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rvlaunclo, aged 11 (Brazil) My. d d , he decided he just Want to stay here one yal, because the plobiem is we don,t have a nanny here. In BTazil we had a lot othem. on the jn canb dge. I usually tjdy up the house :le.:: wrln my mum and brothers and dad, and then go to ead or play Video games. In BIaz vve didn,t do anfihing at the house. people did. Nannies. ,,

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-Lnza, aged 16 (Ivory Coast) In fdca, if you see anyone Walking around, you just say hello. But lrl Engiand il vou see anyone ano say hello. they wilt nol say heuo -back. They have to geL Lo know you properly. When I alrived here I was sayrng hello to everybody but they wasn't answering me back so I stopped. I tell myself there,s no big dea-lme saying it again.

Amna, aged 15 (Bafuain) My'school'S rey Tiendly' It's easy to nnd somebody in common because ol the diV I sity oI the people and ]e nat]onalities' eople are accepting Witfun this whole cily' ] gtuessbecause evelyone movs m and out of nfele'an.d iL's fi]led With people om soTLS ...r even neal labic a jot aIound 'vr.PEUe5. rms area and it mal{es me feel that I,m stili connected with my culture, and at the same trme I'm learning about other cultures ),

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aa' aged 12 (Macedonja) I just wonder if English children need to learn to be more kee. to go out, to be more kld li]{e.Because sometimes T get kind of tired of shopping oecause it's a bit gown up' ] stil] Want to live the life f a little chitd, play hide and seek and stuff like that. :,..]!

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aspectsof memory. talking aboutdiferent b f.ID Listen to five peop[e '] w M a t c he a c hp e r o n i t ho n e o f t h e i m a g e si n 2 a . 2 D o e se a c hp e r s o nh a v ea g o o do r a b a dm e m o r y ? c fiID 1 2 3 4 5 Listen againand correctthese statementsabouteach speaker. h y L i a m r e c a t [ w h e r eh e i s i m m e d l a t e la n d a t w a y s a s a g o o dv i s u a lm e m o r y . s p o c k e t s e f o r e e a v i n g h e h o u s eb e c a u s e h e d o e s nt s l t b J a n e d o e s nt c h e c kh e r h a v et i m e . t O l . g a e e p st h e p a s s w o r d isn h e r h e a db u tf o r g e t s h e me a s i t y . k g o o df o r h i s a g e ,e s p e c i a l l w h e ni t c o m e st o n u m b e r s . y U r i s m e m o r yi s v e r y o n T i n ac a n ' tr e m e m b e r a m e so f a n y t h i n g r a n y o n e .

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that those recoections may be realas falryta Leading es. psycho ogist Loftus, of the University of believes memofies Tnore your are to be drean'l-like feconstructions of toldbyyourparents. Whenwe thtnk reminiscing, areslmply'rewriting' we suitourse Sheadds:"Our ves. expectations past knowedge and in thefillng-ln process, eading of what we remember.' She thereis no evidence that perf-"ct arestored indlvidua by s. events happened them that to Oneofthese madeup was tripwhentheywerefive,in got lostandwerefescued by Later, somepartlcipants event detai, in wlthself emotion. coud argue You genuine ml9ht have y Ina snopat somepoint ButLoftusatercarrled iies where fakeevent the a vicious animal, being or
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d R e a dt h e a r t i c t e g a i n . a 1 2 3 4 W h yd o w e c h o o s e o r e w r i t e u r m e m o r i e s ' ? t o W h a tw o u L d o us a y i s t h e f i t t i n g - i p r o c e s s y n ? W h a td o t h e a n e c d o t e a b o u t h e s h o p p j n gr i pa n d w e d d i n g e v e a t ? s t t r H o wa r et h e s e i n d i n qs h o w nt o b e i m p o r 1 a n i t a t e rt i f e ? jn s I

4 a L o o ka t t h e a r t i c l e . W h a ts y n o n y m s y o uf i n df o r r e m e m b e r n d m e m o r y ? c a H o W r e t h e yd i f e r e nn m e a n j n g ? a it .0ne 4 0 - y e a r - o t a n d i s t i n c t t m e m b e r s . . .' d y W h a to t h e ra d v e r b s o u t d o t t o c a tw i t hr e m e m b e r ? c c e bLookatthescriptfor1.2onp14.Exptaintheexpressionsinboldusinqremember'

Discussthesequestions. 1 ? 3 4 D oy o uh a v ea c t e a ri d e ao f y o u re a r t i e s m e m o r y ? t W h a t o y o ut h i n k l m i g h b e " d i I t h i n kt h l s m e m o r yi s y o u ro w n ,o Tw a s i t t o t dt o y o u b yf a m i t y r f r i e n d s ? o P: V": W h yd o y o ut h i n kt h i s m e m o r y t a y e d ? o wd i dy o uf e e i a b o u w n a th a p p e n e d ? s H t D oy o ua g r e et h a tw e t e n dt o d i s t o r t u r e a r t i e s m e m o r i e s ? o t

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t W h a ti m a g e so f c h i | ' d h o o d e st h e do p h o t ob r i n gt o m i n d ? b W h i c hm o m e n t s a n y o u m o s te a s i l y c r e c a I f r o my o u rc h i t d h o o d ? h o t i d a y/ j o u r n e y s s movrg house n you grandparents r a n e ws c n o o t y o u rb e s tf r i e n d r a p a r t i c u l ad a y/ p l a c e e W h a th e t p st r i g g e rt h a tm e m o r y l a n i m a g e ?a f e e l i n g ? s m e t l ? a 2 a r l D L i s t e nt o A n d r e w J u t i aa n d , B e n d e s c r i b i n gh e i rm e m o r i e s . t W h i c ht o p i c si n 1 b d o t h e yt a t ka b o u t ? 'picture' b r ] l D L i s t e na g a i n . r y t o T t h e s c e n e st h e s p e a k e r s e s c r i b e . d T 2 3 I W h a ti m a g e ss t a n do u t ?M a k en o t e s . W h a tf e e t i n g o r m o o d sa r e a s s o c i a t ew i t he a c hd e s c r i p t i o nN o t ea d j e c t i v e s s d ? a n dn o u s . n W h yi s l h e m e n o r Vs l i I ls i g r i i c a o . a c hs p e a k e r ? nt e

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. f o c u s i n o n t i m ea n dp t a c e . g d e s c r i b i n g a c k g r o u n/ p a r t i c i p a n t s . b d " . retating sequence fevents. a o " g i v i n ga n e v a | . u a t i o n . l, You can use differentexpressions structureyour memory"Comptete to the gaps. F o c u s i n g n t i m ea n d p t a c e o 1 I remember l w a s t i t t t e. . . " 2 Iremember t o t h e b e a c n. " . T h et h i n g 3 | s - * remember .. a . O r e o r - r y r n e n o r i e si s ' . ' Relating sequence events a . 5 w e g o l l o w d - d s l - ec o a s l. . l o W e ' r e r e a l l y l o s ef r i e n d s . c . 7 - - - - - --,- -t,h e t i r r ew e a ' r i v e d. . . a D e s c r i b i n g a c k g r o u n / p a r t i c i pn t s b d . |8 j u s ts t a r t e d r i m a r y c h o o l . p s n I m u s te - - ' a b o u tf o u ry e a r so t d . . W e1 0 i r a k i r do l o r e s | e de a ' ar . S h er r gettinmarr;ed. g . We 2 s l a yi r a c o t t a g e . . .
G i v i n ga n e v a [ u a t i o n 13-b a c k n o w o n t h i s o c c a s i o n. . . " n T h a ts a 1 4 . - - - o f m e e t i n gs o m e o n e . . . . .h a s j u s t 1 s with me forever.

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T h i n k o a s i g n i f i c a n t h i t d h o o d v e n tf r o m w h i c h y o u l e a r n e d s o m e t h i n g c e D e c i d e h o w y o u w a n t t o t e | . iL . t D i v i d e h e m e m o r y i n t of o u r c t e a rs e c t i o n s C h o o s ee x p r e s s i o n s r o m 3 b t o h e t py o u . t . f T e [ |y o u r s t o r y .L i s t e n t o e a c h o t h e r ' Sm e m o r i e s a n d t a [ k a b o U tW h . +n c ^ n ] | s i g n i f i c a n c e h e ys t i l l h a v e . t T a t k a b o u t t h e d i f f e r e n c e s n d s i m i l ar i t i e s b e t w e e ny o ur s t o r i e s . a

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Babytand. a Thesephotosaccompany featureabout Norwayca[[ed s 1 W h a td o y o ut h i n kt h e p h o t o s h o w ? s w ' 2 W h a td o y o ut h i n kt h e f e a t u r e i t |s a y a b o u tN o r w e g i a no c i e t y ?

to the introduction the eature. y ? s i f a n y t h i n g ,u r p r i s e d o u ? n t h i sa r t i c l .b e a d e s c r i p t i oo f y o u rc o u n t r y W h a tw o u t db e d i f f e r e n t ? e

lndex, Norway is the best to the UN's Human Development planet.It certainlyseems to be one of the best places liveon the babv.In contrastto most Europeancountries,the Norwegian society is a healthy1.9. Norway'sreputationas a child-friendly to foundedon a successionof governmentinitiatives improve l4aternityleave is 42 weeks and economiccircumstances. , and paternityleave is four weeks. There is financialsupport chooseto look after their childrenratherthan returnto the And the baby industryis booming,giving birth to a plethora b b : b a b y - m a s s a g e ,a b y - c i n e m a , a b y ' n ' b o o k d a y s a t t h e cafs). (a baby-au-lait term for breastfeedin9-friendly .child-f riend|.::]

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a o s u D o o rits t h e r ef o r m o t h e r s r f a t h e r s n d b a b i e s ? f a r et h e r e o r s m a l l c h i t d r e n ? i t f o rc h i l d r e n ? 's r a t t i t u d etso w a d s c h i t d r e n ?

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1 2 3 4 Tf you see In London, As we got ''' and ,., they .,]l not say he]]o back. anyone and say he]]o, T'11 justs slay home and waEch fi. to tshin out. the tIees !orL|d start to!.'ards the coast, pack dr' oU' En..]qc .p ond s.- oTt -o! ..e b..h '.'

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A a b I nt h e s es e n t e n c e sp e o p t e r e t a l k i n ga b o u tc h i t d h o o d "d d w i l t o r w o u l da n d a v e r b . , 1 2 3 4 5 w , W h e nh e w a s [ i t t l eh e ] { o u l d s l e e p h e ny o u d i d nt w a n th i m t o ! o n t h e i rv i d e og a m e sa [ [a t t e r n o o n . l y o u ' r en o tc a r e f u [t'h e y o She , w i t hh e r t w i ns l s t e rb u t n o tw i t ht h e o t d e s t n e ,n o ta n y m o r e u , . T h a ts h o wt h e ys t a r tt a t k i n gb y m i m i c k i n g s a d u l t s . Babies h o u r so n m y o w n ,l w a s a r e a [l o n e r . A s a k i d ,l 'please' y or.thank ou'. k H e w a s a V e r yi m p o t i t e i d ' H e

t c c I nw h i c hs e n t e n c e s o u l dw e a l s o u s e u s e dt o ? W o u l dt h i s c h a n g e h e m e a n i n g ?

