OIL PALM PESTS AND DISEASES MANAGEMENT COURSE NAME : Industrial Crops I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah. Thanks to Allah SWT, whom with His willing giving me the opportunity to complete my first paperwork of Oil Palm ; Pests and Diseases Management . This paperwork was prepared for Industrial Crops I, faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, University Teknologi Malaysia (UiTM). First of all, I would like to acknowledge the advice and guidance of Dr. Asmah Awal, Lecturer of Industrial Crops I. Her advices are really important to make this paperwork complete also make me more understand about Oil Palm. Deepest thanks and appreciation to my parents, family, my special one, and others for their cooperation, encouragement, constructive suggestion and full of support for the report completion, from the beginning till the end. Also thanks to all of my friends and everyone, especially the Oil Palm group for those has been contributed by supporting my work and helps myself until it is fully completed. Above all, I am very much thankful to the Allah S.WT for carrying me through all the difficulties in the completion and the preparation of this paperwork. Again, thank you so much.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement Table of contents 1. PESTS MANAGEMENT 1.1 In the nursery 1.2 In the field 2. DISEASES MANAGEMENT 2.1 In the nursery 2.2 In the field References

1. PESTS MANAGEMENT

1.1 In the nursery PESTS Cockchafers DAMAGE CAUSED CONTROL METHOD

Small holes in the leaves with rotting around the margins of holes.

Put

coconut

fronds

around the seedlings to prevent attack.

Spray Bidrin at 200g in

100 litres of water or Apogonia Burn A. (night flying beetle)

Spray Dipterex at 200g

in 100 litres or

Spray lead arsenate at

500g in 100 litres of water with a sticking agent added.

Expenditionist Rits

Grasshopper

These eat all parts of the Same method to control

leaves. Cockchafers.

Valanga spp.

Crickets

These eat the thickened leaf-bases

Spray Dieldred

into

the apertures where the crickets nest.

Aphids and red spider mites

These suck at the leaves producing small orangered spots on the surface.

Spray with Rogor 40 (30g in litres of water)

Caterpillars

These eat leaf shoots and spoil the growth of the seedlings.

Spray with Dipteres

Snails and slugs

These eat the soft parts of leaves.

Use a bait containing metaldehyde. E.g Siputox

Rats

These attack the base of the plant: young plants and fruit bunches.

Poison with Warfarin coumatetralyl or zinc phosphide.

1.2 In the field PESTS Rhiocheros beetles DAMAGE CAUSED CONTROL METHOD

Attack shoots of the oil palm tree.

Pesticides carbofuran, cyhalothrin )

(cypermethrin, lambda

( Orycetes rhinoceros )

Protect the young trees, put in the axils of the leaves a mixture of

sawdust and BHD.

Palm weevil

Lay

their

eggs

in

the

To

avoid

dangerous

wounds of the oil palm. Difficult for the grower to control them.

attacks, be very careful not to wound the trees.

( Rhynchophora )

Leaves folding caterpillar / Nettle caterpillar

Destroys the leaves of oil palm.

Spraying

method

Trichlorfon, Cypermethrin, Diflubenzuron, thuringiensis. B.

Injection using

at

the

trunks

Methamidophos,

Monocrotophos.

( Metisa plana (Bagworm) , Pteroma pendula and Dama

Biological control: planting Cassia cobanensis to

trima

increase the population of predators.

Rats

Eat young oil palms Destroy young leaves, fruit bunch and male flowers.

Place little bags with rats poison such as warfarin, brodifacoum and

coumateteralyl near the oil palms

In newly planted area, plant will be protected wit Al/Zn at the bottom of the tree.

Elephants, monkeys, wild boars/pig and vertebrate like goats, cow and wild buffalo.

Destroys the grower.

Steel

fences,

electric

fences high depth ditch is used to prevent these

animals from entering the planting areas.Sometimes, controlled by shooting.

2.0 DISEASES MANAGEMENT

2.1 In the nursery DISEASES SYMPTOMS & DAMAGE CAUSED Leaf spot CONTROL METHOD

Dark brown spots appear

on the leaves and the edge on the pinnae.

Use fungicides.

In
Helminthosporium

severe cases whole

leaves turn yellow.

Seedling blast

Older

leaves lose their

Make sure that there is free air movement Spray Thiram. Captan @ Zineb can also be used.

sheen, then turn brown & dry from the tips of plant.

Phythium & Rhizoctania

Anthracnose

Small

brown

spots

Make sure that there is free air movement Spray Thiram. Captan @ Zineb can also be used.

appear between the veins at the ends of the leaves.

Melaconium elaeidis.

Glomerella cingulata

Leaf rot

Rotting

occurs

at

the

Reduce watering. A 0.1 % solution can of be

base of the plant and leaves show intersecting brown stripes with

Thibensole

used if the attack is severe.

blackish discoloration at the edges. Corticium

2.2 In the field

DISEASE

SYMPTOMS & DAMAGE CAUSED

CONTROL METHOD

Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot (BSR) Ganoderma boninense

Apical frond turn to pale green. Double shoot production

Enhance

the

use

of

biological control agents for Ganoderma. Several promising biological agents have been isolated, mainly

resulting frond falls off. Can cause half of the palm

Trichoderma harzianum, T. mortality in palm population viride, Gliocladium viride, in seriously affected areas Pseudomonas fluorescens, within 10 years of attack. and Bacillus sp.

Preventing

nutrients

from

being absorbed by the soft tissue

Gradually lose its ability to produce fruits.

Upper stem root ( fomes noxius )- mainly found in palms over 8 years old. Fructification- a grey brown crust 8 -10cm usually at least 6 ft. up the stem. Palm stems may snap off prior to appearance of these fructification. In mild cases, cut out infected tissue and paint exposed healthy tissue with a protectant such as Brunolinium. Remove dead palms and burn diseased parts.

REFERENCES

1. Dr Asmah Awal, Lecture of Industrial Crops I Part 1 2011 2. Hishamudin Mohd Jamil, Hj. Abdul Halim Hassan, Abdul Sahar Sulaiman, Ahmad Shafizi Mokhtar. The Oil Palm Industry in Malaysia (a guidebook). Pg. 19, 20.
3. Ganoderma Basal Stem Rot (BSR) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15750748 4. J. W. L. Bevan, T. Fleming, B.S. Gray. Planting Techniques for Oil Palms in Malaysia. Pg. 83-87 , 1966.