013 WCDMA Access Problems Analysis

Internal
OWJ200203 WCDMA Access Problems Analysis

ISSUE 1.0
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Access is associated with the call setup success rate of the network. This KPI can be optimized by means of Call setup test and the consequent troubleshooting based on access failure analysis.
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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Be familiar with the access procedure in UMTS Do analysis on access problems
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Chapter 1 Analysis Flow of Access Failure Chapter 2 The Adjust Methods for Access Failure Chapter 3 Typical access failure cases
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Chapter 1 Analysis Flow of Access Failure Section 1 The definitions about Access Failure Section 2 The drive test data analysis flow Section 3 The call statistic data analysis flow
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The definitions of access failure

Access failure definitions
It will be considered as access failure if any following conditions satisfied after RRC connection request initialed by UE
UE transmits or receives RRC Connection Release message after receiving RRC Connection setup UE receives any BCCH message in the call setup process Timer expired, which means UE does not receive RRC Connection setup in 3 seconds after RRC connection request is transmitted.
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Receive RRC Connection Reject message

Random access procedure failure UE does not transmit RRC Connection Request message after dialing RRC Connection Setup message is not received by UE UE does not receive RRC connection setup message after RRC connection request message is transmitted. RRC Connection Setup Complete message is not transmitted by UE UE receives RRC Connection Reject message UE does not receive measurement control message after transmitting RRC Connection Setup Complete message UE does not transmit CM service request message after measurement control message is received.
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UE receives Service Request Reject message UE does not receive Call Proceeding message after transmitting CM service request message UE does not receive RB Setup message after receiving Call proceeding message UE does not transmit RB setup complete message after receiving RB setup message UE does not receive Alert or Connect after transmitting RB setup message UE does not transmit Connect Acknowledge message after receiving Alert or connect message
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The drive test data analysis flow

Sub-flows about DT data analysis Sub-
Data analysis flow
Paging problems analysis flow
RRC connection request problems analysis flow
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Data analysis flow
Analysis drive test data
Call Fail?
Y
Calling failure?
Y
Received paging
Paging problems
RRC connection setup failure?

N
RRC setup problems
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Data analysis flow
N
Is ciphering or authentication failure?

N
Ciphering or authentication problems
RAB failure?
N
setup
RAB or RB setup problems
Due handover
to
Refer to call drop due to handover
Abnormal problems
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Data analysis flow
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Paging problems After finishing RAB assignment and call setup process (NAS), UE received Disconnect message from CN instead of Alerting message The causes of paging problem have following types: RNC does not transmit paging message Too lower power allocated for PRACH or PICH Cell reselection problems
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Paging problem RNC transmit page? Y UE receive page N Power too low ?
N N
Equipment abnormal problem
Adjust power according coverage Optimize cell reselect parameters Abnormal problem
to
Cell reselection problem ?
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RNC does not transmit paging message RNC has received the paging message but does not transmit paging message through Uu interface. The reasons could be: Capacity of paging channel is not enough Abnormal problem could happen in equipment. Power allocation PRACH or PICH are too low UE does not receive paging message if RNC has transmitted. The interference is too high comparatively, which result in the poor receiving signal quality of PRACH or PICH if Ec/Io of PCPICH. In this case, higher power can be allocated to these two channels It could also be the bad coverage if Ec/Io of PCPICH is too poor
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Cell reselection UE can not reselect to better cell in time The cell reselection from 3G to 2G can also be the reason by the reselection between two LAs.
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Data analysis flow
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RRC connection problems analysis flow
RRC connection setup process includes following steps: UE transmits RRC Connection Request by RACH RNC transmits RRC Connection Setup by FACH UE transmits RRC Connection Setup CMP by DCH The reasons for RRC setup failure could be : Uplink RACH problem Power allocation for Downlink FACH Cell reselection parameters Low initial power of downlink DPCH Uplink power control Congestion problem Equipment abnormal problem

RRC setup problem
Does UE transmit RRC connection request?
UE abnormal problem
Does RNC receive RRC connection request?