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i d C o r r e c tt h e m i s t a k e s n t h e s es e n t e n c e s . 1 2 3 | u s e t o r i d e m y b i k ew i t hm y f r i e n d s . s | w o u t dh a v el o t so f r i e n d W h e nl W a s l i t t [ e . b r e m e m b e r i nm y i f t h i r t h d a y ' g | ' ms t i L t

h , a T h e s es e n t e n c e s h o Wo t h e rW a y st o t a l k a b o u th a b i t s o r t h i n 9 st h a to t e n a p p e n ' t t s U n d e r l i n e h e e x p r e s s i o nt h a tc o n v e y h i s i d e a . 1 2 3 4 5 m t h e t o c Y o u n g h i l d r e n a y ea t e n e l q y t o a k ef r a g m e n t s e x p e r i e n ca n d b u i t d h e mi n t od i s t o r t e d e m o r | e s ' t i a m o s , I nW e s t e r n o c i e t i e sw e t e n dt o s h a r ep r e c i o u s e m o r i e s f c h i l d h o o d n d r e l a t e h e s eo p e n l y n p u b t i c . s f g I m a f r a i dI m a t w a y s o r g e t t i np e o p l e n a m e sa n df a c e s . d t a A S I g e t o | d e r 'm y m e m o r ys t a r t st o a d e b i t ,a n d | ' m t i a b [ eo f o r g e t h i n g s| ' V e o n e . s t Y , m P e o p l eL i k e e ,w h o a r e p r o n et o p u to n w e i g h tc a n t e a t L i k e h a t . o ur e 0 K - y o u r e r e a l l y k i n n y .

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W c b W h i c he x p r e s s i o n o f t e nh a v ea n e g a t i v e o n n o t a t i o n ? h i c hm e a n s i t ' sa n n o y i n gi'n t h i s c a s e ? s 2 s w m a W h a tt e n d e n c i e s i g h ty o u a s s o c i a t e i t ht h e s ep hotos? U s e e x p r e s s i o n r o m a t o t a [ ka b o u tt h e m .

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Matchthem Withthe photos. Listen to the conversations" W h e r ea r e t h e t w o p e o p L e ? W t a w W h a ti s e a c hs p e a k e r a r n i n g h e l i s t e n e r b o u t ? h y ?

s i D o e w T h i n ko f s o m e o n e i t h a n i r r i t a t i n g r a t t r a c t i v h a b i t . e s c r i b e t u s i n gw i t t/ w o u t do r e x p r e s s i o n f r o m2 a .

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Tatktogether. 1 W h a ta r e i h e c h i t d r e n o i n gi n t h e p h o t o ? d 2 W h a ti s t h e i ra t t i t u d e ? 3 W h a tm a k e sa s t o r yc a p t i v a t i n g ? 2 a @ '1 C o v e r h e s c r i p to n t h i s p a g ea n d t i s t e n ' t

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Whywas the storynot Vefyefective? 2 W h a tc o u L dh e s p e a k e r a v ed o n et o m a k ei t t h m o r ee f f e c l i v eT hi n k a b o u t . ? . t o n eo f v oi c e . . attitude. e u s eo f [ a n g u a g e .

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Listento a secondversionof the same story.

1 W h a tl s t h ed i f f e r e n cb e t w e e n h ew a y st h e y e t aretold? 2 H o wi s t h es e c o n d p e a k e r ' s t o r y - t e t t i n g s moreeffective? L i s t e n g a i na n d l o o ka t t h e s c f l p to n t h i s @ a p a g eT h es p e a k e r s e sv a r i o u ss t r a t e g i e t o k e e p . u s thelisteners interested. Find examplesof: rhetoricaLquestions. They theyoungest the spoIt say are ones, don'tthey? v i s u ad e t a i t s . l d r r e cs p e e c h . t a d d r e s s i n g ea u d i e n c e i r e c i t y . th d c o m m e n tw h i c ha r e n o tp a r to f t h e s t o r y . s repetition. morecolouruI synonymsin the story or expresstons. visibLein full view smiling lot a red n di t a m u s i n g m et o d o w h a tI w a n t e d badty groups. Howcoutdyou make the srorv moreinteresting? wereon hotiday ltaty. were. . in We ' ra s t r e e t a n ds t o p p e d o w a t c h t performers.Wentto the ront . I of geta betterview.I was watching andforgoteverything eLse. n c ef i n i s h e d|,[ o o k e d o u n d r s e e m y p a r e n t sI.w a s s c a r e da n d downthe street.Then I reatised , i n o n ep l a c e s o l w e n t b a c kt o t h e Aftera eW minutesI saw my m e a n t c ec r e a m .
I'm the youngestof three.So,as I'm sure you can imaglne, when I was little I was always up to no good.They say the youngeste the spollt ones' don't they? I suppose my parentsjust let me get away with lt, becauseI was the youngest.I'd spend half the time showing ofl breaking my brothers'toys,ruining their games,attractingattention to myselYou know the usua]'just teldb]e ' '. Anyway, I'd betterget back to the anecdotel We].l' dad did a ]ot of pubLlcspeakingoIhis wolk, and my sometimes of us the Wholefami]y WoL d go and see him. I rememberbeing told how imponant it was to be on oul best behaoulthen' So,if I staftedmessing about'my brotherswould just pretendthat they didn,t know ma It Was ]ike a Veyoma] sett]ng W]th camelas and evelything At flrst,they would try to keep me qruet,or stop me fldgetlngor whatever, then they used to just ignore me, but 'cos it Was too embaasslngothelw]se. Anlrr'/ay,my brother Gary tells me that one day, I was sltting theeWith a]]of them and I just disappeaed, so my mothel asked','trryhele's gone now? \A1eIe's he that tloub]emakel?'' one nnute] Was thele it seems,the next minute I'd Vanishedinto thln I. so, anyway,everyonegot a bit panicky becauseno one knew where I'd got to. Then, sudder]ly... you should have seen everybody,s faces ... suddenly'thele ] Was in fuileW ]'d on]ygot up on the stage with my dad,hadn't I? Wa!.tng everybodyand to beaminglike mad in ftont othe camelas.Cal you believe how cheeky you have to be to do that,can you? Appalent]y'what I'd done is edge out otheseat Without anyoneseeing and then CIaWldown to Whee athel my was speahng At fust,my dad was horrif,ed. .. but then he saw the funny side,and the audienced too' i mean, I simply couldn'tbear anyoneelse to get Ine attenttonl I wanted to be the starl Nothlng's changedreally. Unbelievable I

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remem er finish manage offer b regret decide mind suggest imagine a g r e e e n j o y p o s t p o n e p r e p a r e g i v eu p risk avoid 6 a A d d p r e p o s i t i o nts t h e s es e n t e n c e s r o m h e o t unit. l 2 3 4 I g e l k i n do l i r e ds h o p p i n g ' I v e n o p r o b t e me m e m b e r i n p i n n u m b e r s . r g T h a t ' s h a p p y e m o r ym e e t i n g o m e o n e . a m s T h a ts h o wt h e ys t a r tt a | . k i n g , i m i c k i n g s m u a du L t s .

b I nw h i c hc a s e sc a n w o u t dh a v ea s i m i ( a rm e a n i n g .used t o . W a sg o i n gt o ,a n d to'' a C h a n g e h e s es e n t e n c e s o i n c l u d e o u t d . t t w 1 2 3 4, 5 7 t Open he door. | a s k e dh i m ,b u t h e d i d nt s a y a w o r d . D oy o up r e f e r o g o b y b u s ? t that favoUr. She neverorgot y | w e n tt h e r ee v e r y e a ri n A u g u s t . H e s a i d h e m i g h tl e a v ee a r l yt o d a y ' T h a ts s o t y p i c a o f h e r t o s a y t h a t . l

b W h i c hs e n t e n c e s r e a t s op o s s i b l e i t h o u t h e a w p r e p o s i t i o nW o u t d h e ym e a nt h e s a m e ? ? t 7 a c o m p t e t e h e s es e n t e n c e s s i n ga n - i n g o r m ' t u 'l l w o u t d n m i n d. . . t
? |not roe|lw od rrntalith

b What effect,howeversubtle,do these chafrges haveon each sentence? G r l D L i s t e nt o c h e c k .| 5W o u t d t r e s s e d n a n y o s i thesentences? a completethesesentences theyare true oryou. so 1 2 3 4 5 [ l w o u t d n b e s u r p r i s e id . . . t l w o u t da t w a y s e c o m m e n d. . r . W h e nl w a s y o u n g e r ,t h o u g hltw o u t d . . I . w | c a n t i m a g i n e h a tl ' d d o i f . . . lwish people ouldn ... w t | ' dr a t h e r . 't.h a n . ' '

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orm: Howmanycotlocations with memorycan you remembe r?

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|nwhatcontextdo you think you Woutdhear thes ? W h i c hi s t h e o d d o n e o u t ? They're worst in living memory. the H e ' ss u f e r i n gr o m h o r t - t e r m e m o r yt o s s , s m b u tt h e r e n o t h i n go w o r r ya b o u r . s l You've a memorytike a sieve. got T h i sm o d e L a s p t e n t y m e m o r v . h o I t h i n k c a nd o i t f r o m m e m o r y . I m e m o r y p t a y i n gr i c k sa g a i n . s t Listento check.

thse sentences from the unit.Whatooes ? Morethanone answermay be possib{.e.

d a d , e d e c i d e d ej u s tw a n tt o s t a yh e r e h h year.only i f y o us e e a n y o n e a t k i n g r o u n d , w a say hello. s t a ya t h o m ea n dw a t c hT V 's o l d e rt h a ny o u ,y o u c a [ [ h e m t o r a u n t i ee v e ni f y o ud o n t k n o wt h e m . , respect. d i f f e r e n ttto w a r d sm m i g r a n p e o p t e . y i t es tneyre Justnasty. exampLes with the expressionit's W h a ts i t u a t i o n m i g h tt h e yb e u s e d s [ dt h e ym e a n ? working futltime,it'sjust too much. muchpressureright now. 1 it'siust too much oa risk. this - it'sjust too much to handts. l m u c hf o r h e r ,s h e ' sh a de n o u g . h expressions 10a.Decide in you woutdstress.

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R e a dt h e a r t i c t e D o e si t h a v es i m i l a rv i e w st o y o u r s ? .
SociaL networking sitessuchas Facebook, N4ySpace Orkut are now estimated havemorethan 7OO and to millionusers worldwide. users As can createany profiLe themseLves choose, of they you mightexpectthem to portray themselves the bestpossible in light.whenputtingup a profile, wouldbe reasonabte them it for to Present flattering images, choosesophisticated discernin8 and interests, carefuL and express their thoughts as to aPpearmore intelligent so than in realLife. according recentresearch, is not the But to this case.Far from Presenting thernsetves a fLattering in way,most users'profilesrefLect their true personaLities, and reveaLboth psychoLogicaIweaknesses naturaI and physicaL flaws. Research carried on 250 Facebook was out users who fiLLed a personality in questionnaire. ResuLts were compared Withthe same peopLe's Facebook The set not ProfiLes' survey out to assess on the participants, personaLity, their'ideal' actuaI but personality in otherwords, what kindof person they woutdbe if they actually aLt characteristics. TheseresuLts werethen compared with the participants' Possessed theirideaL Facebook emerged Wasastonishing: from beingidea|ised ar versions themselves, of peop|e,s ProfiLes.What onLineprofilesconformedclose to what they WerereaLlike'heirprofilesaccurate reflectedhow agreeabLe, extroverted, conscientious, neurotic and sociable they were in realLife. It,snot entirecLear why onLine profiles depiCt users'PersonaLitie5 50 accurate|t couLd that users be Wantto Portraythemselvesas they reat are' or it cou|dbe that PeoPLe attemPt to Presentan ideatimage of themseLves in fact faiLtodo so' on thingseemscLear: but socialnetwoking sitescan in no way be considereda fa|seonLineworld that is idatised nd removedfrom reatity; rather, they are simp nother way in which peoplechooseto interact with eachother.

