5/14/2012 9:52:00 PM Music of Japan Gagaku: Japanese court music music from o tang dynasty china o korea o India/persia

/persia they still in pieces preserved they keep record from where they came from having everything right in the music area will help with empire oldest living orchestral tradition taken up by zen budihst monks

hichiriki: small reed instrument rueteki: flute wagon: type of zither mah: the silence that frames sound developed in relation to Shinto religion Fuke: sect of sen Buddhism that used shakuhachi for meditation Komuso are part of this sect Koto: it's a zither might be related to wagon (type of zither) used to have silk strings but now has Teflon strings has ivory bridges: when you raise bridge you increase tension and increase volume disadvantage you cant finger different notes on the bridge but you press and bend note various styles of playing koto

most iconic of Japanese instruments

Shamisen: three string lute has a face made of cat skin came from china originally many styles played with big pick used in all kinds of different musics very rhythmic

sanshin: use snake skin played with finger pick type of lute shakuhachi 1 foot 8 inches made from type of bamboo, madake bamboo root end end blown flute notch flute, which allows to get the sound notch taken out and that where you play in flute used to be part of the gagaku ensemble Zen Buddhism used by fuke to try to reach enlightenment idea that "all beings are fundamentally united in some way enlightenment through one note idea that you can achieve spiritual enlightenment, universal consciousness komuso: itinerant monks icon, wore baskets over their head "priests of nothingness"

ronin: a samurai who has lost his leader and thus not permitted to carry a sword a sort of rogue samurai Sho: mouth organ of the gagaku ensemble Gakabiwa: lute of the gagaku ensemble Sankyoku: Means three music trio music 17th century form of chamber music Wasn't sacred Played in upper levels of society Featured instruments: o Koto (player would also sing) o Shamisen o Shakuhachi (one foot eight inches) Two main players in history: o Kinko kurosawa: japanesse monks, became founder of kinko school of shakyhachi o Nakao tozan: compiled shakuhachi music, wanted to compose new music, compiled Russian folk melodies in shakuhachi music, founder of tozan school 3 genres o Honyoku: shakuhachi genre that tries to emulate the traditional zen meditation music Features no other instruments than shakuhachi o Sankyoku: trio ensamble music, chamber music o Shinkyoku: anything that doesn't fit into the other genres PVC Movement shakuhachi o about $3000 for a regular typical one o what the PVC movement was, is that you could basically make a shakuhachi yourself wiith a drill press and a saw, dollars worth, you can make a decent shakuhachi with a pvc

Chinese Music Guqin: a chinese zither Used in ritual music, upper class only Solo meditative music Confucius composed music harmonic node: where the string doesn't vibrate naturally there is a balance in the instrument o center of it is like an = equal sign o to achieve balance you have to play equal parts on both sides of the qin

the dao: the way, the universe everything in the universe everywhere dao de jing: sacred scriptures of daoism wu wei: non-action finding ones way through the world by understanding movement of the dao Harmonics: marked on the qin by hui Confucian ideals in music: Mostly a philosophy Concerns are instructions to live your life Idea of balance in society Music and society Balance that ought to exist in music it would affect society Music is a reflection of society o right music will balance society o unbalanced music will harm society o dynasties and tuning systems The art of listening

stories about listeners o Boya and friends What do people listen for? What do they hear? The highest music is soundless o No longer controlled by sound so understand deeper meaning of sound

Da Hu Jia big barbarian pipe Tells of story of woman who was captured by barabarians, people in far north of china and she was a princess, they took her, married a barbarian prince and had children, finally she was able to go back to her own land Story of cai wenji Jianpu: simplified notation Tablature: indicates fingering instead of notes (tells you what to do with your hands, doesn't tell you what sound youre going to hear) Qin in china today Recent history: o A lot skipped a generation because playing the qin was associated with a high class and high society and people didn't want to be associated with that o People broke the qin and started revolution Silk vs. steel o They changed the qin to make it more of a peoples instrument and instead of using silk string like before they changed it to steel strings in order to make it sound lounder and play it for a larger crowd o Cultural revolution Qin fever o The instrument became famous instruments of the holy kings: another name for the qin

wang pen: famous qin maker in china today drunkenness: metaphor for removal from society and ecstatic states in Daoism and qin music Boya: one of the most famous qin players of all time idea of playing quin for a cow illustrate: its important to be a good listener active listener is a skill play qin for a cow Music of Indonesia Gamelan: means orchestra Comes from the word gamel: to strike An: ion

Indonesian archipelago: all islands Astronesia: cultural linguistic area including phillipines, Indonesia, Taiwan, that Indonesia is part of Animism: belief that some kind of spirit/spiritual energy animates all things Gotong royong in music: Synergy through cooperation everyone working together Organic unity Metaphors: Each instrument was a metaphor for a part of the body

Bali: the tree

Java: time of music that the metaphor is the body Instruments represent parts of the body Group vs. individual: In gamelan music there is no individualistic talent Indian music/gamelan music always in group Gamelan: Playing at a speed to which no one play on their own they have to play in a group Two types of Indonesian music Balonese Javanese Pendopo: large structure with huge roof and pillars supporting roof with no walls Kotekan: interlocking melody Indonesia history: Java: place which has been human beings since long ago java man: people on island on java 500,000 years ago shivam malhotra: mythical founder Majapahit: where gamelan develops hindu kingdom expanded to include all of island plus Sumatra and malasia gajah mada: most famous ruler in majapahit kingdom mataram sultanate: took over and blended in with the religion then separated into Hindu and Muslim religious overlay: they overlaid muslim and hindu o different religions overlaid on top of each other making a different belief system

