 335. Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy; ichorous[obs3]; fluent &c. (flowing) 348. liquefied &c. 335; uncongealed; soluble. #334. Gaseity. N. gaseity[obs3]; vaporousness &c. adj.; flatulence, flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification. elastic fluid, gas, air, vapor, ether, steam, essence, fume, reek, effluvium, flatus; cloud &c. 353; ammonia, ammoniacal gas[obs3]; volatile alkali; vacuum, partial vacuum. [Science of elastic fluids] pneumatics, pneumatostatics[obs3]; aerostatics[obs3], aerodynamics. gasmeter[obs3], gasometer[obs3]; air bladder, swimming bladder, sound (of a fish). V. vaporize, evaporate, evanesce, gasify, emit vapor &c. 336; diffuse. Adj. gaseous, aeriform[obs3], ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous,

volatile, evaporable[obs3], flatulent. < p. 98 > #335. Liquefaction. N. liquefaction; liquescence[obs3], liquescency[obs3]; melti ng &c. (heat) 384; colliquation|, colliquefaction|; thaw; liquation|, deliquatio n|, deliquescence; lixiviation[obs3], dissolution. solution, apozem[obs3], lixiv ium[obs3], infusion, flux. solvent, menstruum, alkahest[obs3]. V. render liquid &c. 333; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c. (heat) 384; solve; dissolve, resolve ; liquate|; hold in solution; condense, precipitate, rain. Adj. liquefied &c. v. , liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative[obs3]. #336. Vaporization. N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification, evaporation, vaporation[obs3]; distillation, cupellation[Chem], cohobation, sublimination[obs3], exhalation; volatility. vaporizer, still, retort; fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride of sodium|!. mister, spray. bubble, effervescence. V. render -gaseous &c. 334; vaporize, volatilize; distill, sublime; evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume, reek, steam, fumigate; cohobate[obs3]; finestill[obs3]. bubble, sparge, effervesce, boil. Adj. volatilized &c. v.; reeking &c. v.; volatile; evaporable[obs3], vaporizable. bubbly, effervescent, boiling. % Specific Fluids % #337. Water. N. water; serum, serosity[obs3]; lymph; rheum; diluent; agua[Sp], a qua, pani[obs3]. dilution, maceration, lotion; washing &c. v.; immersion|, humec tation[obs3], infiltration, spargefaction|, affusion[obs3], irrigation, douche, balneation[obs3], bath. deluge &c. (water in motion) 348; high water, flood tide . V. be watery &c. adj.; reek. add water, water, wet; moisten &c. 339; dilute, d ip, immerse; merge; immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse[obs3], splash, swash, dous e, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe, inject, g argle. Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic, hydrous, lymphatic; balneal[obs3], diluent ; drenching &c. v.; diluted &c. v.; weak; wet &c. (moist) 339. Phr. the waters a re out. #338. Air. N. air &c. (gas) 334; common air, atmospheric air; atmosphere; aerosphere[obs3]. open air; sky, welkin; blue sky; cloud &c. 353. weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer, isobar. [Science of air] aerology, aerometry[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3], aerography[obs3]; meteorology, climatology; pneumatics; eudioscope[obs3], baroscope[obs3], aeroscope[obs3], eudiometer[obs3],