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v v ed re n o rL d r c u r d I | nnt h ew a yt h a tw e p r e s e n t u r s e L v ets o t h e r s . Ig o o W e d o nt a t t e m p t o h i d eo u r e c c e n t r i c i t i e s o u r a p p e a r a n c e . or p 0 n L i n e r o f i l e s r e n o tf a n t a s y e p r e s e n t a t i o n su t m a t c hr e a L i t y . a r b, P e o p l e a n tt o p r e s e n - o r a r e u n a b l e o h i d e- t h e i rt r u e s e t v e s . w t t l n s p i t eo f w h a tm a n yp e o p l e h i n k , e t w o r k i n s i t e se n c o u r a g e s t o b e w h o t n g u we a Te.

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t D i s c u s s h e s eq u e s t i o n s . 1 2 3 p s l l n w h a to t h e rw a y sc a n p e o p l e r e s e n t h e m s e t v eo n t i n e e . g .r o L e - p L a y i n g we g am e s o r p r o f e s s i o n a L b s i t e s l ? p m . L o o ka i t h e s eo n t i n e r o i tie a g e s W h yd o y o ut h i n ke a c hp e r s o nc h o s et h e m ? see photo? Whatwouldyoutypicalty in them? Can youthinkof othertypesof profite

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I t O L L i s t e nt o N o r m a n , t g a , i a m a n dJ a n e a n s w e r i n gh e q u e s t i o n ' W h a t a {M a d e i n ey o u ? 'W h a ti s t h e d e i n i nfg c t o ri n e a c hc a s e ? s b fiIll) Listen again and make notes on these questions' s o m 1 W h l c ht w o p e o p t e e n t i o n t h e rc o u n t r i e o r c u L t u r e s ? d H o ww e r et h e yi n f t u e n c eb Yt h e m ? w t 2 W h i c ht w op e o p l e a l k a b o u t h e nt h e yw e r ey o u n g e r ? H o ww a s t h e i rs e n s eo f s e t fd i f f e r e ntth e n ? w a d 3 W h a tp e o p l e o t h e ya t tm e n t i o n s b e i n gi m p o r t a nitn d e f i n i n g h o t h e ya r e ? a e w s 2 a M a t c he x p r e s s i o n 1 - 8 f r o mt h e r e c o r d i n g i t h s e n t e n c e n d i n g s - h . p i 1 l t h i n ko f m y i d e n t i t y a r t l y n i e r m s o f 2 | n e e dt o f e e |p a | to a t 3 l r 4 yi f ei s c e n t r e d l o to h ' s 4 W h a td e i n em e m o s t i s t 5 I ' ma p r o d u c o f as | see myset n 7 | t i k et o t h i n kt h a tl ' m f e f L e c t eid i e 8 W h a th a sa t s oh a da g r e a t n f t u e n co n m e w a s b C h e c kt h e s c r i p to n P 1 4 7 . 3 s w h a t d f i n ey o u a s a p e r s o n ? 'I . W o r ka [ o n eT h i n ka b o u lt h e s ec a l e g o r i e s : . c l o t h e s n da p p e a r a n c e . . retigion. . n a t i o n[ i i y . a a . w h e r ey o ug r e wu p . . y o u rf a m i t y . . [ang age. u tra . y o u rw o r k o r j o b . . b e l . o n g i n o a g r o u p ' p e r s o n a | . i t y i t s . tg y n 2 T h i n ka b o u te x p r e s s i o nis 2 a y o u c o u l du s e t o t a t ka b o u t o u ri d e n t i t y w is e ' w 3 C o m p a r e i t ho t h e rs t u d e n t sD i dy o ud e i n y o u r s e L v e n s i m i t a r a y s ? s 4 W h i c hc a t e g o r i ed o y o ut h i n ka r e t h e m o s i a n d l e a s ti m p o r t a n t ? a b c d e f g h myfriends my background. p a happy erson. i n o t h e rc o u n t r i e s ' myStay I t h ep e o p l e t i k e ratherthan on myself' my chitdren w h e r eI c o m ef r o m o a c l o s ec i r c u i t f f r i e n d s '

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p t . L o o ka t t h e t h r e ew e b s i t e sW h a td i f f e r e nw a y so f m e e t i n g e o p l ed o t h e yp r o v i d e ? w H o wd o y o ut h i nk e a c hs e r v i c e o r k s ?

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c C l u b M Bi s a b r a n d - n e w o m m u n i t yt h a t g i v e s y o u t h e c h a n c et o c h a t , exchange text messages and interact with other cell-phone users, anytime, safel How does it work, you ask? It's fun anywhere. lt's 100o/o and 100o/o what your desires and criteria are. You'll receive simple. You tell clubN4B the profiles of members that match yours, while your profile is sent out to members you match with, You'll immediately be able to exchange text messages With him or her however,Wheneve Whereveryou Want| No boring forms to fill in, or expensive subscriptlonsto pay. Send a text m e s s a g en o w a n d e n t e rt h e f u n l Y o u m a y f i n d y o u r p e r f e c t. . . c e l l m a t e l

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I .. d o w n t o o u r c u s t o m e r s ,a n d t h a t ' st h e e t h o s u p o n w h i c h o u r b u s i n e s s has qrown over the |ast quarte of a century. The service we offer is p " r r o n u l , y e t u n o b t r u s i v e q r o u p s a z e sd o v a r y , t r u ty o u w i l l d o u b t l e s s b e h o l i d a y i n gw i t h o t h e r s i n g l e t r a v e l l e r sw h o s h a r e a p a s s i o n f o r l i f e i a n d d i s c o v e r i n gn e W e x c i t i n gd e s t i n a t i o n s n t h e U K , E u r o p ea n d a r o u n d t t h e w o l d .L o V e i s n e a r e h a n y o u t h i n k .

N o b o d y u n d e r s t a n d st h e n e e d s o f t h e s i n g l e t r a v e l l e r m o r e t h a n w e d o , w h i c h i s w h y y o u h a v e m a d e u s t h e U K ' s n u m b e r L E s t a b l i s h e di n 1 9 6 9 , o u r s i s a n a m e o u r c u s t o m e r st r u s t , t h a t ' sw h y t h e y c o m e b a c k t o u s , t i m e a f t e r t i m e . S o l o ' si s n ' tj u s t a n o t h e r h o l i d a y c o m p a n y .S o l o ' s i s a t r a v e l c o m m u n i t y ,a n d w e f o n d l y w e l c o m e n e w ' m e m b e r s ' t o e n j o y

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4 5 a n e x c l am a t i o n . a joke or pun.

1 a What devicesdo the advertsuse to seu their product?Find examplesof:

b W h a tk i n d o f l a n g u a g e o t h e yu s e ? F i n de x a m p l e s f t h e s ef o r m s i n t h e a d v e r t s . d o i m p e r a t i v e s r h e t o r i c a L q u e s t i o nc o n d i t i o n a l s e n t e n c e s s positivediectives inversion modaI erbs a v c W h a to t h e rt e c h n i o u e a r e u s e d ? s

Hour mel we
1 a R e a dt h i s t e s t i m o n a lb o u td a t i n g g e n c y . F i t ti n t h e g a p sw i t ht h e m o s t a a C appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

s*We met at the London Singles' Events in Jdy. He 1_ * *

2I 4-

(say) he (see) my photo on the Wl and just 3(know) | (be) there With ftends . we 5(see) the adveIt in the papel and We (decide) to give it a try just fol a laugh. (sit) in . I 7(come) having a drink ard he 8_ (chat) fol the lest othe evening and then to find me' We '- "omer (cau) the next day and we 1the r01be)together 13ever since. We 12thavel tons in common. We both (work) in the media and la(have) an amazing time. So thank you! IL does work and I'm so glad I 15 (come1,or I never 11meet)the love omy life!

ss

b {llD Listento chck. What different verb forms are there? Make a tist. Are these the only ormsthat could be used in each gap,or would others be possibte? Why / Why not?f g 2 a W r i t i n g a m e .I n v e na . s t o r y b o u tm e e t i n g o m e o n e o r t h e f i r s tt i m e . t a s f 'We '] W r i t ea e w e n t e n c ' e s a r t i n g i t h s st W m e t ' . . ' .P a s s i t t o a n o t h e r t u d e n t ' s 2 A d d a f e wm o r es e n t e n c e s i a r t i n g i t h l w a s . . .. P a s s i t t o a n o t h e r t u d e n t . w s 3 C o n t i n u e ,t a r t i n g i t ht h e e x p r e s s i o nis t h e b o x .P a s s e a c hn e ws e c t i o n o s w n t another tudent. s . . . . H e / S h ew a s . . . W e . . .a n dt h e n. . . A n d s i n c et h e n. . . W e h a v et o n si n c o m m o n W e b o t h. . . .

Readout your story. Work with a partner.Describehow you met someoneimportantto you.Tatkabout: o . . . w h e na n dw h e r ey o u m e t . h o wi t h a p p e n e d . w h a ty o uf i r s tt a l k e da b o u t . w h a ty o uh a d l o r h a v e ] n c o m m o n . i

10

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e W h a td o t h e i m a g e ss u g g e s t b o u tt h e a w a yy o u s h o u t d r s h o u t d o t p r e s e n t o n yoursetfto others? b fllD Listen to Uri, Sandyand Carmelo p r e s e n t i n gh e m s e l v e s . t 1 2 3 c @
'I

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W h a td o y o ut h i n ka r e t h e s i t u a t i o n s ? W h a tw o r d sh e t p e d o ud e c i d e ? y W h a ti s w r o n gi n e a c hc a s ew i t ht h ew a y p t h ec a n d i d a t e sre s e n ll h e m s e l v e s ? W h a ta d v , c e o u l dy o ug i v et h e p e o p l e ? w L i s t e nt o n e wV e r s i o n sW h a th a s i m D r o v e d ? .

2 a M a t c ht h e s es t r a t e g i e t o t h e h i g h t i g h t ee x a m p l e s n t h e s c r i p t s . s d i lntroduction s t r a t e ge s i

2 3
4 5 6

b a c k t r a c k i na n d r e f o r m u l a t i nIg g c h o o s i n g n e q u i v a l e n t r m f o r a w o r dy o uc a n t r e m e m b e r a te s e t e c t i n g n e x p r e s s i o i n o r d e rt o g a i nt i m ea n d k e e pt h e f l o o r a n e x p a n d i n a n d d e v e l o p i ntg e p o i n t g h h a n d l i n gn t e r j e c t i o n se t | . i w c o n s i d e r i ntg e e f f e c t n t h e I i s t e n e r h o

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r! o o proourl rulrallua' dru

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sometimesyou never get to meet that personand that can be even

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b H o wd o t h e p e o p l ei n t r o d u c t h e m s e L v e s ? h o i s m o r ef o r m a t i n f o r m a L ? e W / H o Wd o t h e i n t e r v i e w e ra t t e m p t o p u tt h e c a n d i d a t e t e a s e ? s a C o n d u c a j o b i n t e r v i e w .o g e t h e rt,o o ka t t h i sj o b .T h e n ,S t u d e n t , l o o ko n p ' 1 t T A S t u d e n t , l o o ko n p 1 3 4 . B Public relations manager

professiona|to responsibiIityextenal Weneed high-energy' a motivated take or communicati0n growing company's and our reputation' press presentations, BesponsibiIities. Wi|| themainp0int contact themedia, You be 0 for Writing re|eases' customer success stories and presence programmes Winning casestudies. Wi|| bUi|ding company's You be (Facebook, gaining the onIine Twitter, anddiving etc') or awards, positive product reviews themedia, s0 0n. in and Requi]ed expeience. shou|d 3-5 years pub|ic You have of re|ations marketing and experience, WelI a university as as / Co||ege degree, preerab|y in business marketing' or Required skills.Superior written 0ralcommunications area must. area creative and skills You thinker candevelop who unique ideas and programmes, growing c0mpany marketing someone is passionate who about our every day.

