16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER I PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.1 THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE We use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking. Example : Please dont make so much noise. Im studying. We also use The Present Continuous Tense when we talk about something which is happening around the time of speaking, but not necessarily exactly at the time of speaking. Example : Silvia is learning English at the moment. We often use the Present Continuous when we talk about a period around the present. Example :Youre working hard today. Yes, I have a lot of to do We use the present continuous when we talk about the changing situation. Example : The population without jobs is increasing very fast. 1.2. THE ADVERBS OF TIME USED The adverbs of time used in Present Continous tense are NOW, RIGHT NOW, TOMORROW,ETC 1.3. THE PATTERN OF PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE The patterns of Present continous tense consist of : 1.3.A. Positive Pattern S + am/is/are + Verb 4.Now S + sedang + 4..sekarang Examples : 1. I am studying English now. 2. We are going to Jakarta tomorrow (akan) 3. You are singing now. 4. He is making a cake now. 5. she is sewing a shirt now. Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English 6. They are playing football in the field now. 7. Tom and Ani are doing their homework tomorrow. 8. The students are doing sport now. 1.3.b The Negative Pattern S + am/is/are + Not + Verb 4 Now S + tidak sedang + 4 .sekarang Example : 1. I am not studying now 2. He is not sleeping now 3. My father is not watching television now. 4. we arent going to Jakarta Tomorrow. 1.3.c. The Interrogative Pattern Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4..Now? Apakah + S + sedang + 4sekarang ? Examples : 1. Are you studying English now ? Yes, I am/ No, I am not 2. Is he eating fried rice now? Yes, he is/ No, he isnt 3. Is your father working in the office now? Yes, He is/No, He isnt 1.3.d. Qusetion-word Pattern QW + Am/Is/Are + S + Verb 4...Now? QW + yang + S + 4..sekarang? Examples : 1. what are you doing now ? studying 2. Where is he studying English now ? at school EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English. 1. Jack sedang tidur sekarang 2. Mary sedang mengerjakan tugas itu 3. Kami sedang menonton sebuah film di televisi 4. Mereka sedang bermain bola di halaman sekarang 5. Guru itu sedang menerangkan pelajaran itu. 6. Perusahaan itu sedang tumbuh dengan pesat sekarang. 7. Harga saham di bursa Efek Jakarta sedang naik sekarang 8. Pak Adi sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris di kampus sekarang 9. Polisi tersebut sedang mencari Ali sekarang. 10. Ana, Ani, dan Tom sedang berdiskusi sekarang. Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

EXERCISE 2 : Change the following sentences into (+), (-), and (?)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. They are speaking English now. We are not reading now. Is your mother frying rice now? No, she isnt. What is your father looking at now ? a picture. He is watching Plan to kill on TV now. The teacher is not explaining tenses to the students now. Is Maradona playing football in Argentina Now?

EXERCISE 3 : Write questions by using question words based on the underlined words in the following sentences. 1. John is eating a plate of rice in the dining room now.
2. The cat is eating fried chicken in the kitchen now. 3. Tom and Jerry are quarrelling about food now. 4. My father is teaching Biology at school now.

EXERCISE 4 : Answer the following questions with your own words.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Are you studying English now ? Is your father reading a newspaper now? Is your mother sewing a shirt now? Are They singing a song at home now? Is Mr.Adi teaching English at school now? What is your mother doing now? What is your brother doing now?

EXERCISE 5 : Write sentences by using the following verbs

Writing, speaking, sewing, growing, discussing, doing, hunting,eating, drinking, dancing, singing, making, building, teaching, explaining, talking, watching, shopping, sleeping, typing, driving, riding, training, working

Communicative English Course

16 Tenses In English

CHAPTER 2 PAST TENSE 2.1. The Use of Simple Past Tense

We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past. 2.2. The Adverbs of time used The adverbs of time used in this tense are Yesterday, last.., a week ago, this morning , last night, yesterday morning, yesterweek, yestermonth, yesteryear, etc. 2.3. The Patterns of Simple Past Tense

