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a) Use the data for days 1 and 2, construct a histogram and a probability plot. Comment on the
charts obtained.
Histogram of x
Normal
Mean
StDev
N
40
20.99
0.09802
150
Frequency
30
20
10
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.0
x
21.1
21.2
21.3
Probability Plot of x
Normal - 95% CI
99.9
Mean
StDev
N
AD
P-Value
99
Percent
95
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
1
0.1
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
21.0
x
21.1
21.2
21.3
21.4
20.99
0.09802
150
0.774
0.044
b) The first step in this study is to examine the filling process from a statistical control point of
view. Use the data for days1 and 2 to establish X and R chart for the process. Interpret the
charts.
Sample M ean
21.10
21.05
_
_
X=20.9944
21.00
20.95
20.90
LC L=20.8758
1
10
13
16
Sample
19
22
25
28
0.48
Sample Range
U C L=0.4349
0.36
_
R=0.2057
0.24
0.12
0.00
LC L=0
1
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Day
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X1
20.97
20.99
20.99
20.88
20.87
21.08
20.70
20.89
21.01
20.95
21.10
21.02
21.00
20.96
10
13
X2
21.03
20.88
21.00
21.09
21.08
20.99
21.20
20.99
20.90
21.01
20.96
21.05
20.87
21.03
16
Sample
X3
21.09
20.89
20.95
21.05
20.99
21.18
20.97
21.02
20.97
21.09
21.02
21.03
21.00
21.03
19
X4
21.04
20.94
21.00
21.05
20.97
21.02
20.84
20.95
21.09
21.10
21.03
20.99
21.05
21.11
22
25
X5
20.94
20.99
20.90
21.01
21.04
21.07
21.01
20.99
21.13
21.10
21.01
21.08
20.97
21.05
28
x-bar
21.0140
20.9380
20.9680
21.0160
20.9900
21.0680
20.9440
20.9680
21.0200
21.0500
21.0240
21.0340
20.9780
21.0360
R
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.50
0.13
0.23
0.15
0.14
0.09
0.18
0.15
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21.15
20.98
20.95
20.98
20.89
21.16
21.10
20.83
20.98
20.95
21.04
20.98
20.80
21.04
20.94
20.91
20.84
20.85
20.92
20.98
20.90
20.96
20.87
20.75
21.02
20.88
20.95
20.96
20.99
21.00
21.02
21.30
21.02
20.89
20.95
21.01
21.05
20.96
20.95
21.04
21.06
20.97
21.00
21.04
20.98
20.87
20.92
21.10
21.18
20.82
20.84
21.12
21.05
21.06
21.05
21.25
20.87
21.01
21.14
21.09
21.03
21.02
21.00
21.24
21.05
20.95
20.92
21.19
20.87
21.00
21.14
20.77
21.00
20.85
21.06
21.05
20.89
20.91
21.01
20.81
Mean R = R =
629.8320
=20.99440
30
6.17
0.20567
30
629.8320
=20.999940
30
6.17
=0.20567
30
21.0480
20.8980
20.9160
21.0560
20.9520
21.0280
21.0220
20.9280
20.9860
20.9320
21.0380
21.0240
20.9380
20.9680
20.9780
21.0720
629.8320
20.99440
0.34
0.16
0.11
0.21
0.18
0.20
0.27
0.50
0.19
0.16
0.19
0.13
0.23
0.17
0.10
0.49
6.17
0.20567
Sample M ean
21.10
U C L=21.0958
21.05
_
_
X=20.9959
21.00
20.95
20.90
LC L=20.8959
1
10
13
16
Sample
19
22
25
28
Sample Range
0.48
U C L=0.3665
0.36
0.24
_
R=0.1733
0.12
0.00
LC L=0
1
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Day
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X1
20.97
20.99
20.99
20.88
20.87
21.08
20.70
20.89
21.01
20.95
10
13
X2
21.03
20.88
21.00
21.09
21.08
20.99
21.20
20.99
20.90
21.01
16
Sample
X3
21.09
20.89
20.95
21.05
20.99
21.18
20.97
21.02
20.97
21.09
19
X4
21.04
20.94
21.00
21.05
20.97
21.02
20.84
20.95
21.09
21.10
22
25
X5
20.94
20.99
20.90
21.01
21.04
21.07
21.01
20.99
21.13
21.10
28
x-bar
21.0140
20.9380
20.9680
21.0160
20.9900
21.0680
0.0000
20.9680
21.0200
21.0500
R
0.15
0.11
0.10
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.00
0.13
0.23
0.15
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21.10
21.02
21.00
20.96
21.15
20.98
20.95
20.98
20.89
21.16
21.10
20.83
20.98
20.95
21.04
20.98
20.80
21.04
20.94
20.91
20.96
21.05
20.87
21.03
20.84
20.85
20.92
20.98
20.90
20.96
20.87
20.75
21.02
20.88
20.95
20.96
20.99
21.00
21.02
21.30
21.02
21.03
21.00
21.03
21.02
20.89
20.95
21.01
21.05
20.96
20.95
21.04
21.06
20.97
21.00
21.04
20.98
20.87
20.92
21.10
21.03
20.99
21.05
21.11
21.18
20.82
20.84
21.12
21.05
21.06
21.05
21.25
20.87
21.01
21.14
21.09
21.03
21.02
21.00
21.24
21.01
21.08
20.97
21.05
21.05
20.95
20.92
21.19
20.87
21.00
21.14
20.77
21.00
20.85
21.06
21.05
20.89
20.91
21.01
20.81
Mean R = R =
566.8880
=20.99585
27
4.68
0.17333
27
566.8880
=20.99585
27
21.0240
21.0340
20.9780
21.0360
21.0480
20.8980
20.9160
21.0560
20.9520
21.0280
21.0220
0.0000
20.9860
20.9320
21.0380
21.0240
20.9380
20.9680
20.9780
0.0000
566.8880
20.99585
0.14
0.09
0.18
0.15
0.34
0.16
0.11
0.21
0.18
0.20
0.27
0.00
0.19
0.16
0.19
0.13
0.23
0.17
0.10
0.00
4.68
0.17333
4.68
=0.17333
27
20 20 .99585
P Z
P ( Z 13 .36 ) 1
0.07452
d) A group is formed to study the process further with the hopes of reducing the known variation
in the process. It is determined the most likely cause of variation centered around the fact that
adjustments were made assuming a much smaller practical size than actually was present in the
cat food. We address this common cause problem and change the process. Data are collected
for a day 3. Use X and R charts to assess the process change. You might want to stage the data
showing difference before and after process change. Can you specify an economic advantage
associated with the process change?
Sample M ean
21.10
21.05
U C L=21.0297
_
_
X=20.9951
21.00
LC L=20.9605
20.95
20.90
1
13
17
21
25
Sample
29
0.48
Sample Range
33
37
41
45
0.36
0.24
U C L=0.1269
_
R=0.06
LC L=0
0.12
0.00
1
13
17
21
25
Sample
29
33
37
41
45