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t a L o o ka t t h e s eb u s i n e s s a r d s .W h a td o v o ut h i n kt h e c a r d ss a v c aboutthe peopl.e who own them or the companytheywork for? b ln yourcountry, peopLe do use businesscards as a way of expressing themselves? W h a t o i n d i v i d u a to r c o m p a n i e s e e dt o b e a ri n m i n dw h e n d s n d e s i g n i na b u s i n e s s a r df o r t h e m s e l v e s ? g c R e a d h ea r t i c t e n d c h e c ky o u ra n s w e r s W h e r ed o y o u t h i n k t a " thisarticleorigina appeared? [[y

cardsare somethingthat we take for granted shouldn't.The loolg fee1, and messageon a card
detemine how they viewyou, and more

you , if theywill even rememberyou.'lMhen and the other party has your business dentity that piece ofpaper Becauseof this is your businesscard should not only state fo! your contactinformation,and what you
also state something about you - not in

but more of an impression ofvour overall xample, were to hand you my businesscard, ifI ly get the feeling that I am a warm and (thecard is thick,yet feelssoft;the corners the typography rounded;it's green), are
's just the message I wanted to communicate.

business cards again.Do you noticeany eatures in the article? the peopte betow. What image of themsetves or mighttheywant to conveythroughtheir card? be reflected the card itself? in m a n a g eo f a n i n t e r n a t i o n c o m p a n y r aI

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a f u r n i t u rs h o p e o n eo f t h e p e o p l e n d d e s i g na c a r df o r t h e m .T h i n ka b o u t : a nages. . colous. r eness. o font. who chosethe same person.Compareyour ideas.

p t c o u n t r y r e s e n c a r d st o e a c ho t h e r ?l n w h a ts i t u a i i o n s ? o t h e r o c i e t i e w h e r ec a r d sa r e :m o r ei m p o r t a n t l?e s s i m p o r t a n tW h yi s t h i s ? s s ? s o c i e t yn w h i c hy o ul i v ee n c o u r a g ep e o p l e o s t a n do u to r ' i l i n ? i s l n i n y o u rp o s s e s s i o c o m m u n i c a tte i n g sa b o u t o ut o o t h e r s ? y h c a r d s m e m b e r s h i c a r d s ,L o y a t t y r d s ,i d e n t i t c a r d s , t c . l : p ca y e

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a Which of these words frequently occur before t a L e n t W h i c hf r e q u e n t l o c c u rb e f o r e k i l | s ? ? y s l e a d e r s h i p r e a I n a t u r a I a c a d mi c e basic computer considerable technicaLinte[[ectual Which of these words can also come beforethe w o r da b i t i t y ? Taleni can reerto peopteor the abilityitsdetf. W h i c hd o y o ut h i n kt h e s ee x p r e s s i o n r e f e rt o ? s 'l people new taLent 4 h o m e - g o w nt a[ e n t r 5 athletic a[ent 2 c r e a t i v ea t e n t t 3 y o u n gt al e n t a r t i s t i c al e n t t

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i U u s t r a t e dn t h e p h o t o s p p o s i t e ? i o

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1 2 3 W h i c he x p r e s s i o nd o y o u h e a r ? s W h a ta r e t h e p e o p l e a l k i n g b o u t ? t a W h i c ho f t h e s k i t t sc a n y o u e a s i t y e a r n ? l

T h i n ko f s o m e o n e h o h a s a p a r t i c u t atra l e n t w f o r s o m e t h i n gW h a tw o u t dy o u s a y a r e h i s / h e r . s k i t t s ?T a t ka b o u tt h i s p e r s o n ' s c h i e v e m e n t s . a

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skilLs famitiar relevant future aptitude challenges I h e s i t a t e s p e c i a t t y a p p t i c a t i o na c c u s t o m e d b A d dw o r d st o t h e g a p s . Dear Sir/Madam, I amwriting provide withsomebackground to you information you can so 1.bettejudge scholarship my forthe MA in Business Administration (see attached fom rsum). and Regarding academic my experience, currentty I am compteting degree my in york,where current Economics the University StonyBrook, at of New my

andI arnon couse gaduate distinction the endof the semester. to with at Enclosed will findphotocopies atl 3 you of ' certiicates'

is in l4aketing. far, I have recejved So excellentgradesin a[[subjects,

Asyouwill seefrorn attached my rsum, 4. I am in ''' to Working the financjaI secto. worked the lastthreesummers Citjbank the I,ve jn fo for customer seVjce department in NewYorkState, here where honed personal I my 5.a n db e c a m e g . w i t ht h e b a n k i n w o r | d t f i r s th a n d . a 1believe geatest my stengths in myabitity workwetljn a teamandan tie to 7 I fortaklng whatever on that corne way.Forthesereasons, my at thisstage my tife,I strongty in believe am abteto takeon the demands I of a fulltjmeMasters degree. e l4y in *, career banking woutd greatly be enhanced earning MBAat youruniversity. by an Shou|d application successfu['amava[ab|e intervew my be 1 for whenever it js convenent.you require further If any detaiLs references' or please don.t toto contact me. I lookforward hearing to fromyou. Withbestwshes,

Slarall Farr,dgre
] shaon Partrjdge

e st h eW r i t e u s e U s o r B r i t i s hE n g t i s h ? w c a n y o ut e | ' t ? oy o u t h i n ki t i s i m p o r t a n t r H D a d o po n ev a r i e t y r t h e o t h e r ? t o d o e s h ew r i t e rp r e s e n t e r s e l n a p o s i t i v e i g h t ? i n de X p r e s s i o nis t h e t e t t e r t h i t F n s h o w p t i m i s m n ds e t f - c o n f i d e n c e , o a t h el e t t e rH o wd o o r o u t d I t h e s 5 e n t e n c e c o n t i n u e ? . c e s M yg r e a t e s tl r e n g t hs a r ap r i r u e . . . s i d l a m a c c u s t o m e d. .. I b e c a mf a m i i i a . . . e r at theletterand check. is theletterstructured? b et h ef u n c t i o o f e a c hp a r a g r a p h . n k i n do f l a n g u a gie r e q u i r e do r e a c h ? s f a cover letter. Chooseone of these options. f o ra f u r t h e e d u c a t i og r a n ti n a n a c a d e m l c i e t do v o u rc h o i c e ' r n f t o a j o ba d v e r itn t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l f i eody o u rc h o i c e . tf 4 5 | b e [ i e v e y g r e a t e ss t r e n g t h si e t m t lam availabte...

23

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Can you rememberthe story in How we met on p 1 9 ? W h i c hd i f f e r e nt e n s e sd i dy o u u s e ? t W h i c ht e n s e sc a n b e u s e dt o : 1 2 3 4 s e t t h e s c e n eo f t h e s t o r Y ? u i a d e s c r i b e c t i o n s n p r o g r e s s p t o a p o i n ti n thepast? t d e s c r i b e h e s t o r ys m a i ne v e n t s ? a h d c l a r i t h a to n ee v e n t a p p e n e b e f o r e n o t h e r ? y 2 3 W o r ki n A / B p a i r s . 1 t y s P r e p a r e o t e [ [ o u rp a r t n e r o m e t h i n gh a t t o o | . a p p e n etd y o u .U s e o n e o t h e s e; d e a s r you own: T . a n i m p o r t a ne v e n t n y o u rl i f e . i t r e a n i n t e r e s t i ntg a v e I x p e r i e n c e . " o T h i n ko f t h e b a c k g r o u ntd y o u rs t o r ya n d a n y i . e f f e c t st s t i l |h a s f o ry o u n o w Tetlyour story.

Gramma reence' p40

i P u t t h e s ep l c t u r e s n order to make a story.

6a

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t L o o ka t t h e s ee x a m p l e s r o m h e u n i t .W h i c ho f s t h e hi g hl i gh t e de x p r e s s i o n a r e : ' v e r b s+ p r e p o s i t i o n s ? n p h r a s av e r b s ? l t e W h a ti s t h e d i f f e r e n c b e t w e e n h e m ?
L ] 250 Facebook users vho fi,.,!:.i 111 a personality quesr:io.narre. -o

n',4

it !ou]d be When t].L.].j]i.j L]t a profi]e, .].' 'o' r': .o p es.rr Its gives oEher way to You the ce]]-phone find l!o1l.. Lo tr].i: |]!] ihe demands o like chance users. LLe.. o]. ... area fol to llrt r:r..:i

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p-o.e' s.o'.'s, minded 5 6 T have many ] lime !.. the

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years

am able

a fu]].

Masters

degree.

Add prepositions or partictes to these verbs" U n d e r l i n e t h e p h r a s a Iv e r b s . 1 2 3 p a s s i n gi h e t e s l . | dioni succeed p r a c t i c ae x p e r i e r c e . l I m iacking a v a t a r 'o n w i k i p e d l a . | d e c i d e dt o l o o k - l i v i n ga b r o a d f o r a b lwou|.denefit

R e a dt h e s t o r ya n d f i t [i n t h e g a p sw i t ht h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t f o r m o f t h e v e r b si n b r a c k e t s . e
!1 had gpe.nL (Spend)a yeal oinFrance and..J J (not (look for) a partner thele o.months l]ur i find) arybody I could relate to, or who also liked me. ' a'. (change) the day I 5 Anyway' that l 7..-'' (wa}e up) early arrd (leave) Fralce' I (take) tbe six'hou tain jouneyto the arpon.so far, so good. I got to the atpot fine, no poblem.But then (strike).When checking in at the airport I chaos I found that my flight was full and I was on standby. They 9 told me that I .'''.' (do) the o ine check-in \,VrongoI 10 (tlavel) a long time Ieady' was something. I Iey tiled and this Was the last thing that I needed. An1.way, I 1r -,- . (wait) patiently at the gate, boping I2 Lo geT my place, when the pilol ol Lhe plare (aive). looked at me and asked the stewalds What (happen). Can you believe he intervened and got a seaL orme in the cockpit? We1l'LhaL'sl^owWe met. Incredible isn't it? Funny thing is, he's not French, (nol go back) to hrancesince. and I la

4 5 7 8 9

t b t u f f i n t o g e tt h r o u g h h e g I re|.ied -* interview. mewasw0rKrng a ppea|ed What rea|'|'y l i n a n e w i ed . | c a n t q u i t em a k e . , . . - w h a th e s s a y i n g . b o t hw o r ka I t G i v e n h e c h o i c e , ' do p i s t u d ya t t h e s a m e t i m e . the Y o r n e e dl o i m m e ' s ey o u r s e l f i c u t t u r en o r d e rt o l e a r na n e w l a n g u a g e .

c Try expressingthe sentencesin b using a part dierent of speech.Is it atwayspossibte? in lwasn't successfuI passingthe test. d Test each other. 1 a a S t u d e n A , c h o o s e s e n t e n c e n d r e a di t a s t f a r a s t h ev e r b . t B S t u d e n t , c o v e rt h e p a g ea n d c o n t l n u eh e s o i t i s t r u ef o r y o u . sentence

24

Lookat theseexamptes self used as a prefix. of 1 a L o o ka t t hi s e x a m [ e r o m h e u n i t .c a n y o u p t can youthinkof otherexamp[es eachstructure? o think of other expressionsUri could have used to reformulate what he was savino? . s e l . f - d o u b t l s e l .+ n o u n l f self-aware s e n s e s e l f o {self+ adjective) ( s e l fi s a n o u ni n i t s o w nr i g h t )
I sludied economics, so that,s i'hy !oking l,th Deulsche Bank rea]]y was appea1ing .. ' why t r.eally appealed Eo me, i shoulC s.1y.

self- to thesewords to make adiectives.

b fillD Listen to the conversation. How many of the d e t a i l si n t h e i m a g et u r n o u tt o b e i n c o r r e c t ? c o u l d e u s e dt o t a t ka b o u t r b

system?
idea ?

a ftat?

phecy?

pers0n

[dthe adjective mean i n e a c hc a s e ? ns from 8a to the g a p s .I nw h a t you woutd find them? moteI offers12futty units a in _ mo d e r nb u t dn . i i g am i t t i o n a i r a n d n o ws h e s e, nothang. i n d e p e n d e n cte ,e c o u n t r y e c a m e h b
econ0my.

c What different ways of reformulating you did n o t i c e ? h e c kt h e s c r i p to n p 1 4 8 . C 2 a Work in A/B pairs. Haveconversations, continuing f o r a s l o n ga s y o uc a n . 1 S t u d e n A , s a y s o m e t h i n gn o tn e c e s s a r i t y t l t r u e la b o u t o m e o n e n y o u rf a m i L y , f r i e n do r s i a n e i g h b o u r ' r y o U ro w np a s tl i eW h e n e v e B o . r r e s p o n d sr,e f o r m u L a t eh a ty o us a y .U s e t h e w e x p r e s s i o nfs o m 11 c . r S t u d e n t , r e s p o n d o w h a tA s a y s ,s h o w i n g B t i n t e r e so r s u r p r i s e . t N o wc h a n g e o l e s . r W h i c he x p r e s s i o nd d o u u s e ? s y W h i c hw e r ee a s i e s t o u s e ?