2.3.1. The Positive Pattern

S + Verb 2 Yesterday S + 2.. Examples : 1. John saw a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We studied English here last week. 3. They played football in the field yesteryear 2.3.2. The Negative Pattern S + didnt + Verb 1 ..Yesterday S + tidak + 1kemarin Examples : 1. John didnt see a crocodile in the river yesterday. 2. We didnt study here last week. 3. They didnt play football in the field yesteryear. 2.3.3. The Interrogative Pattern Did + S + Verb 1..Yesterday? Apakah + S + 1kemarin? Examples: 1. Did John see a crocodile in the river yesterday ? Yes, he did/No, he didnt 2. Did you study here last week ? Yes, we did/ No, we didnt 3. Did they play football in the field yesteryear? Yes, they did/No, they didnt Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

2.3.4. The Question-word Pattern QW + did + S + Verb 1.Yesterday?

Qw + yang + S + 1.? Examples:

1. What did John see in the river yesterday ? a crocodile 2. When did John see a crocodile in the river? yesterday QW + Verb 2.Yesterday? S + did

QW + 2..? Examples :
1. Who saw a crocodile in the river yesterday ? John did 2. What grew in the rice-field last year? A coconut tree did EXERCISE I : Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Kami menjual mobil kami kemarin 2. Apakah kamu pergi ke luar tadi malam ? 3. Dia tidak datang ke pesta itu minggu lalu 4. Apakah kamu tidur nyenyak tadi malam ? 5. Kami menjual rumah kami di Jakarta tahun lalu. 6. Manajer pemasaran tersebut melakukan penelitian minggu lalu. 7. Apakah perusahaan anda menjual kursi tahun lalu ? Ya. 8. Kapan anda menjalankan usaha anda di Jakarta ? tahun lalu 9. Siapa yang membuat kue itu kemarin ? ibu saya. 10. Apa yang jatuh di jalan kemarin ? Tas saya. EXERCISE II. Change the following sentences into (+), (-), ( ?), Present Continous Tense. 1. 2. 3. 4. Tom saw the cats having business under the tree yesterday They played cricket at school last week Did the policeman arrest the thief last night ? The teacher did not attend the meeting this morning

Chapter 3
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16 Tenses In English

PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

We often use will in this situation: Offering to do something: e.g. That bag looks heavy. Ill help with it. Agreeing and refusing to do something: e.g. Ive asked john to help me but he wont Promising to do something. e.g. I will come to your house tonight. I promise. Asking someone to do something. Will you close the window,please! A. The positive pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + will/shall + Verb 1 Tomorrow S + akan + 1 . Example: 1. John will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. 2. Mrs.Maria Eva will play badminton tomorrow B. The negative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows: S + wont/shant + Verb 1 Tomorrow S + tidak akan + 1 .. Example: 1. John wont run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month. 2. Mrs.Maria Eva wont play badminton tomorrow

C. The Interrogative pattern of Present Future tense is as follows Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

Will/Shall + S + Verb 1.. Tomorrow? Apakah + S + akan + 1..? 1. will John run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? Yes, He will/No,he wont. 2. will Mrs.Maria Eva play badminton tomorrow? Yes, She will/No, she wont D. The QW pattern of Present Future tense is as follows QW + will/shall + S + Verb 1.Tomorrow? QW + yang + S + akan + 1.? 1. 2. 3. 4. when will John run a restaurant in Jakarta? Next month who will run a restaurant in Jakarta Next month? John will where will John run a restaurant Next month? Next month what will John do in Jakarta Next month? Running a restaurant

We often use will to be going to when we say what we have already decided to do, what we intend to do in the future. e.g. A:Theres a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? B: No, I am too tired. I am going to have an early night. The pattern : S + am/is/are + going to + Verb 1 S +am/is/are + not + going to + Verb 1 Am/is/are + S + going to + Verb 1.. .? QW + am/is/are + S + going to + verb 1 ..?

4. PRESENT TENSE
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16 Tenses In English

Present Tense is used to talk about something in general. And it is also used to talk about something which is happened repeatedly or habituallly activities. e.g. + The earth goes round the sun - The earth doesnt go round the sun ? Does the earth go round the sun ?

+ I get up at 8 oclock every morning - I dont get up at 8 oclock every morning ? Do you get up at 8 oclock very morning? The pattern : S + Verb 1 (s/es) Everyday/today S + dont/doesnt + Verb 1 Everyday/today Do/Does + S + Verb 1Everyday/today? QW + Do/does + S + Verb 1.Everyday/today? We use the present simple when wse say how often we do things: e.g. How often do you go to the dentist ? Mary doesnt often drink tea.