Y
adjust PRACH parameters
Does RNC transmit RRC connection setup?

Y
Other problem
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10

Y
Does UE receive RRC connection setup
Does cell reselection happen?

Y
Adjust FACH power
Optimize cell reselection parameters
Does UE transmit RRC connection setup complete

Y
Adjust downlink initial transmit power parameter
Does RNC receive RRC connection setup complete

Y
Adjust uplink DPCCH open loop power control parameter
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The possible reasons for RRC connection establishment failure: RACH Usually, it could be the problem on RACH if the RNC does not receive RRC Connection Request message. Meanwhile, the Ec/Io of CPICH is normal The cell reselection parameters The improper parameters setting could result in that UE can not stay in the best cell to initiate the access procedure Lower power allocation for initial transmission power of downlink DPCH The insufficient power of DPCH can cause the out of synchronization. Uplink initial transmission power The initial transmission power of PRACH The initial transmission power of uplink DPCH
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RRC connection
UE Node B Serving RNS
1. CCCH : RRC Connection Request RRC RRC Allocate RNTI Select L1 and L2 parameters 2. Radio Link Setup Request NBAP Start RX description 3. Radio Link Setup Response NBAP NBAP NBAP
Serving RNC
4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup 5. Downlink Synchronisation 6. Uplink Synchronisation
DCH - FP DCH - FP Start TX description
DCH - FP DCH - FP
7. CCCH : RRC Connection Set up RRC 8. Radio Link Restore Indication NBAP 9. DCCH : RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC NBAP
RRC
RRC
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The call statistic data analysis flow

Check RAB setup success rate and RRC setup success rate in traffic statistics data Get familiar with the network operating situation, and then position the specific area for the problems The RRC/RAB setup success rate are calculated by the following formulas:
Number of RRCs set up in all four QoS s ervices 100 % Number of RRC reques ts in all four QoS s ervices Number of RABs set up in all four QoS s ervices RABSetupSu ccRate = 100 % Number of RAB reques ts in all four QoS s ervices RRCSetupSu ccRate =
CallSetupS uccRate = RRCSetupSu ccRate RABSetupSu ccRate 100 %
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Call Statistic Data Analysis Flow chart
Analysis access indices in RNC call statistic data
Analysis access index about cell
Check system alarm

N
Solve problem of equipment abnormal
RRC setup success rate is too low

N
Solve problem of RRC setup failure
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Call Statistic Data Analysis Flow chart
N
RAB setup success rate is too low

N
Solve problem of RAB setup failure
RB setup success rate is too low

N
Solve problem of RB setup failure
paging success rate is too low
Solve problem of paging failure

Y
over
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Chapter 2 The Adjust Methods for Access Failure Section 1 project parameters Section 2 cell parameters
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Project parameters
Project parameters main include antenna azimuth, antenna tilt, antenna gain, antenna direction,etc.
In general, project parameters can be adjusted only in poor coverage condition.
The influence on the original coverage quality has to be considered when adjusting the project parameters.
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Chapter 2 The Adjust Methods for Access Failure Section 1 project parameters Section 2 cell parameters
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Cell parameters
Physical channels parameters
Transmission power of FACH, PCH and PICH In the edge of cell, UE can not receive the signaling or service correctly if the transmission power is too low. But on the contrary, higher transmission power can increase the interference, which can result in the decline of adjacent cells capacity Transmission power of AICH In the edge of cell, UE can not receive the AI if the power is too low PRACH The maximum times of retransmission for preamble The power ramping step The power offset between preamble and message
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Cell parameters
Cell reselection parameters
Qhyst: This parameter is use to avoid ping-pang cell reselection in the cell edge. Ping-pang cell reselection will cause signaling load increase and waste power of UE because of frequent cell reselection, LA update or URA update. The parameter value is related to local slowing fade characteristics. Treselections The duration time that target cell signal quality is better than current camp cell is longer than Treselections. The cell will be selected to the camping cell. The parameter is use to avoid ping-pang cell reselection
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Cell parameters
Cell reselection parameters
Sintrasearch Sintrasearch is the threshold for intra-frequency cells measurement. When the RSCP of current cell is less than Qrxlevmin+2Sintrasearch, the measurement will be initiated. It will influence on the rapidity of cell reselection, and then the access success rate. This value could be set as great as possible if the UE battery is not a problem
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Typical Access Failure Cases