[ so h ec a s ea T e . t T h es u s p e c t guiLty. becamea_prophecy.He so strangely, peoplereallydid start him. c o r r u p tn d i v i d u a n t h e i it -, s a m en a m e . t o m a k en o u n s i t hs e l f w

2 3 1 2

b T h i n ka b o u ty o u rc o n v e r s a t t o n . o

be related low se|.fto i m e dt h e ya c t e di n s e l f to work from home. i s t o d o w i t hh a v i n g l e n t y p motivated setfby , h e l u s i w a n t so u r n ofselfa negative connotation? adjectives?

to be:

person a or

seLf-disciptined. se[f-critica L. se[f-suicient. y e x p l a i n o u ro p i n i o n s .

25

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at theseexamplesof self used as a prefix. 1 1 a L o o ka t t h i s e x a m p l e r o mt h e u n i t .C a n y o u f youthinkootherexamplesof each structure? t h i n ko f o t h e re x p r e s s i o n U r i c o u l dh a v eu s e dt o s reformutate what he was savinq? set-doubt + se|'f noun) sel-aware + se| adjective) I studled economics, so that,s lvhy !'oking lali]:h s e n s eo f s e t [ s e [ f s a n o u ni n i t s o w nr i o h t ] i Deutssche Bank rea]]y was appea1ing .. ' why r setf-to thse words to make adjectives.
really appealed to me, I sircu,C sa-r.

b f.IlD Listen to the conversation. How many of the d e t a i t s n t h e i m a g et u r n o u tt o b e i n c o r r e c t ? i c o u l d e u s e dt o t a l k a b o u t : b em? idea? ecy? person 4 a tat?

the adjective mean in each case? r o m a t o t h e g a p s .I nw h a t 8 wouldyou findthem? m o t e o f e r 1 2f u t t y l s u n i t si n a c What diferent ways of reformulating you did p t m o d e r n ui t d n g . b i n o t i c e ? h e c kt h e s c r i p to n p 1 4 . 8 . C w a sa _ m i t t i o n a i r a n d n o ws h e s e, nothing. t 2 a W o r k i n A / B p a i r s .H a v ec o n v e r s a t i o n c o n t i n u i n g s, a t eirn d e p e n d e n cte ' e c o U n t r y e c a m e h b for as long as you can. econ omy. o h e c a s ea T e t 1 S t u d e n A , s a y s o m e t h i n gn o tn e c e s s a r i t y ' T h es u s p e c t t l guitty. t r u e la b o u ts o m e o n e n y o u rf a m i t ya f r i e n do r i , norabecamea _ prophecy. He n e i g h b o u r ,r y o u ro w n p a s tl i f e . h e n e v e B o W r so strangely, peop|.e reallydid start r e s p o n d sr' e o r m U l awe a ty o us a y .U s e t h e t h about im. h e x p r e s s i o nfs o m 11 c . r a -, c o r r u p t n d i v i d u an t h e i 2 S t u d e n t , r e s p o n d o w h a tA s a y s ,s h o w i n g iI B t t h es a m en am e . i n t e r e so r s u r p r i s e . t 3 N o wc h a n g e o l e s . r to make nounswith setfb T h i n ka b o u t o u rc o n v e r s a t i o n . y 1 2 W h i c he x p r e s s i o nd i dy o u u s e ? s W h i c hw e r ee a s i e s t o u s e ?

can be relatedto low self-_. claimedtheyactedin selt-. self-to work from home. i n p u b t i cs t o d o w i t hh a v i n g t e n t y i p were motivated selt by d e p r e s s e d ,e j u s tw a n t so u r h
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zahra (aged3) and Hawta (a fm mondr old) have lost thelr family in a Baghdad misne strtke.Sunfu Tina war correspondentHala Jaber scs her heat on doing everying she can to help. In this berutifi.rl accounr, laber (a Lebanese a Muslim, but and n the same tlme working for a London newspaper)tells her compellinglnqstory with dre mique insight ofa writer rble rc mdersmnd borh worlds.

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penguinanives.And then another . . To stalt \,\,,1th, the new uDnvited guests aecute and funny but Who is senng them and why? As the number of penguins stafis to grow, so do the family s problems,
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b C a n y o u r e m e m b e r o wl a n u s e dt h e w o r d s ?W h i c hg o t o g e t h e r ? h c trlD Listenagainto check. t t h a c h o o s ea b o o kt h a h a s a da n i m p o r t a ne f e co n y o u . i M a k et w o w o r dc l o u d s ' t i k e n 3 a . s W r i t ew o r d s/ e x p r e s s i o ny o . rc o u l du s e t o d e s c r i b e : . t h e pl o t . n a particu|'r araCter. ch . t h ea l m o s p h e r e . o t h ew a y i t i s w r i t t e n . 2 W r i t ew o r d s/ e x p r e s s i o ny o uc o u l du s e t o t a l ka b o u t : s . t h e t i m e i n y o u rl i e h e ny o Ur e a di t ,a n d h o wy o uf e [ t . w . t h e e f f e c t t h a s h a do n y o u rl i f e ,o r y o u ro u t t o o k n [ i f e . o i 'word c l o u d s t o o t h e rs t u d e n t s . ' b S h o wy o u r I 1 2 W h a tc a n t h e yw o r k o u ta b o u it h e b o o kf r o my o u rw o r d s ? s b . a T a [ k b o u te a c ho t h e r ' s o o k s A s k q u e s t i o n t o f i n do u tm o r e .

y w T h i n ko f a b o o ko r a n a u t h o r o u l o v e d h e ny o uw e r ey o u n g e rl.s i t t r u e t h a t 'the y b o o k st h a tc h a n g e d o uw h e ny o uw e r ey o u n ga r e a l w a y sg o i n gt o b e a w d i s a p p o i n t m e n th e ny o u a r e a n a d u t t ' ?

21

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' l a W h a td i f f e r e nw a y so f l e a r n i n g t a n g u a g e o t h e p h o t o s u g g e s t ? s d a t f b Do peopl.erom some countriesLearnEngtishmore easily?Why / Why not? 2 with Norman' trlD Listen to a conversation 1 2 3 3 c at H o wa n dw i t hw h o md i d N o r m a nL e a r n o n v e r s a t i o nE n g t i s h ? s t A c c o r d i n go h i m ,w h y d o G e r m a n s p e a kg o o dE n g t i s h ? E i o W h a ta r e t h e i n c e n t i v ets L e a r n n g t i s h n G e r m a n y ?

with Pi[ar. f.trlD Listen to a conversation 1 2 P b W h a ta r e t h e m a i nd i f e r e n c e se t w e e n i L a r ? a n d N o r m a n H o wa r e t h e Ys i mi l a r ? F r o mw h a tP l l a r s a y s ,w h a td o w e k n o wa b o u t : w o a h e r l e v e I f E n g L i s h h e ns h e f i r s tw e n t ? to Britain s b t h e p e o p t e h e s p e n th e r t i m ew i t h ? g e c h e r e x p e r i e n c o f | ' e a r n i nF r e n c h ?

/" a Look at these sentencesfrom the conversations. t C o m p t e t eh e g a p s . L an g u a g e L e a nI n g r 1 t h e m o s ti m p o r t a n i m n T h e s c h o o le d u c a t i o t h e r eh e t p e d e t o i n o r d e rt o - . h | n t En , C o n v e r s a . t i o n a Ig t i s hI m o s t [ y ' e a r n eid t h e c o n t e x o f h a v i n g a d speakers. E native n'gtish b a l i t t t e i tm o r e . m T h a th e t p e d e a l o tt o t h i sc u t t u r e t c o m i n g o t h e U K f o r t h e f i r s tt i m e a n dS o ,t e t l , r n a b o u t e t h el a n g a g e . u |' | tW a s . V e rd i f i c ut ote v e n . y t h e| . a n g u a g e ' t s lF r e n c h o m et i m eu w ' n u t n o I d i d n ' q u i t e

3 4 5

b "IEDListen to check. c W h i c he x p r e s s i o n isn 4 a a r e a b o u t : 1 2 3 learning [anguage? a c t h a v i n g o n t a c w i t ha L a n g u a g e ? u a speaking lang age?

d Tatktogether. '1 . [ s g L i s tt h e f o r e i g n a n g u a g ey o u k n o wI i n c t u d i nE n g t i s h lT h e nt a t ka b o u t w e l l y o us p e a kt h e m .U s e e x p r e s s i o nfsr o m4 a y o u t e a r n e dh e m ,a n d h o w t Ly e 2 D o y o ut h i n ki t i s i m p o r t a ntto m a s t e r ' a[ a n g u a g c o m p L e t e a n d s o u n d m y o U ro w na c c e n t n d m a k ea e W a 0 s n a t i v e p e a k e r ? r i s i t f i n et o r e t a i n y o u ' m e s s a ga c r o s s ? e a s l o n ga s y o ug e t

28

s 5 a D o y o ut h i nk t h e s es t a t e m e n t a r e t r u e ?W h y/ W h y n o t ? 1 2 3 it d e a L e a r n i n g n e w| a n g u a g c a n | . e ay o ut o a d o p ta d i f e r e nd e n t i t y . te a n o t h e n o o d tt l t ' sd i f f i c u L o t r a n s t a t e i r e c t l y r o m n e [ a n g U a 9 y [ e l t s i m p o r t a ntto f i n dy o u ro w n v o i c e i n a f o r e i g n a n g u a g a n d e x p r e s s o u r o w no e r s o n a l i t v .

with [an9ua9e Read three extractsromnove[5 a l e a r n i n g s t h e i rt h e m e .H o wd o t h e yr e f l e c t t h e s t a t e m e n t isn 5 a ?

Chinese,we not having grammar'We things simple way.No verb-change sayng no no usage-, tense differences, gender of our language But' We changes. bosses nngtih languageis boss of English user'

I could feel the French sticking in my throat, the new muscles in my mouth ... I was full of French, it was holding me up, running through me, a voice in my head, a tickle in my ear, likely to be set off at any time. A counter language.