5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

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16 Tenses In English

We use past continuous Tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished: This time last year I was living in Brazil We often use the past continuous Tense and the past simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: When I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. The pattern : S + was/were + verb 4.When + s + Verb 2. S + was/were + not + Verb 4.When + s + Verb 2 Was/were + S + verb 4. When + s + Verb 2 . .? QW + was/were + S + verb 4When + s + Verb 2 ?

e.g. + She was cooking rice when Tom came yesterday She wasnt cooking rice when Tom came yesterday

? Was she cooking rice when Tom came yesterday ?

6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

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16 Tenses In English

We often use the present perfect Tense to give new information or to announce recent happening: e.g. Do you know about Mary ? Shes gone to Jakarta. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with already to say that something has happened sooner than expected : e.g. Dont forget to post this letter, will you? Ive already posted it. We can use the Present Perfect Tense with just (= a short time ago) e.g. Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. Ive just had lunch. We talk about a period of time that continuous up to the present, we use the present perfect. e.g. Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Nora? Nora: Yes, I have been to 47 different countries. We often use ever and never with the present perfect: e.g. have you ever eaten caviar? We have never had a car. We have to use present perfect Tense with This is the first time, It the first time e.g. This is the first time he has driven a car. (not drives) We often use the present perfect with yet. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: e.g. Has it stopped raining yet ? (not did it stop). The pattern: S + have/has + verb 3.etc S + havent/hasnt + Verb 3..etc Have/has + S + verb 3.. .etc? QW + have/has + S + verb 3..etc?

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

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16 Tenses In English We use the Past perfect to say that something had already happened before this time : Example : When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. George didnt want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. It was my first time in an aeroplane. I was very nervous because I hadnt flown before.

The pattern: S + had + verb 3when/before S + V2 S + hadnt + Verb 3 when/before S + V2 Had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? QW + had + S + verb 3 when/before S + V2 ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. 2. 3. 4. Rumah itu sangat sunyi ketika saya tiba. Semua orang sudah pergi tidur. Saya merasa sangat lelah ketika saya pulang, jadi saya langsung pergi tidur Saya tidak lapar, saya baru saja makan siang. To tidak bearada di rumah ketika saya tiba. Dia baru saja keluar.

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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16 Tenses In English S + have/has + been + verb 4etc S + havent/hasnt + been + verb 4etc Have/has + S + been + verb 4.etc ? QW + have/has + S + been + verb 4etc ? Example :

- Pelajar pelajar tengah menyanyi sejak pagi ini

+ The students have been singing since this morning - The students havent been singing since this morning ? Have the students been singing since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Hari sudah hujan selama dua jam 2. Berapa lama kamu sudah belajar bahasa inggris ? 3. Saya sudah menonton acara TV tersebut sejak dua jam 4. Dia (pr) sudah bermain tenis sejak dia berumur 8 tahun 5. Berapa lama kamu suah merokok ? 6. Mereka sudah bermain PS selama tiga jam

9. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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16 Tenses In English S + had been + verb 4when S + V2 S + hadnt been + Verb 4 when S + V2 Had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ? QW + had + S + been + verb 4 when S + V2 ? Example : - Mereka tengah mengerjakan PR ketika saya datang kemarin + They had been doing the homework when I came yesterday - They hadnt been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Had they been doing the homework when I came yesterday ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Mereka sudah bermain bola selama satu jam ketika ada petir yang menakutkan 2. Ken sudah merokok selama 30 tahun ketika akhirnya dia berhenti 3. Orkestra itu sudah bermain selama sepuluh menit ketika seorang laki laki berteriak 4. Saya sudah mengetik selama tiga puluh menit ketika listrik itu padam

5. Mereka sudah tidur selama 6 jam ketika kebakaran itu terjadi

10. PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock

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16 Tenses In English S + wont be + Verb 4 + O + at..oclock Will + S + be + Verb 4 + O + at.oclock ? QW + will + S + be +Verb 4oclock ? Example :

- Kamu sedang akan pergi ke sekolah pukul 7 besok pagi

+ You will be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning - You wont be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ? Will you be going to school at seven oclock tomorrow morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. George sedang akan meninggalkan Indonesia pada pukul 9 besok pagi 2. Saya sedang akan menyelesaikan PR itu sore nanti 3. Dia (pr) sedang akan menonton acara di stadion tersebut nanti malam 4. Mereka sedang akan makan malam di restauran itu nanti malam 5. Para karyawan sedang akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan itu pukul 9 nanti malam

11. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + will have + verb 3 + .by the end

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16 Tenses In English S + wont have + Verb 3 + ..by the end. Will + S + have + Verb 3 + by the end. ? QW + will + S + have +Verb 3 +by the end ? Example :

- Kita sudah akan tiba di Jakarta besok sore.

