GSM REPEATER

Introduction
We want to make a GSM repeater which will amplify GSM mobile signals in low coverage area.

GSM
GSM is a digital interactive system (Full Duplex) which uses different frequencies to transmit and receive. The data (digitized voice, etc.) are transmitted encrypted with speeds 270 kbp / s, at a range of 200 kHz channel using GMSK modulation. New technology in GSM The exception is the new EDGE technology that uses 8-PSK configuration in the same channel width (200 kHz) and exclusively for data transmission (packet data) as the evolution of GPRS. Working For the EGSM-900 and GSM-900 system, our mobile phone broadcasts to the base stations BTS (Base Transceiver Station) in the frequencies 885-915 MHz and receives simultaneously from the BTS to the frequencies 930-960 MHz. In other words the broadcast of our mobile to BTS called UL (UpLink) while respectively receiving said DL (DownLink). For the DCS-1800 (or if you prefer GSM-1800) frequencies are 1710-1785 MHz UL and DL is frequencies 1805-1880 MHz.

Condition to full fill our task A necessary condition to be met by our circuit, is that there should be no great difference in signal level between UL and DL. There would be no sense that emit big power from the BTS (> 40 Watt) to get signal - eg in the basement of a house, when our mobile phone can not transmit more than 2 Watt in GSM-900 and more than 1 Watt in the DCS-1800. Similarly, the reverse: it would serve nothing to put an RF amplifier to broadcast the mobile if we do not also reinforces the signal received from the BTS. This difference in signal level between UL and DL is called "Link Balance". The same system GSM (either 900 or 1800) alone, but also mobile (GSM Operators) in the design installation of BTS, take care of the Link Balance does not exceed 7-10 dB, while the best case is to not exceed 3-5 dB. This is usually achieved by using a differential making (polarization and space diversity) and sometimes with the use of LNA (Low Noise Amplifiers) at the BTS side. Our mobile phone on the other hand, variably reduces the power output depending on how close or far is to a BTS. This is called "MS Power Control" (MS = Mobile Station, that's our mobile phone) and supported by all second generation (GSM Phase 2, GSM Phase 2 +) mobile phones. To meet this condition, it means that we must maintain the Link Balance as possible, although the tolerances as described before, leave enough room for us!

Operation By studying all the respects this block diagram may help us

The external antenna ("Donor Antenna") receives the DL signal from the BTS and feeds the input of our repeater. Simultaneously transmits the UL signal from the repeater to the BTS. The same work undertakes the antenna that will be placed in the (problematic coverage GSM) room, this time towards your mobile phone. The amplifiers are of high gain (45-50 dB), low noise and distortion, each in the frequency range (UL - DL). Filters separate spectrum of UL and DL, ensuring that each amplifier is getting the desired frequency spectrum.

Specification Operating Frequency = UL: 1710 - 1785, DL: 1805 - 1880 MHz Power output = +23 dBm @ P1db, +36 dBm IP3 typ. Strengthening UL / DL = ~ 50 dB typ. Link Balance = + / -3 dB typ. Charge Timing Advance = +2 ... +5 km Supply Voltage: 3.3 V - 600 mA DC THE CIRCUIT The circuit is based on our block diagram presented above except that the internal antennas are supplied separately for greater isolation between UL and DL and avoid self-oscillating. Such internal antennas are essentially open dipoles Lambda/2 in the form of printed strip lines, one for UL frequencies and one for the frequencies DL. The connection to the device is a coaxial cable Teflon RG316. In our prototype, care is taken for the silver-plate antennas and the transponder on board, to ensure better conductivity due to high frequencies apply to them.