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AlI around me, the Babe] of Amercan voices... SinceI lack a voiceof my own' the voices of othersinvade me as if I were They ricochet within a silent ventriloquist. lending me me, carrying on conversations, their moduiations,intonations,rhythms' me. them,theypossess I do not yet posseS a need;some of But soml ofthem satisfy them stick to my ribs ... Eventually'the voices enter me; bY assumingthem' I graduallYmake them mine'

E_Y#."1,r.,9

a w a a R e a dt h e e x t r a c t s g a i na n d i d e n t i f y h e r et h e s ep o i n t s r e m a d e . T h en e w [ a n g u a g e : d 1 o b e v s i f f e r e nrtu t e sa n d h a s a d i f f e r e nfto r m . t m n 2 w o r k si n o p p o s i t i ot o t h e s p e a k e r ' s o t h e r o n g u e b b t 3 i s a b s o r b e di t t l e y t i t t l e yt h e L e a r n e r . a 4 c a n b e t r i g g e r e d t a n Ym o m e n t . Learninga new language: 5 c a nb e a v i o l e n t ' o c e s 9 . P issues ocontro[. invo|ves a d r a 7 r e q u i r e s d o p t i n g i ' f e . e n s o u n d s n d s p e e c hp a l t e r n s t D b D oy o ua g r e ew i t ht h e p o i n t s ? o a n y r e f t e c y o u re x p e r i e n c e s ?

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W h a tm e s s a g e r e t h e s e[ a n g u a g e - s c h oa d v e r t s r y i n gt o c o m m u n i c a t e ? a ol t 1 2 3 4 A r e t h e yp o s i t i v e r n e g a t i v eC o n s i d e r o t ht h e i m a g ea n d t h e m e s s a g e . o ? b W h i c h s t h e m o s tc o n v i n c i n g ?h y ? i W W h a tk i n do f p e r s o nd o y o ut h i n kt h e a d v e r t s r e a i m e da t ? a W h i c ho t h e rm e s s a g e s o u t db e i m p o r t a nfto r s o m e o n e t u d y i n q n q L i s h t w s E a a d v a r c e de v e l ? l

W h i c ha r e a so y o u r E n g t i s h o y o ut h i n ky o u n e e dt o w o r k o n ? d i d i o m a t ie x p r e s s i o n s w r i t i n g c s p e a k i n gl u e n t t y f p r o n u n c i a t i o n p r o b l e mx a m p r a c t i c e es listeningcomprenensron g r a m m a t i c a t a c c u r a c y w r i i i n g a c c u r a t e l ya c t i v e v o c a b u l a r y f ur l E D L i s t e nt o S y b i t t ea t k i n g b o u th e r E n g t i s hW h i c ho f t h e a r e a si n 2 a d o e s t a . t a t ka b o u t ? 3 a T h i n ka b o U t o u r t a n g u a g a b i | ' i t i e 5 d p [ a n s o rt e a r n i n g n g [ i 5 hc o m p | ' e t e y e an E . e x p r e s s i o n 'sl - 7 s o t h e ya r e t r u e f o r y o u . T a [ k i n g b o u ts t r o n g/ w e a k p o i n t s a 1 I l d o nt l f e e lc o n f i d e n.t. .. 2 I m q u l t ef r e a s o n a b Lh a p p y i t h y w m y . . ., b u t . . .t s a n o t h e r t o r y . s Discussina plan g 8 I d f l n d. . .a g r e a th e l p/ r e a t l y us e f uL 9 | ' db e n e f t o m' . .' ir

P l an s a n d pr i or i ti e s

I tu I I E D L i s t e na g a i n .W h i c he x p r e s s i o nd i d S y b i t t e s e ? s u W o r ka t o n e . o m p t e t eh e q u e s t i o n n a i ro n p a g e1 2 7 . C e t b W o r ki n A / B p a i r s . 1 2 3 D i s c u s y o u ra b i t i t i e sn dn e e d s . s a L o o ka t y o u rp a r t n e r ' c o m p L e t eq u e s t i o n n a i r e d m a k es u g g e s t i o n s . s d an L i s t e n o y o u rp a r t n e r ' s e s p o n s eD o y o ua g r e e ? t r .

L i s t e nt o f e e d b a c kr o m o t h e rp e o p l e n c l a s s .D oy o u s h a r es i m i l a rc o n c e r n s ? f i

30

ts &ttitutle$ x!!$lism GuItuGs

t E T n n t R e a d h eb a c k g r o u n id f o r m a t i o o n t h e P h i t i p p i n e s .h e nl o o ka t t h e a d v e r tp r o m o t i n g n g l i s h h e r e . o s 1 W h i c h f t h e s es t a t e m e n td o y o ut h i n ka r e t r u e ? g n p i s a M o s ty o u n g e o p l e n t h e P h i t i p p i n ea r e nt i n t e r e s t e id | ' e a r n i nE n g t i s h . e b E n g t i s hs s e e na s a [ a n g u a g o t h e u p p e rc l a s s e s . i y h i o c T h es t a n d a r d E n g t i s h a s i m p r o v e dn r e c e n t e a r s ' p n a a d M o s ty o u n g e o p t e r e b i t i n g u ai t E n g t i s h n d F i l i p i n o . h s u e E n g t i s h s e dt o b e m o r ew i d e t y p o k e ni n t h e P h i t i p p i n ets a ni t i s n o w . [[ a p e o e f Y o u n g e o p | 'a T ea w a T e t h e i m p o r t a n co f E n g | i s h s a n i n t e r n a t i o n aa n g u a g e . f s k W h a t o y o ut h i n t h e r e a s o n s o r t h e s ea t t i t u d e m i g h ib e ? d s l nw h a tw a ya r e t h e s ea t t i t u d e u n u s u a [ ?

The Philippines,in South east Asia, consists of over 7,000 islands. With an estimated population of 92 million people, it is the Wor|d's12th most popu|os country to Wereru|edby spain' |n 1B9B,the spanish ceded the Phi|ippines ihe tJsA, Between 1565and 898,the Phi|ippines th Whichcontro||ed country untiIindependence in 1946. (a in Englishand Fjlipino verslonof languages ihe Philippinesr therehave been two official Sinceindependence, Another 170 indigenous languages are also spoken. Tagalog).

h . information c c o m p a n y i ntg e a d v e r tW h a t a E d e s c r i b i n c o m m o na t t i t u d e q t o n gt i s h ? g Find four otherverbs that havea ': 19. lhr l i o f E n g t i s hn y o u rc o u n t r y ?s i t : y l m o v e s o uu p t h e s o c i a [ a d d e r ? degreeprogramme? everyuniversity i s n t i a I o rw o r k i n g n c e r t a i n e c l o r s ? f subject? evit? g o f e n r i c h i n y o u rl i e ?

Thereis a culturalhindrance the to practice Englishamong the youth: of many lackthe self-confidence speakEnglish to becausethey are afraidto makemistakes, and Englishis now perceived etitist. as In otherWord5: is perceived yet anothe it a5 obstacle socialsuccess to and integra on, rather than a meansto achieveit.Thereis an urgentneed to convincethe youth to be proud to be bilingual.

young peopte?

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L i i r a t t i t u dt o E n g t i s hs t y p i c a o f p e o p t en y o u rc o u n t r y ? e k it? g r i e n d s a m i L a n d c o t t e au e s s p e a f' y c o t o E n g t i s h h a n g e d v e rt h e y e a r s ?

31

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t n n T E t R e a d h e b a c k g r o u n id f o r m a t i o o n t h e P h i t i p p i n e s .h e nl o o ka t t h e a d v e r tp r o m o t i n g n g t i s h h e r e . s 1 W h i c h t h e s es t a t e m e n t d o y o Ut h i n ka r e t r U e ? o p i s n E a M o s ty o u n g e o p l e n t h e P h i t i p p i n ea r e n ' ti n t e r e s t e id l e a r n i n g n g [ i s h . b E n g t i s ih s e e na s a l a n g u a go It h eu p p e r l a s s e s . s e c y o h i c T h es t a n d a r d f E n g t i s h a s i m p r o v e dn r e c e n t e a r s . p d M o s ty o u n g e o p t e r e b i t i n g u ai t E n g L i s h n d F i L i p i n o . a n a u s h e E n g t i s h s e dt o b e m o r ew i d e l y p o k e ni n t h e P h i [ i p p i n ets a ni t i s n o w . p e a ll Y o u n g e o p t e r e a w a r eo t h e i m p o r t a n c o f E n g | i s h s a n i n t e r n a t i o n aa n g u a g e ' a W h a td oy o ut h i n kt h e r e a s o n s o r t h e s ea t t i t u d e m i g h tb e ? f s I nw h a t a ya r e t h e s ea t t i t u d e u n u s u a t ? w s

peop|e, The Philippines,jn south.east Asia, consists of over 7,000 is|ands.With an esiimated population o92 mi||ion it is the world's 12ih most populous country were ruledby Spain.In 1BgB,the Spanishceded the Philippines the USA, to Between 1565and 1898,the Philippines whichcontrolled countrvuntilindeDendence 1946. the in jn (a since independence' therehave been two ofjcia| |anguages the PhjIippines: EngIish and FiIipino Version of Tagalog). Another 170 indigenous languages are also spoken.

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d e s c r i b i n c o m m o na t t i t u d e s - tE n g t i s h ? g o Find four other verbs that havea i l o f E n g t i s hn y o u rc o u n t r y ?s i t : y m o v e s o uu p t h e s o c i a l| ' a d d e r ? degreeprogram me? everyuniversity i s a If o rw o r k i n g n c e r t a i n e c t o r s ? subject? you gpeopte? n o e n r i c h i n y o u rl i e ? g rally threatening?

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Thereis a culturalhindrance to the practice Englishamong the youth: of many lackthe self-confidence speak to English becausethey are afraidto make mistakes, and Englishis now perceived as etitist. In otherwords:it is perceived yet as another obstacleto socialsuccess and integration, ratherthan a meansto achieveit. Thereis an urgentneed to convincethe youth to be proud to be bilingual.

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a r I E D L o o ka t t h e s c r i p to n p a g e1 4 9a n d t i s t e n a g a i n . d e n t i f yh e p a r t sw h e r es z e b e s tg e t s h e r l t mesSa9e cross. a b W h i c hs t r a t e g i e s o y o u t h i n ky o u u s e w h e n d y o us p e a kE n g t i s h ? o y o ut h i n ky o u u s e t h e m D c o n s c i o u s lo r un c o n s c i o u s t y ? y

a P r e p a r e o t a t ka b o u to n e o f t h e s et o p i c s : t ' a n e x p e r i e n cf r o mw h i c hy o u l e a r n e d e s o m e t h i n gm p o r t a n t . h yw a s i t s i g n i f i c a n t ? i W . a n e x p e r i e n co f b e i n ga b r o a dW h a td i dy o u f i n d e . i n t e r e s t i n g , c i t i n g r d i f fc u l t ? ex o i o y o u re x p e r i e n c o f u s i n gE n g l i s hW h a th a s e . b e e nc h a l L e n g i n ig ,t e r e s t i no r u n e x p e c t e d ? n g I 2 3 M a k en o t e so n t h e m a i nt h i n g sy o uw i l Ls a y . T h i n ka b o u th o wy o u c o u l du s e s o m eo f t h e s t r a t e g i e isn 2 . T h i n ko f w a y st o s t r e t c h o u r s e t fl t r yt o g o a y y b i t b e y o n d o u rc o m f o r t a b ttem i tl n E n g t i s h l . i

t h es t a r t f t h e n o v e o n p a g e1 2 .W h a td o o l a b o u t h ew a yi t i s w r i t t e n ? t o S z et a t k i n g b o u t h e n o v e t n d a t a o f E n g t i s ht u s e s . h a td o e ss h e s a y i W f i r s t i x m o n t h sn t h eU K ? s i