+ We will have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon - We wont have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Will we have arrived in Jakarta tomorrow afternoon ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. John sudah akan selesai mengerjakan pekerjaanya menjelang akhir minggu ini 2. Menjelang minggu depan saya akan selesai membaca buku ini 3. Menjelang bulan depan dia akan membayar hutangnya 4. Kami sudah akan mendapat rumah baru menjelang akhir tahun ini

12. PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

S + will have been + verb 4since. Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

S + wont have been + verb 4.since. Will + S + have been + verb 4since.? QW + will + S + have been + verb 4.since..? Example :

- Mereka tengah akan belajar sejak pagi besok

+ They will have been studying since this morning - They wont have been studying since this morning ? Will they have been studying since this morning ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Menjelang akhir tahun ini kami akan sudah mempelajari bahasa inggris selama tiga tahun 2. Menjelang hari natal saya akan sudah bekerja di kantor ini selama lima tahun 3. Menjelang liburan sekolah ini saya sudah mengikuti tes selama 5 kali 4. Menjelang hari raya idul fitri saya sudah akan dua kali pulang ke desa

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

S + would + V1IF + S + verb 2.etc Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

S + wouldnt + verb 1.+ object..etc Would + S + verb 1 .+ object ...etc ? Example : 1. Saya akan datang ANDAIKATA kamu mengundang saya I would come if you invited me 2. Tom akan melakukan perjalanan JIKAdia punya uang Tom would travel if he had more money

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya jadi kamu, saya tidak akan membeli rumah itu 2. Saya akan keluar jika hari tidak hujan 3. Jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli sebuah villa 4. Jika saya dapat berbicara bahasa inggris, saya akan pergi keluar negeri 5. Saya tidak akan keberatan tinggal di Amerika jika cuacanya bagus

14. PAST FUTURE CINTINUOUS TENSE

S + would be + Verb 4when S + verb 2.etc Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

S + wouldnt + be + verb 4.when S + verb 2etc Would + S + be + verb 4 .. when S + verb 2etc ? Example :

- Sedianya mereka sedang akan pulang KETIKA kami datang

+ They would be going home when we came - They wouldnt be going home when we came ? Would they be going home when we came ? Translate these sentences into English ! 1. Saya akan sedang menempuh ujian hari berikutnya pada waktu itu 2. Kami akan sedang membangun rumah itu pada waktu itu 3. Mereka sedang akan bermain babak kedua pada pertandingan sepakbola waktu itu.

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

S + would have + verb 3..IF + S + had + verb 3. Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

S + wouldnt have + verb 3 object..etc Would + S + have + verb 3 .object..etc ? Example :

- Ia sudah akan menjadi presiden ANDAIKATA partainya menang dalam

pemilihan umum. He would have become a presiden if his party had won in general election

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Jika saya telah mengetahui bahwa kamu sakit, saya akan menemuimu 2. Tom tidak akan mengikuti ujian itu jika dia mengetahui bahwa soalnya akan begitu sulit. 3. Jika saya berjumpa dengan mu, saya akan mengatakan hello 4. Jika saya telah mengumpulakan uang, saya akan menikahi mu 5. Saya akan mengirim surat ini jika kamu telah selesai membuatmya

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

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16 Tenses In English S + would have + been + verb 4..IF + S + had + verb 3. S + wouldnt have been + verb 4.objectetc Would + S + have been + verb 4.. .object..etc ? Example :

- Sedianya rapat tengah akan dimulai sejak pagi ANDAIKATA walikota sudah
datang tepat pada waktunya The meeting would have been starting since this morning if Mayor had come on time.

