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V. F. Mikhailov
050032 Almaty, 32, Sadovaya, 8
E-mail: vfmikhailov@mail.kz
Abstract.
In article possible process of formation of the magnetic charge on
particles in experiences with ferromagnetic aerosols is discussed.
1. Introduction.
A series of the experiments performed by us earlier, devoted
to research of effect of the magnetic charge on ferromagnetic
aerosols (Mikhailov 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993,
1995, 1998)*, has not given, unfortunately, the clear answer to a
question about the mechanism of occurrence of a magnetic charge
on a particle. However some regularities established in these
experiments allow suggesting a hypothesis which can be useful for
understanding the nature of the effect.
* The essence of the effect is as follows. Under intensive illumination the separate gas-suspended
ferromagnetic particles move in the magnetic field along its lines of force: reversal of the field vector
H also causes a reversal of the particle motion, and reducing the field to zero causes them to stop. An
increase in field strength or light intensity causes a rise in particle velocity, while decreasing these
quantities results in a reduced particle velocity. The number of particles moving in the direction of H is,
within statistical variations, equal to the number of particles moving in the opposite direction.
From the moment of monopole problem beginnings various hypotheses about
formation by magnetic monopole of atomic structures were repeatedly considered in
scientific publications. It was supposed that if magnetic monopoles exist in nature,
these monopoles can form neutral atoms, i.e. « the magnetic world » (magnetic
matter, the ‘g’ world), which consist only of the magnetic atoms (from the atoms
consisting of particles, carrying only magnetic charges), having structure similar to
structure of Bohr’ atom.
If magnetic atoms represent full similarity of Bohr ‘ atoms the frequencies of
the quanta which are let out by such atom at transitions of a magnetic charge g from
one stable orbit on another one will be determined by the formula:
mgc2 z2 1 1
νg = α 2g ( − ) (1)
2hg n12 n22
From here
Wg α 2e
mg = me 2 .. (6)
We α g
Let's determine a constant of fine structure of «magnetic world».
For this purpose we shall not resort to additional postulates, as, for example, it is
The value of this charge coincides with the value obtained before by us
experimentally (Ehrenhaft’s monopole).
2
g g g
μg = = e. (10)
2mgc mgg2
From here
αg
e= g (11)
2
It is obvious, that μg in « the magnetic world » will represent the
certain electric dipole, and correspond to Bohr's magneton in « the
electric world ».
From formulas (7), (8) and (10) we shall find the relation μe/μg and, after
obvious transformations, obtain:
e4
e
= . (12)
g g4
Substituting ħg from here in (4) and taking into account value of a magnetic charge
(9) we obtain a ratio:
4
αg = (13)
αe
Now we shall return to the formula (6) and we shall substitute in it the
obtained value αg ; then
4
Wg α e
mg = me . (14)
We 2
In experiments with ferromagnetic aerosols we observed effect of a magnetic
charge in light He-Ne laser, which wave-length λ =6328 Ǻ (photon energy is equal
1.96 eV). I.e., Wg ≤ 1.96 eV, ionization potential of hydrogen atom We = 13.6 eV. Then
the monopole mass is estimated by value
mg ≤ 2.55.10−11me , mgc2 ≤ 1.3.10−5 eV. (15)
However, the ratio (8) is not a unique opportunity to express Bohr's magneton
through a magnetic charge. . It appears, Bohr's magneton can be expressed as product
rog , where ro is classical electron radius. Then:
e e e2
μe = = g. (16)
2mec mec2
Whence:
1
g= e (17)
2α e
It is Dirac’s monopole.
By analogy
g g g2
μg = = e, (18)
2mgc mgc 2
Whence:
1
e= g. (19)
2α g
g2
= rg (20)
mgc2
g = e . (21)
Let's estimate mass of Dirac's monopole. For this purpose we shall take use again of
the formula (6) and the formula (22):
Wg
mg = me ( 2α e ) 4 . (23)
We
Using the same conditions, as at calculation Ehrenhaft’s monopole mass (15), we
obtain the following values:
mg ≤ 6.5.10−9 me , mgc2 ≤ 3,3.10−3 eV. (24)
The divergence (24) with (15) is caused by numerical factors which are present at
calculation initially.
Thus,
−11
1. Ehrenhaft’s monopole: mg ≤ 2.55.10 me , mgc2 ≤ 1.3.10−5 eV. (15)
−9
2. Dirac’s monopole: mg ≤ 6.5.10 me , mgc2 ≤ 3,3.10−3 eV. (24)
In both cases we deal with rather easy monopole. This result, to a certain
extent, will be coordinated to the result obtained by Lochak theoretically (Lochak
1983, 1985, 1995, 2002).
All stated above concerns to a variant when appearance of free magnetic charges is
consequence of ionization of neutral HМА.
But it can be considered another variant, namely, a creation of monopole-
antimonopole pairs from vacuum. Then mg≤1.96 eV, that is also, in many orders,
lighter of electron. However in this case we shall not consider this variant.
2. Discussion.
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