. b T a t kw i t ha p a r t n e rL i s t e nt o e a c ho t h e r ' s t o p i ca n d a s k q u e s t i o n so f i n do u t m o r e . t W h i c hs t r a t e g i e sr o m2 d i dy o u b o t hu s e ? f

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in h How woutdyou ctassifyunbelievably terms of intensity? S A d d a n a d v e r bi n t h e c o r r e c tp o s i t i o n . e x t r e m e t yf u t t y p r a c t i c a t t y hi gh L y g e n e r a t t y L g I d s a y h i s v i e w so n l a n g u a g e e a r n i na r e qu e s t i o n a b | . e . I m a w a r eo f t h e t i m e ,t h a n ky o u . w T r u e a n s i | [f i n dt h e b o o kd i s a p p o i n t i n g ' a T h e ya r e h a p p y t w o r k ,b u ts a y t h e yd o nt m u c nm o n e y . h l t ' si m p o s s i b l t o t e a c hs o m e o n e o wt o b e e wnter. vivid ty strongly thoroughl.y oeepLy entirety enloy remember believe re9rei

t k M a t c ht h e e x a m p l e s o t h e s eu s e s :
a 0 c

t s u m m a r i s i n gh e p l o t so f b o o k so r f l l m s . writinga review. n a c r e a l i n g s e n s eo i r r ' m e d i a ci y p a S l n ar r a t t v e s .

m . L o o ka t t h e s ee x a m p l e s I nw h a tc o n t e x t i g h t y o u f i n dt h e m ?A r e t h e h i g h l i g h t ev e r b s r e f e r r i n g ci to the present,past or uture? i 1 B a dw e a t h e r s s e t t o c o n t i n u e . E a w T h r e ey e a r sl a t e r , a r b e t w e e n n g l a n d n d 2

2 3 4
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b A r g e n t i n a r e a k so u t o v e rt h e F a t k l a n d s . w l e a v e :a t ' 1 0 . 1 5 ,e v e s t i l [g o ta n h o u r . 3 T h eb u s 6 t e i . l s e t h a ty o u h a v et h e d a t ea n d m 4 David W e v e r y t h l n g . h e ni s i t t o b e ? t $ r a i t i n go r s o m e t h i n go h a p p e n f W e ' r ea t | ' n t h e ns u d d e n t t h e r ew a s a t e r r i b l e o i s e . y and f y o uw e n tt o B u l g a r i a o r y o u rh o t i d a y . 6 I hear 'l7th a n dt h e n I m c o n r i n g o 7 I r : rL e a v i n g n t h e w e e kl a t e n b a c ka y 8 l w r i t e t o i n f o r m o ut h a ty o u h a v eb e e n o f t h e l u c k Yw i n n e r s . c h o s e na s o n e h t L t 9 Y o ua i t a c ht h e i t e i k e h i S , h e nc L i c k e r e it. andsend '10 i N o t a g a i n lI m a t w a y so s i n gm y w a t L e t 3 s a S o m ev e r b sc a n d e s c r i b e t a t e sa n d a c t i v i t i e s , n . b u tw i t ha d i f e r e n ci e m e a n i n gW h a ti s t h e 1 d i f f e r e n c i n t h e s ee x a m p l e s ? e 1 2 a u a I t h i n kI p i c k e d p m o s to f m y E n g t i s h t b a b c a I n e v e rk n o ww h a t h e s t h i n k i n E n y m o r e . s ' I s e e w h a ty o u ' r e a y i n q b L t I d n ' ta g r e e . W e r e s e e i n ge a c ho t h e rf o r d i n n e r 7a s S h e ' 5s e i n g o m e9 u y .I d o n ' tk n o w| f i t w i t t last. w I e x p e c ty o u r e h a p p y i t ht h e r e s u l t ? t I e x p e c t h e yL [ i n t o n i g h tt,h e yr e p L a y i n g t w athome. t a S c S h e s e x p e c t i n g o m e o n eo a r r i v e t t w o . I i m a g i n es h e m i s s e sh e r f a m i l y . h t T h e r es n o t h i n g h e r e- y o u r e i u s t ! r r i aig i n gt h i n g s . n
scnoot.

w a M a t c ht h e a d v e r b s i t h t h e v e r b s .

w s b M a k es e n t e n c e s i t ht h e c o l l o c a t i o ny o u regret not going to study in Austrata' l deepy R e a do u t o n l yt h e l a s t p a r to f y o u rs e n t e n c e s . g C a n y o u r p a r t n e r u e s sh o wt h e yb e g i n ?

s s M a k es e n t n c eu s i n gc o m b i n a t i o no t h e s e a ad i n t e n s i y i n g v e r b s n d t h e V e r b si n a . y d e f i n i t e t yc o m p t e t e | . t o t a t t y a b s o t u t e t y agree withyou. I totatty c W h a ta d v e r b s o u l db e u s e da s a r e s p o n s e ?

a T a k et u r n st o m a k ea c o m m e n t n d r e s p o n d . an adverb. , A g r e eo r d i s a g r e eu s i n g 1 2 3 4 F o o t b a l l e re a r nf a r t o o m u c h m o n e y . s s M o s tp o l i t i c i a na r e c o r r u p t . r D oy o u r e m e m b e y o u rf i r s td a ya t s c h o o i ? r | s n ' tt i f ew o n d e u L ?

b Comparea nswers.

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34

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I a H o wm a n ye x p r e s s i o nw i t h l 3 n g u a $ e a n y o u s c r e m e m b efrr o mt h i s u n i t ? T h i n k b o u t o ur c a t e g o r i e s : a f A l p h r a s a Ue r b s v +[ a n g u a g e B l a n g u a g u s e dt o e m o d i fa n o u y n take up a Language
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M a t c ht h e s ei d i o m sw i t ht h e i rd e f i n i t i o n s . h i c h W i d i o m sd o t h e c a r t o o n s h o w ? s I 2 3 4 5
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l w a s r e a t t ys n qu e - t i e i j . i H e d i d nl l e t ' n e g e i a ' i . o ; ' d- ' e C q e ! v J \ ' i . i H e k e p tb e a t i n g b c u l t h e i l u s h . a | c o u l d n s l r i n ga s e n t e n c e o g e i h e r . t t p M a k ey { , ] ro i n ia s q u i c k [ y s y o uc a n . a t a t ka r o u n d h et o p i cn o lg e l l o l h e p o : r t t , g i v ea n o p i n i o n t e a r l y c s p e a ka r t i c u l a t e | . y u n a b l e o h a v ea c h a n c e o s p e a kb e c a u s e t t

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A d dw o r d s n t h e b o xt o t h e g a p st o m a k e i . e x p r e s s i o n s t hl an g u a 6 eW h i c hc a t e g o r yn 8 a wi i doeseachexpression belongto? grasp preserve command maste r s k i t l s g e tb y i n c o m m o n s e c o n d barrier picked p exposure u 1 H ew a sa y o u n g m e r i c a n i t ha n u n u s u a L A w ofFarsi, tanguage e a h f r o ma n l r a n i a e x c h a n gs t u d e n t . n e ''lmagine h o wh a r di t w o u [ d e w i t h o u a g o o d b t o h e | . a n g u a g e ,h e s a i d . t s ,' I nb u s i n e sc i r c l e s E n g t i s hs o f t e nt h e s , i l a n g u a ga m o n gp e o p l e r o md i f f e r e n t e f nationalities. SeeinthemseLves videostudents re g on , a m o r e o t i v a t e d i m p r o v eh e i rl a n g u a g e m to t b e c a u s eh e yw a n tt o s o un d b e t t e r n d t a |'ook better. B u tt h ef a c to f t h e m a t t e r s , i t t a k e sa w h i l et o i
, a | . a n g u a g e s p e c i a l l yi y o U d o n ' t g e t

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l a n g u a g ea n d h e c a n , l l a t i a nt o o l

b r a E l L i s t e nt o t h e i d i o m si n c o n t e x tW h a ti s e a c h . s p e ak e r t a I k i n g b o u t ? a ' l @ L i s t e na g a i n .H o wd o s p e a k e r s t r e s st h e s kev words?

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l p i c k e d p a b i to f G r e e kw h e nI w a s u o n h o t i d a y , tI v e f o r g o t t e m o s to f i t . bu n

35

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a C o v e rt h e d e s c r i p t i o na n d c o m p a r e a pA ( w h i c h h o w sl a n da r e a ]w i t h B a n d s m s W h a td o y o u n o t i c e b o u tt h e c o n t i n e n ta n d i n d i v i d u acl o u n t r i e sn m a p s B a n d a s i W h a td o y o ut h i n kt h e ys h o w ?

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b R e a dt h e d e s c r i p t i o no f m a p s B a n d C . s

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This map shows the distribution the world,swealth of in 2002, based on the GDp (Gross Domestic of each country.The region with the lowestwealth Central Africa; its cDP was 0.8olothat of the richest region,Nofth America.There was a vast increase in world's total wealth in the 40 years between 1960 2000: wealth per person moTethan doubled.and world'scDP rose by about 250Vo.The most developmentwas the growth of Japan, China, the Republicof Korea and Taiwan.

In Spring 2000, world populationestimates reached 6 bi||ion(that is, six thousand milIion).The istribution of the earth's populationis shown in this map. The size of each country shows the proportionqf lhe world's p o p u l a t i o n i v i n gt h e r e . l For example, Canada is sligh y bigger than the USA, But as the map shows, the USA has a much larger population.The map also shows that the countries of South and East Asia have by far the largest populations relative to their size.

c T a l ka b o u tm a p s B a n d C .
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t h e s em a p s ?

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36

and changes'What words in the box cou[d a Sentences1-3 are aboutdifferences t w o r d s ?D o t h e yc h a n g e h e m e a n i n g ? t r e p [ a c eh e h i g h t i g h t e d e a s i [ y h u g e c o n s i d e r a b t ys i g n i f i c a n t d r am a t i c s i g n i f i c a n t t Y m a s s i v e e n o r m o u s f a r a n d a w a y f a r m arginaIty '] i 1 T h e r eW a sa V a s ti n c r e a s en w e a l t hb e t w e e n 9 0 a n d 1 9 9 0 . t o 2 T h e c o u n t r i e s f A s i a h a v eb y f a r t h e L a r g e sp o p u t a t i o n s ' t h a nt h e U S A ' b u ta s t h e m a p s h o w s 't h e U S A h a s a b c.nua" is stightty igger r m u c h | ' ag e rP o P u L a t i o n . 2a' b Write one or two more senlencesbased on the maps, like those in " c R e a do u ty o u rs e n t e n c e sD o o t h e rp e o p l ea g r e e ?