Exercise : Translate these sentences into English! 1. Sedianya concert itu tengah akan dimulai andaikata artis artis itu datang pada waktunya. 2. Sedianya saya tengah akan tidur andaikata mereka belum datang 3. Andaikata ayah saya telah selesai berbelanja, ibu saya akan memasak makanan itu

17. Abbreviation (singkatan)

1. I am = Im
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16 Tenses In English 2. You are 3. We are 4. They are 5. He is 6. She is 7. It is 8. Will not 9. Would not 10. Do not 11. Does not 12. Did not 13. Is not 14. Are not 15. Was not 16. Were not 17. Have not 18. Has not 19. Had not 20. Can not 21. Could not 22. Must not 23. Should not 24. Might not 25. May not = Youre = Were = Theyre = Hes = Shes = Its = wont = Wouldnt = Dont = Doesnt = Didnt = Isnt = Arent = Wasnt = Werent = Havent = Hasnt = Hadnt = Cant = Couldnt = Mustnt = Shouldnt = Mightnt = Maynt

18. PASSIVE VOICE (IN POSITIVE FORM)

Penjelasan:

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16 Tenses In English 1. Kalimat pasif ialah suatu kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai oleh suatu perbuatan atau yang predikatnya berawalan di/ ter 2. Kata kerja yang digunakan harus kata kerja transitive, yaitu kata kerja yang bisa diikuti oleh suatu objek atau benda. 3. Rumus kalimat pasif dalam bahasa inggris adalah sebagai berikut: S + To be + V3by 4. To be berfungsi untuk menentukan Tenses dari suatu kalimat dan untuk membentuk awalan : di.atau: ter 5. To be dapat dijabarkan dalam 16 Tenses (lihatlah 16 Tenses pada rumus kalimat aktif)

Pelajarilah Rumus dibawah ini : 1. Present Future Tense: S + will be + V3by 2. Present Future Continuous Tense: S + will be + being + V3by 3. Present Future Perfect Tense: S + will have been + V3 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + will have been + being + V3. 5. Simple Present Tense: S + am/is/are + V3 6. Present Continuous Tense: S + am/is/are + being +V3 7. Present Perfect Tense: S + have/has + been + V3 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: S + have been/has been +being +V3 9. Past Perfect Tense: S + had been +V3 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: S + had been + being + V3 11. Simple Past Tense: S + Was/were + V3 12. Past Continuous Tense: S + was/were + being + V3 13. Past Future Tense: S + would be + V3 14. Past Future Continuous Tense: S + would be being +V3 15. Past Future Perfect Tense: S + would have been + V3 16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense: S + would have been + being + V3 Communicative English Course
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Penjelasan : 1. Kata kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat pasif ialah V3 (bukan V1, V2, V4) 2. Tenses dalam kalimat pasifditentukan aleh bentuk To be nya 3. TO BE bisa terdiri dari: a. Satu kata saja (am/is/are/was/were) lihat nomor 5 dan 11. b. Dua kata(will be,have been, has been, had been, would be) lihat nomor1, 7, 9, 13. (am being-is being-are being-was being-were being) no. 6 dan no. 12. c. Tiga kata (will be being, will have been, have been being, has been being, had been being, would be being and would have been) lihat nomor 2, 3, 8, 10, 14 dan 15. d. Empat kata (will have been being dan would have been being ) no. 4 dan 16. 4. Being dalam kalimat pasif menunjukan: Continuous.

19. PASSIVE VOICE IN NEGATIVE FORM

1. Present Future Tense S + Wont be + V3.(by him) Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English = S tak akan di Example : Engkau tak akan dimarahi olehnya. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense S + Wont be + being + V3(by them).

= S tidak sedang akan di.

Example : Rapat tidak sedang akan dimulai oleh mereka pukul 9 besok pagi. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by her)

= S belum akan di

Example : Nasi belum akan dimasak olehnya sore ini 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + Wont have been + V3.(by the Bank) Example : Rumah itu belum lagi akan disita oleh Bank pada akhir tahun ini. 5. Simple Present Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + V3.(by the Judge) Example : Pengacau-pengacau itu tidak dikenakan hukuman oleh Hakim. 6. Present Continuous Tense S + (am not/isnt/arent) + being + V3 (by) Example : Mobil saya tidak sedang direparasi sekarang 7. Present Perfect Tense S + (hasnt/havent) + been + V3.(by ..) Example : Saya belum diajak dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris oleh kawan-kawan saya.

8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + (hasnt/havent) + been + being + V3by..