Paging problems
Inappropriate Setting for the power of PCH and PICH UE cant receive paging message correctly when PICH and PCH power are too low. The power could be increased with the poor network coverage The paging message is being transmitted while UE is doing LA update It mainly happens the procedure of inter-system cell reselection. UE leaves the network without detach procedure CN does not receive the LA update from UE periodically UE is out of service area for a long time Inappropriate operation, such as unplug battery of UE directly, or SIM card directly
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Cell reselection problem
UE transmitted RRC Connection Request message twice in different cells And the interval between them is 1.2s

Cell reselection problem
Reasons UE did not initiate the reselection in time Solution methods The Tselections could be minimized, but the default value is already the minimum. Minimize the Qhyst2 value, but the reselection is still not in time. On the contrary, the ping-pong cell reselection happened Do not modify Qhyst2, but increase the Sintrasearch value. Since the measurement is initiated earlier, the reselection can happed earlier too.
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RRC connection problems
The calling success rate and called success rate are greater than 97% from KPI, but RRC establishment success rate is about 94% from traffic statistic After analysis, the RRC Connection Request retransmission is the result of following reasons:
The area with good downlink coverage RNC can not receive the RRC Connection Request message from UE in uplink UE can not receive RRC Connection Setup from RNC in downlink After cell reselection, UE retransmits the RRC Connection Request in new cell Cell phone abnormal Other reasons UE dose not transmit RRC Connection Request after receiving paging
The area with poor downlink coverage After UE transmits RRC Connection Request message, the cell quality decreased sharply, and UE has to do cell reselection immediately
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RRC connection problems
Solution Adjust the maximum preamble retransmission times from 8 to 20 Increase the transmission power of PRACH and FACH Experimental conclusion The error of initial preamble transmission power, which is calculated by the open loop power control, could be +/-9dB, or even +/-12dB The preamble power climbing step is 2dB, and the error could be +/-1.5dB If the outside interference is higher 10dB, enough margin should be given for the preamble transmission power Increase the FACH power from the default value -1dB to +1dB Increase the access success rate in the condition that Ec/Io is -14dB
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RAB or RB establishment problems
Establishment request is refused The register information in HLR is not identical with the service request The request is beyond the ability of UE If the service request is beyond the ability of UE, SGSN will renegotiate QoS to initiate a new RAB assignment again till the ability of UE can satisfy the QoS. Usually, the maximum data rate is same as the maximum ability of UE If the maximum ability of UE still can not support the QoS, the RAB establishment is failed.
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Handover problems
Handover can also happen in the process from RRC Connection complete to RAB assignment complete or RB establishment complete
The following figure is the RNC signaling trace for single UE
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Handover problems
Cell signaling strength record
From the record, the strength of cell 121 decreased sharply. Meanwhile, RNC transmitted ActiveSet Update. But UE can not receive it To solve this problem, the handover parameters should be adjusted to make it happen earlier
Thank You
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013 WCDMA Access Problems Analysis

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OWJ200203 WCDMA Access Problems Analysis

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The definitions of access failure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

Receive RRC Connection Reject message

The definitions of access failure

The definitions of access failure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The drive test data analysis flow

Data analysis flow

Paging problems analysis flow

RRC connection request problems analysis flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

The drive test data analysis flow

RRC connection setup failure?

RRC setup problems

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The drive test data analysis flow

Is ciphering or authentication failure?

Ciphering or authentication problems

RAB or RB setup problems

Refer to call drop due to handover

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

The drive test data analysis flow

Data analysis flow

Paging problems analysis flow

RRC connection request problems analysis flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The drive test data analysis flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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HUAWEI Mexico Training Center

The drive test data analysis flow

Equipment abnormal problem

Cell reselection problem ?

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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The drive test data analysis flow

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.