3a

L o o ka t t h e m a p sa g a i n . What n p a l m a g i n e m a p s h o w l n g o p u l a t i o in 2 0 5 0 H o ww o u l di t b e d i f f e r e n t ? or smatler? c o u n t T i em i g h tb e b i g g e r s t o o k ? h i n ka b o u t : T . i g a 2 i m a g i n e m J p s r , o w i w e a t t h n t h ey e a r1 5 0 0 H o ww o u l di t . N o r t hA m e r i c a . . C e n t r a la n d S o u t hA m e r i c a . India. . China. . E ur o p e . ' t h e N 4 i d d t ea s t . E pairs. StudentA, tookon p 127'student B, look on p 13.Tettyour b Work in A"/B partnerwhat your map shows Then let him/hersee the map' 1 p13.What is the main filEt Listen to two peopletatkingaboutthe map on each speaker makes? Are any the same as your ideas? maps mean' a The speakers used variousexpressionsto tatk aboui what the expressionsromthe box' with theysay? completethe 5entences What.did is aPParenl r e v e a m u c ha b o u l I o t h es i 9 n i i c a n c e a indicate bout a s t h e m a p ss h o w m e a n st h a t n y d o e s n ' t e c e s s a r i lm e a n Speaker A c h f r o mt h e s em a p si s h o wl i t t L e a s a c t u a l t y h a n g e d ' i 0 n e t h i n gt h a tp o o rh a s g o t b i g g e r ' r e 2 lnfact , t h e d i f f e r e n cb e t w e e n i c h a n d Speaker B t h e m a p si s ' s n 3 I m a c t u a l l y o tr e a l l y u r ew h a twealth? 4 What do theyreallyLife$tyte. 5 lt doesnt ' m p i t W a s n ' t r o d u c i n g U c hW e a L t h ' t |supposehis w e r eP o o r ' t h a tt h e y 7 T h a tb l@ Listen againto chck. 2050'Whatdo youthink the a Work in groups.lmaginea map showing wortd'swealthin possibleideas,and if you tike,draw a rough map" it woutdiook tike?Sketchout using t y b P r e s e n t o u ri d e a st o t h e c l a s s .I n t e r p r ew h a ty o u r ' m a p 's h o w s ' from 2a. expressions Write abouta maP. 1 m l m a g i n e a P st h a tw o u l ds h o w : e t . w i c hc o u n t r i e s r o d u c e h e m o s tg r e e n h o u sg a s e s . p t . w h i c hc o u n t r i e s s e t h e l n t e r n e m o s t ' u t . w h i c hc o u n t r i e s a v et h e m o s ta n d l e a s tv i o t e nc r i m e h w s W w r i t ea s h o r td e s c r i p t i o n h i c hc o u n t r i e o r r e g i o n s o u t db e o C h o o s e n e ,a n d b i g g e sa n d s m a [ [ e s t ? t point

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{ Typesof food

a D i s c u s s h e s eq u e s t i o n s . t I 2 3 W h a ts e e m t o b e t h e m a i nd i f f e r e n c eis t h e f o o dt h e t w of a m i l i e s a t ? n e W h e r ed o y o ut h i n kt h e yd o t h e i rs h o p p i n g ? W h a tk i n do f d i s h e sd o y o ut h i n kt h e ym a k e ?

b T a [ ka b o u to t h e rt h i n g st h a ts t r i k ey o u a s i n t e r e s t i n a b o u tt h e p h o t o s . g 2 a W h i c hw o r d si n t h e b o xb e l o wc o [ o c a t e i t h r w . ood? ' drinks? " both? C a n y o u s e e e x a m p l e s f t h e mi n t h e p h o t o s ? o n L l r i i o L s b o l l t e d o r i e d r a h e - a w a y [ o c a t tp r o d u c e d y sugar-free GM packaged fizzy canned raw diet reined o r o r e s s o d s o f t c o n v e ' ' ] i e ' ' ] c w - a l w h o I e r r e a ' Lo

b W h i c hw o r d sh a v ea s i m i t a rm e a n i n g ?
and diet.Which are types of These words are commonlyused to talk aboutood ood, /hich contaned and are inood?Give examp[es. p u l s e s l i b r e c e r e as da -yproducls protein carbohydrate

d H o w m u c hd o y o u e a t o r d r i n ko f e a c ht y p eo f f o o do r d r i n k i n 2 a a n d2 c ?

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l m a g i n e p h o t oo f y o u r l o r y o u rf a m i t y ' sflo o df o r o n ew e e k "M a k en o t e sa b o u t a w h a ti t m i g h ts h o w . y b D e s c r i b e o u r ' p h o t ot' o o t h e rs t u d e n t sW h i c hp h o t oo n t h i s p a g ei s m o s t .

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I a Youwi[1. read an artictewhich accompanied photos,describing the how eating habitshavechangedin the worl.d. What do you tt int it \^/if t ,"y these topics? "oout . newtechnoiogies . seasona[ood " matnutritjon . f o o d o rc o n v e n i e n c e p r o c e S s e d foods . obesity " b R e a da n d c h e c k .

transition
oneeats.Peoplearound worlddifferin manyways,but the dinnerunitesus a . ahroughout history, humans we a|Ways foundnourishing Ways use Whatever to oodWecou|d|ayour handson. the ear|iest d]etsWerehUntecl gathered from the foods that were available a resultof geograpny as anO climate.But u" aoon u" puopll "*:.^i:: .:^:,|.^*"''"'.".t:.|."1 As the' photographs in"' d|ets of most World popu|ations -o]9 moved werr "n", beyond "u|.|."nt hunting and gathering. Theyhavelevorved responseto changesin food production in that

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foods beeaten to rone lh:j:)::l:::"j:: ::::'"1tlo.1:":::g::*rs.aeo. they grown harvested are and (hence ketchup)' meansor transportatlo NeW _-ra#' : ;.:i.;:]: /e'r lechnorogies as refrigeration) as such - meanthatfoodsgrown one prace 'fresh, in can be consumed thousands mi|es of away. Thus, evenin someplace ''"'ot" u" ah",u",pJ"o'" J;;;:u]';'-; u" alow companjes makeshetfstabre to food products 3":._:::::::l"l1jandconsumed betransported l:: !!:::."'"F,r:"hnorosies muchIater (Jike pasta)' technoIogi". *^'.il;";J"''Ji NeW n"uJ products, * Iike.instant cofee CheeseWhiz'NewmarKet|ng and methods create can :"]lj:::T: demand for products
such (chiefamongthem,the armostubiquitous coca-cora). photographs even more to teil us. As confricts have resorve peoprein deveroping and countriesbecome f,1heyacqUire stabIeresources more and 2change Way the they*t. rn"v i"*ioiv 5i,;;];;;;;#";; ItheirdietsWithfoods obtainedfrom anima|sources'Tey ouy .o," "u., more sweetfoods and more foods: theyeat more mearsprepared others.soon theyeat more by food in generai. Theystart gaining omeoverweight, 4deverop then heartdisease,diabetes, and the otherchronicdiseases so commonin ed societies. HereWe havethe greatironyof modernnUtrition: a time at Whenhundreds mil|ions of o eat, hundreds milions more are eatingroo much and are of overweight obese. or Ti::l:.".::Sl poorest l: inthevery countries, morepeopIe overweight are tn underweight. Some socia||y conscioUs strugq|ing eed to theirhungry populations mUstalSocontend With hea|tn the prob]ems peopIe o Who food. phenomenon

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the philippines wjththose from France,Australiaand the united of obesity srisrng are rapidry at countries, are highestin the most inoustriaiised in but countries. To just examine shopping the tistsand food displays.

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2 a Matchdevelopments with exampl.es 1-S a_e. How are they connected? preservation transportation processingtechnotogies manufacturingtechnoLogies m ar k e t i n g e t h o d s m 'nutritibn b W h a ti s transition'? I 2 3 4 5 a b c d e Coca-Cota instancoffee t oranges pasta ketchup

tc?

a T h eh i g h t i g h t e d r b si n t h e a r t i c t e r e u s e dt o d e s c r i b e ve a changes nd a deve[opments. Which describe: 1 2 c h a n g e sn d i e t ? i o b e s i t y n d h e a r td i s e a s e ? a

b W h a ta r e t h e n o u nf o r m so f t h e h i g h t i g h t ev e r b s ? d evolve+ evolution T r yu s i n gn o u n si n s t e a d f t h e v e r b si n t h e a r t i c r . e .h a t o w o t h e rc h a n g e s o u t db e w necessary? HowWoutdthis afect meanino? the u a r eg o i n gt o h a v ea d i s c u s s i o n b o u tt h e w a y t e c h n o L o g y a h a sc h a n g e d o o d f b i t s . t u d e nA , t o o ko n p 1 2 8 . t u d e n t , t o o ko n p 1 3 5 . S t S B

39

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' a e v e n t s n d c h a n g e sn a Y o ua r e g o i n gt o l i s t e nt o A d r i a nt a L k i n g b o u ti m p o r t a n t you think he witt say? a.itain. loo"t tt'e photos.What do a tlE) what he says? Listen.How do the photosiLlustrate t o joining heEU on: W h a td o e sA d r i a ns a y a b o u tt h e e f f e c t f r. . o o d ? . c o o k i n 9 ? . T V c o o r < e py o g r a m r o e s ? p r e p o s i t i o c o m e sn e x t ? n s e L o o ka t t h e s ee x p r e s s i o nA d r i a nu s e s 'W h a t s l ] T h i sh a c a t Ik i n d So c o n s e q u e n c e o r 2 T h i sh a da n i m p a c l . r 3 T h i sg a ' r e i s e . . . 4 l n t sL e o . . 5 T h i sw a s a d i r e c tc o n s e q u e n c e l s m o r et h a n o n e a n s w e r b M a t c ht h e e x p r e s s i o n isn 3 a w i t ht h e s ee n d i n g s ' a b c d e . . .a w h o l en e ws t y l eo f B r i t i s hc o o k t n g t s . . .p e o P l e a t t i t u d eo f o o d | ' . .t h ew a p e o p | e i v e . j g . . . o i n i n t h eE U . o . . .a n e w w a v e f T V c h e f s '

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n n e wt e c h n o l o g y . t o r t r a n s p o rs y s t e m s " n e wb u i t d i n g s . n e wt r e n d so r f a s h i o n s a t t i t U d eo r | i e s t y t e s ' s p h t M a k ea | . i so h o wt h e c h a n 9 e s a v ea f f e c t e d e o p | e ' s t H o wa r e t h i n g sd i f f e r e nn o w ? s f l n do u t m o r e ' a o L i s t e nt o e a c ho t h e r ' s p i n i o n n d a s k q u e s t i o n t o d s a m e p l a c e , o y o ua g r e e ? l f y o uc o m ef r o mt h e

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you see? What a Whatkind of restaurantscn do type of ood vou think they serve there? How do you know?

names with the photos' theserestaurant gome restaurantdecor? Why?What does this suggestabout to wasthe easiestnationatity ideniiy? differentcountries'Describetheir where you Iivewhich offer cuisinesfrom )outrestaurants a n da t m o s P h e r e . cuisine? c )y o uk n o wa b o u tM e x i c a n u l t u r ea n d words. the negative and undertine reviewoa Mexicanrestaurant blogger,s s a r et h eb l o g g e r 'm a i nc o m P l a i n t s ? d * h ; n y o u r e a dt h e h i g h t i g h t ee x p r e s s i o n s ? ;;;;;;i;;

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41

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w b T h i n ko f a n e x p r e s s i o n i t h g e t/ g o tt o c o n t i n u e t h e s es e n t e n c e s . i 1 C o m ea n d h a v es o m ed i n n e rb e f o r e t ' y b o o k 'b u tf i n a l LI 2 l tw a s a l o n g ' f J 3 | h a t e d a p a n e s eo o da t i r s tb u ta f t e ra t i m e. . . y o ud o n l . ' . T a k ea k e yS o keepup{o-datewlth my work' butthis 5 | usuaLty w e e k. . . i c L o o ka t t h e e x a m p l e sn 1 a a n d 1 b a g a i n ' o C a n y o u u s e a n y o t h e rv e r b si n s t e a d f 9 e to r b e c o m e ? 2 t y a l m a g i n e o u o v e r h e a r dh e s er e m a r k s ' a W h a td o y o u t h i n kt h e p e o p l e r e t a l k i n ga b o u t ? In what contextwould you hear them]

w y b C o m p a r e o u re x a m p t e s i t h o t h e rs t u d e n t s ' 5 Look at the photos.How manyways can you a d w d e s c r i b e h a th a s h a p p e n e t o t h e t h i n g s n d p e o p t eu s i n gg e to r b e c o m e ? ,

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