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16 Tenses In English Example : Korupsi masih belum diberantas oleh pemerintah sejak bertahun-tahun yang lalu. 9. Past Perfect Tense S + hadnt been + V3by.. Example : Tomy belum dituduh sebagai penghianat, sebelum Jaksa Agung terbunuh. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + hadnt been + being + V3(by.) Example : Buchary masih belum dicalonkan Walikota, ketika otonomi dilimpahkan ke-propinsi. 11. Simple Past Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Tindakan keras tidak dilakukan oleh pemerintah terhadap para koruptor. 12. Past Continuous Tense S + (wasnt/werent) + V3(by.) Example : Pasien tidak sedang dioperasi ketika ia meninggal kemarin.

No. 13 s/d No. 16, hanya menambahkan kata Not, pada kata bantu yang

pertama. Lihat pada 16 Tenses kalimat pasip bentuk berita.

Note : Keterangan pelaku (by me, by us, by him, dst) dan keterangan waktu, bisa dipakai bila diperlukan. Tergantung kepada : kondisi dan situasi dari tiap kalimat yang diucapkan.

20. PASSIVE VOICE IN INTERROGATIVE

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16 Tenses In English 1. Present Future Tense Will + S + be + V3(by..) few years from now ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah Bahasa Inggris akan dipakai di Pontianak ? When + ? = Few years from now. 2. Present Future Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + V3 ?

= Yes/No,...

Example : Apakah rapat sedang akan diadakan pukul 9 besok ? What time + ... ? = At 9 oclock. 3. Present Future Perfect Tense Will + S + have been + V3?

= Yes/No,...

Example : Apakah pekerjaanmu sudah akan diselesaikan sore ini ? What + .. ? = Your job. 4. Present Future Perfect Continuous Tense Will + S + have been + being + V3 ?

= Yes/No,.

Example : Apakah norma-norma hukum tengah akan diberlakukan sesudah negara bangkrut ? Why + ... ? = Because none is hones in government. 5. Simple Present Tense (Am /Is/Are) + S + V3. ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah saya diminta untuk menemani kamu ? By whom + . ? = By our director.

6. Present Continuous Tense (Am/Is/Are ) + S + being + V3. ? Communicative English Course

= Yes/No,...
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16 Tenses In English Example : Apakah penari-penari itu sedang dijemput sekarang ? Where + . ? = At the airport. 7. Present Perfect Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + V3 ? How many tickets + .. ? = 5 tickets 8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Has/Have) + S + been + being + V3. ? How long + . ? = For 3 days. 9. Past Perfect Tense Had + S + been + V3. ? = Yes/No, Example : Apakah perampok-perampok itu sudah tertembak dikakinya sebelum mereka menyerahkan diri ? Who + ? = The robbers. 10. Past Perfect Continuous Tense Had + S + been + being + V3. ? = Yes/No,... Example : Sudahkah tiket-tiket itu dibeli olehmu ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah Budi tengah diopname di rumah sakit ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah ia tengah diperbantukan sebelum kepada Departemen Pendidikan sebelum ia menjadi Menteri ? How long + . ? = More than 3 year. 11. Simple Past Tense (Were/Was) + S + V3 . ?

= Yes/No,

Example : Apakah masalah Tomy dibicarakan di DPR ? What + . ? = Tomys problem. 12. Past Continuous Tense (Were/Was) + S + being + V3 ? Communicative English Course = Yes/No,
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16 Tenses In English Example : Apakah proyek perumahan sedang direncanakan di kota ini ketika saya ada di luar negeri tahun lalu ? By whom + ? = By the mayor. 13. Past Future Tense : Hanya mengubah : Will dengan Would dan keterangan waktu : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri) : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendri)

14. Past Future Continuous Tense 15. Past Future Perfect Tense

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : sama di atas (kalimat dikarang sendiri)

21. CAUSATIVE Dengan HAVE Dan GET

Fungsi : I. Menyuruh sesorang untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. II. Menyuruh agar sesuatu dikerjakan oleh orang lain. Bandingkanlah kalimat-kalimat berikut: 1. Tono mengecat rumahnya hari ini. 2. Rumah Tono dicat sendiri olehnya. 3. Tono menyuruh tukang cat mengecatkan rumahnya. 4. Tono mengecatkan rumahnya.