Bali remained entirely hindu European colonization: o Dutch, east India company all came to Indonesia o East India company(VOC) gained control of much of java o Dutch took over east India company o Indonesia finally took over the Dutch o Then the Japanese took over Indonesia islam began to reach Indonesia Javanese gamelan: Gong: most important instrument in gamelan o The biggest gong is the beginning and ending of every piece o Has nob in middle which gives it a discrete pitch when you hit them shows an unclear sound Colotimic gongs: just has the nob in middle but not the same as just the gong A lot of names are developed because of their sound Kanong: like gongs but longer Saron and slentem: instruments of the balungan o Play part called balungan Balungan: literally means skeleton (comes from the metaphor that the instruments make up part of the body) Kendang: drums o Drummer leads all tempo changes, and communicate with dancers, leads ensemble o Does sound effects like foot steps o Get a lot of overtones Gender: o Another instrument o Play it with two hands and have to do muting with heals o Meditate on melody o All patterns that are played have names o Each patterns fit with a melody and you choose what pattern to use that will fit with the melody Gamban: wooden xylophone o Play it with long malletes

Celempung: a type of zither or harp o Played by picking strings Whole section is called soft instruments o Gamban o Celempung o Gender Rebab: instrument, bowed lute o Two strings, skin on face, played with bow o Continuing the metaphor of body this is the sex of the instruments Pesinden and gerong: o Singers

Gamelan notation Uses Arabic numerals Imported from French musicians Musical terms Balungan: skeletal melody Bass line of Javanese music Buka: melody of introduction opener instrumental introduction Gotro: group of 4 four notes grouped together gatra Gongan: one cycle of one section of one piece one cycle of the gong Wirama: speed or tempo Tabuh: mallet

Laras: scale in Javanese music In Javanese music there are two scales Slendro: five note scale Pelog: seven note scale No firm tuning Pathet: mode in javanese Wayang kulit: the art of shadow puppetry Wayang: means theatrical performance Kulit: means skin (leather) Dalang: the shadow puppeteer o Also known as shaman and mediators o Tells stories o As he is telling stories of ancient people with shadow he is interacting with the human and shadow world, shadow world are spirits Seen as an ancient art

Balinese Balinese Rich environment Get a lot of food Tell stories Have to be able to work as a unified entity in order to live in this life style

Kotekan: interlocking melody No soloist Always in groups Javanese say that balanese players are flamboyant and unrefined Balinese Gamelan

Gambuh: Ancient art form Oldest form of theatrical art form People used to not perform for each other but for the spirit world It used to be shamanistic Gamelan: means performing arts suling: bamboo flute hard to carry around have orchestras of flutes some of the oldest instruments they use circular breathing: important to give feeling of unified identity and one organization rather then individuals breathing at different times played with the suling

arose from theatrical artform Topeng Pajegan: Masked dance Tell a whole story Just one guy, wears the same costume and just changes the mask to change the person in the story Art form It's a ritual and its done for the spirits not for the people that might be there watching characters are sacred characters when telling stories

Topeng tua: elderly mask Penasar: clowns

these characters can speak any language because they are not sacred characters translate for main characters and the people watching can understand these characters are also used to tell secrets about people in the village and talk bad about other people because the dalang, the pupettier, is a shaman they cant do anything to them if they talk bad about someone in the story

Dalang: pupetier and also shaman speak in ancient language Kebyar: to burst open or explode i.e. fireworks, flowers or something flamboyant Keras: Halus:

unrefined doesn't necessarily mean good or bad rough farthest end of the keras is masculine

extremely refined smooth farthest end of the halus is feminine

liminality everyone in this culture usually wants to shoot for the middle in feminine and masculine being on the border between two boundaries modern Balinese dance: men behave more femininely and woman take on more masculine roles

Gamelan Salu Nding: means holy places they have sacred instruments so focused on own culture that no other person can spend night in their town and have wall around the town instruments are boxes of 4 modular music Bali aga: o old bali Kecak:

theatrical art form tells story of the Ramayan monkey chant refers to monkey army get 100 people and people make music vocally as the gaman they move together in synchronized ways to make things such as a wave or fire etc.

The gamelan project: a study of synchrony and attention 8-16% have ADHD and for various reasons they didn't focus Cognitive demands of synchrony: Estimate and reproduce interval 100s of ms Monitor unison with target beat: 10s of ms (beep-boop)

Final Confusion ideals are clearly manifested in chin by: symmetry by the harmonic markers the silence between the notes in japanesse music: mah balinese interlocking: kotek

bowed lute that came to java from the middle east: rabah translate gemelan: percussion literal meaning, key word used is orchestra, band and ensamble They use it like we use orchestra chahuhaci, original music was about: konquiku oldest chahuhachi music: meditated music Enlightenment through one note na tao tozan: started school invented own notation wondering monks with baskets over their head: (secreatly called ronin) but called priests of nothingness dalang: shaman/puppeteer tablature: impilicit instructions of where to put hands instead of regular music that tells you what the sound is skeletal melody know synergy through cooperation: koto royon

5/14/2012 9:52:00 PM

5/14/2012 9:52:00 PM