11. History of the U.K.

Roman Britain
- Britannia covered England and Wales + part of Scotland (romans invasion Ceaser)) - Britons (celtic people) and Romans
- 43 AD Emperor Claudius defeated Britons - Roman colonies founded (Colchester, Gloucester, Chester)

Anglo-Saxons from Germany

- Germanic language

- 5th century tribes from the north-western Europe invade and settle in large numbers - in 6th and 7th century Christianity spread (St. Augustine 597 Canterbury)

Norman Conquest and its Consequences

- 1066 Battle of Hastings Norman invasion, William of Normandy beginning of Norman conquest - Norman soldiers were given the ownership of the land and of the people, latin replaced by Norman french - two languages English and Norman French

Medieval Period
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- Parliament (assembly of nobles called together by the king) begins its gradual evolution into a democratic - Magna Carta (Great Charter) - king agrees to follow certain rules of government - 1339 - Hundred Years' War between England and France - 1455 War of Roses begins (Lancaster red rose, York - white rose) - about control over England

Reformation and its Legacy

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- 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and
the Roman Catholic Church the Tudor age - Henry VII., - son Henry VIII. - three children Edward VI., Mary I. and Elizabeth I. Henry VIII. established himself as the supreme head of the Church in England Mary I. (Bloody Mary Elizabeth I. (Virgin Queen never married) England became economic world power

Civil War and Glorious Revolution

- Civil War (1642- 1649) - fun-loving, aristocratic, royalist Cavaliers against over-serious, puritan, parliamentarian Roundheads Parliamentarian forces won - Commonwealth - Britain becomes a republic (1649 Glorious Revolution 1688 war against Catholic Church

Formation of the UK
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- 1707 The Act of Union Scottish Parliament joined with English and Welsh Great Britain
1800 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland is formed

Industrial Revolution

- late 18th and whole 19th century (Victorian Era) - many technical innovations + dynamo + radio communication awarded + electric light

Victorian Era
- Britain controls the biggest empire the world has ever seen Canada, Australia, New Zealand and India become part of the Empire parts of Africa - Britain becomes the worlds economic power

Queen Victoria (1837-1901)

new set of values established: hard work, thrift, religious observance, family life, absolute

Reforms by Queen Victoria

- 1867 The Reform Act the voting right to all males
1870 Education Act established primary schools

Naval Supremacy

- during the Victorian Era Royal Navy the largest in the world - founded in the 16th century

The Great Depression

the period after the WWI traditional industrial products collapsed (shipbuilding, steel and coal industry) 1930s financial collapse by the end of 1930 unemployment had more than doubled from 1 million to 2.5 million growth in modern manufacture of electrical goods and a boom in the motor car industry mid 1930s the economic partially recovered but the unemployment remained until the start of WWII

Rebuilding Britain after WWII

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USA borrowed Europe money for rebuilding first post-war elections won Labour Party the country was bankrupt after the war principal industries were nationalized (privatized), oil-exporting country increase of black and Asian population 1948 the government introduced the National Health Service the Welfare State had begun devaluation of the pound