Rumus-Rumus Causative:
A. S + to have + someone + V1 + etc Eg: 1. He has a mechanic repair his car today 2. He will have a mechanic repair his car tomorrow 3. He is having a mechanic etc now B. S + to have + something + Eg: 1. I had my tooth pulled out yesterday 2. Ali has had his hair cut since yesterday Note : Perubahan Tenses hanya terjadi pada kata kerja to have. (have (has) had had having) Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

C.

S + to get + someone + to + V1 + etc

Eg : 1. He will get me to help him tomorrow 2. He doesnt get me to come to his house today 3. He has get me to bring a dictionary D. S + to get + somthing + to + V3 + etc

Eg : 1. The girl gets her face made up (dihias) 2. I wont get my hair cut short. 3. Budi is getting his tooth pulled out now Catatan penting : Something = (sth) = sesuatu benda Someone = (so) = seseorang (object): me, him, Ones (kepunyaan) = my, your, her, our, their Eg = example = contoh. (Eg = example gratia)

THE 16 TENSES
Perhatikan perubahan yang terjadi dari Rumus umum ke TENSES TERTENTU: S + TO HAVE + SOME ONE + V1 + DST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S + will + have + S.O + V1 + S + will + have had + S.O + V1 + S + have (has) + S.O + V1 + S + had + S.O + V1 + S + have + had + S.O + V1 + has 6. S + had + had + S.O + V1 + 7. S + will be + having + S.O + V1 + 8. S + will + have been + having + S.O + V1 + 9. S + (am, is, are) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 10. S + (was, were) + V4 + S.O + V1 + 11. S + (have been/has been) + having + S.O + V1 + 12. S + had been + having + S.O + V1 + 13. S + would + have + S.O + V1 + Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English 14. S + would be + having + S.O + V1 + 15. S + would + have had + S.O + V1 + 16. S + would + have been + having + S.O + RENUNGKAN:

1. to have, adalah bentuk : Infinitive (=kata kerja pokok) yang berubah menurut Tenses tertentu. (dilahat 16 Tenses diatas).
2. S.O = Some One = adalah Object, dan bukan Subjek. Jadi: S.O, bisa menjadi = me, you, him, her, us, them. Ones = bisa menjadi : my, your, his, her, our, dsb S = (Subjek), seperti: I, You, He, She, We They, It, dan benda-benda lainnya. (T.V, Radio, Weather, the wind). 3. V1, dalam rumus diatas tidak berubah dalam segala bentuk kalimat dan bentuk Tenses apapun. V1, tetap V1, tidak ada perubahan. 4. V1 have V2 had V3 had V4 having

PATTERN EXERCISE:
TASK : Make free statements according to the PATTERNS (rumus) below:

A.

S + didint have + me + V1 + etc 1.

Eg : 2.
Do +S + have + Us + V1 .? Does

Eg : 3.
QW + will + S + have + someone + V1 + ?

Eg : When .. 4.
Who + has + someone +V1 + ?

Eg : Who has
Have + someone + V1 + ! Communicative English Course
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16 Tenses In English

5. Eg : B.

= suruhlah !

S +1. wont have + ones house + V3 + etc

Saya tidak akan mengecatkan rumahku. = 2.

Do +S + have + something + V3 today ? Does

Apakah Budi mereparasikan mobilnya hari ini ? = ... ? 3.

QW + did + S + have + something + V3 + yesterday

Dimana Evi mencabutkan giginya kemarin = . 4.

Who + will have + Ones + sth + V3 + ?

Siapa yang akan berpoto ? = Who will have ones picture taken ? Ones picture = seseorang yang belum diketahui.

LIST OF TRANSITIVE VERB

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16 Tenses In English
Infinitive No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 (Kata Dasar) V1 To do to have to tell to own to read to write to listen to speak to say to ask to answer to borrow to lend to give to send to repeat to buy to sell to present to wait (for) to see to visit to invite to reject to refuse to inprove to avoid to deny to arrange to plan did had told owned read wrote listened spoke said asked answered borrowed lent gave sent repeated bought sold presented waited saw visited invited rejected refused improved avoided denied arranged planned Past Tense V2 done had told owned read written ~ed spoken said ~ed ~ed ~ed lent given sent ~ed bought sold ~ed ~ed seen ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed ~ed denied ~ed ~ned

