H.-G. Ryu et al.

: Dummy Sequence Insertion (DSI) for PAPR Reduction in the OFDM Communication System
Contributed Paper
Manuscript received November 11, 2003 0098 3063/04/$20.00 2004 IEEE
89
Dummy Sequence Insertion (DSI) for PAPR Reduction
in the OFDM Communication System
Heung-Gyoon Ryu, Member, IEEE, Jae-Eun Lee and Jin-Soo Park, Member, IEEE

Abstract OFDM communications system is very
useful for the high data rate transmission. However, power
efficiency of HPA (high power amplifier) is very poor, since
there should be a large back-off because of the high PAPR
(peak-to-average power ratio) of the OFDM signal.
Otherwise, OFDM signal may be distorted by the nonlinear
HPA. In this paper, we propose a DSI (dummy sequence
insertion) method for PAPR reduction. The complementary
sequence and the combination of the correlation sequence
belong to the dummy sequence. Flipping technique can be
combined into DSI method to effectively lower the PAPR
reduction. Also, PAPR threshold technique escalates the
processing speed. Unlike the conventional PTS (partial
transmit sequence) and SLM (selected mapping) methods,
the specified dummy sequence is inserted only for PAPR
reduction and any kind of side information is not necessary.
So, BER of the DSI method is independent of the error in
the dummy data sequence. Although the DSI method is not
better than the conventional PTS and block coding methods
with respect to the PAPR reduction performance, the DSI
method improves the BER performance than the
conventional PTS and is even more spectrally efficient than
the conventional block coding for PAPR reduction.

Index Terms: OFDM, HPA, PAPR reduction and
DSI (dummy sequence insertion )

. INTRODUCTION
OFDM (orthogonal frequency division modulation)
system has been adopted as standard for the DAB/DVB
(digital audio/video broadcasting) system, wireless LAN
(IEEE802.11x and HyperLAN II), xDSL, due to the
robustness to the ISI (inter symbol interference) and
multipath fading. However, OFDM signal has high PAPR
(peak-to-average power ratio) to make the power efficiency
and system performance poor. So, LPA (linear power
amplifier) or large back-off should be necessary to protect
the nonlinear distortion from the nonlinear HPA(high power
amplifier). However, these methods are not effective with
respect to the cost and power efficiency.


1
Heung-Gyoon Ryu and Jae-Eun Lee are with the Department of
Electronic Engineering, Chungbuk National University, San 48 Kaesin-
dong, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of KOREA (e-mail:
ecomm@cbu.ac.kr, jaeeun2@hanmail.net ).
Jin-Soo Park is with Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering,
Chongju University, 36 Naedok-Dong , Cheongju, Chungbuk, 360-764,
Republic of Korea (e-mail: parkjs@chongju.ac.kr).
So, many methods have been proposed to solve this high
PAPR problem: clipping method [1], block coding method
[2-3], SLM (selected mapping) method [4] and PTS (partial
transmit sequence) method [5-7]. At first, clipping is a very
simple method to reduce PAPR [1]. This can lower the
PAPR easily by cutting away the signal above the assigned
clip level. Out-of-band radiation and in-band distortion
appear so that the signal quality becomes poor. The second
one is a block coding method to keep the PAPR below 3dB
by orthogonal sequence [2]. It has been used in Magic
WAND (wireless ATM network demonstrator) system
because it does not degrade the OFDM signal and shows an
additional coding effect. However, the code rate and
bandwidth efficiency are very low. Also, computation is
exponentially increased with the number of subcarriers.
Thirdly, SLM and PTS are the phase control method to
reduce PAPR [3,4]. SLM multiplies an OFDM data by
several phase sequences in parallel and selects the data
sequence of the lowest PAPR among them. PTS divides the
input OFDM data into several clusters and phase rotation
factors (or combining sequences) are multiplied to get the
low PAPR signal. Although these two methods can reduce
PAPR effectively without any signal distortion, the side
information about the phase rotation should be transmitted
to the receiver. Overall BER performance may be degraded
if there may be error in the side information. Furthermore,
system complexity considerably goes up because of
many IFFT (inverse fast Fourier transform) stages and the
long phase optimization processes.
We present a DSI(dummy sequence insertion) method. It
is more spectrally efficient than the block coding method
and is very simple than PTS and SLM method. In this DSI
method, dummy sequence is added into the input data for
the PAPR reduction before the IFFT stage. Complimentary
sequence, correlation sequence and other specific sequence
may be used as the dummy sequence that does not work as
the side information unlike the PTS and SLM methods. So,
DSI has better BER performance than the PTS and SLM
since there is no degradation from the side information
error. PAPR threshold technique is combined into this DSI
method. If the PAPR of IFFT output is lower than a certain
prescribed PAPR threshold level, the IFFT output data is
transmitted. Otherwise, dummy sequence is inserted to
lower the PAPR. This technique escalates the processing
speed. We introduce the 4 kinds of DSI method according
to the dummy sequences. CCDF(complimentary cumulative
distribution function) property for PAPR reduction and the
BER performance are studied in the nonlinear HPA.

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