Past Participle V3

Present Participle V4 ~ing having ~ing ~ing ~ing writing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing giving ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing inviting ~ing refusing improving ~ing ~ing arranging ~ing

The Meaning in Indonesian: mengerjkan, melakukan. mempunyai mengatakan, menceritakan, menyuruh. memiliki membaca menulis mendengarkan berbicara, pandai berbahasa berkata, mengatakan bertanya, meminta, menyuruh menjawab meminjam (dari) meminjamkan (kepada) memberi (kan) mengirim, menyuruh mengulang membeli menjual menyajikan (cerita, materi) menunggu melihat, bertemu, berkenalan mengunjungi mengundang, mengajak menolak menolak (tawaran, ajakan) memperbaiki, meningkatkan menghindari (kan) menyangkal, mambantah menyusun, mengatur, merencanakan merencanakan

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16 Tenses In English
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 to make to build to burry to scold to rebuke to bribe to attack to defend to enforce to learn to study to copy to compose to review to interview to repair to know to understand to take to eat to drink to substitute to succeed to devide to nominate to cook to receive to believe to agree to disagree to propose to oppose to predict made buit burried scolded rebuked bribed attacked defended enforced learnt studied copied composed reviewed intervived repaired knew understood took ate drank ~d ~ed ~d ~d ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~ed made built burried ~ed ~d ~d ~ed ~ed ~d learnt studied copied ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed known understood taken eaten drunk ~d ~d ~d ~d ~ed ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~d ~ed making ~ing ~ing ~ing rebuking bribing ~ing ~ing enforcing ~ing ~ing ~ing composing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing taking ~ing ~ing subtituting ~ing dividing nominating ~ing receiving believing ~ing ~ing proposing opposing ~ing membuat, menyebabkan membangun, mendirikan menguburkan memarahi memarahi menyuap, menyogok menyerang mempertahankan memaksa, memberlakukan belajar mempelajari menyalin menyusun, mengarang mengulang kembali mewawancarai mereparasi mengetahui, tahu, kenal mengerti mengambil, mengantarkan makan minum mengganti berhasil, menggantikan membagi mencalonkan memasak menerima percaya setuju tidak setuju mengusulkan menentang, melawan meramalkan membiarkan, mengijinkan

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16 Tenses In English
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 to let to put to cut to continue to draw to think to express to prove to remember to remind to warn to memorize to forget to admire to praise to insult to submit to report to open to shut to close to mark to weigh to measure to evaluate to taste to hold to touch to teach to return to reply to pay to calculate to throw ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d drew thought ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d forgot ~d ~d ~ed ~ted ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~d held ~ed taught ~ed replied ~ed ~d threw ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d drawn thought ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d forgotten ~d ~d ~ed ~ted ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~d held ~ed taught ~ed replied ~ed ~d thrown ~ting ~ting ~ting ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing proving ~ing ~ing ~ing memorizing ~ting admiring praising ~ing ~ting ~ing ~ing ~ting closing ~ing ~ing measuring evaluating tasting ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing ~ing calculating ~ing meletakkan memotong meneruskan, melanjutkan menggambar, menarik berpikir, berpendapat menyatakan, mengutarakan membuktikan ingat mengingatkan memperingatkan mengingat-ingat, menghafal melupakan mengagumi, memuji memuji menghina menyerahkan melaporkan membuka menutup menutup manandai, memberi tanda menimbang mengukur mengevaluasi mencicipi, merasa (dengan lidah) memegang, mengadakan menyentuh, meraba mengajar mengembalikan menjawab membayar menghitung melempar memukul

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16 Tenses In English
98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 to hit to beat to bite to hide to serve to explain to interpret to predict to activate to motivate ~ed ~ed bit hid ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~ed ~ed beaten hid ~d ~ed ~ed ~ed ~d ~d ~ting ~ing ~ing hiding serving ~ing ~ing ~ing activating motivating memukul menggigit bersembunyi melayani, menghidangkan menerangkan menafsirkan meramalkan mengaktifkan, menggiatkan memotivasi, menggerakan

Note : tanda ~ (tilde), ialah tanda yang berarti Kata Dasar (Infinitive) Contoh : to work ~ ed = worked // ~ ing = working, dst. to pada Infinitive, tidak dipakai sebagai predikat dalam suatu kalimat (Lihat Rumus)

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