Cultural Institutions

associations commissions libraries museums the the the the American Medical Association (AMA) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Boston Public Library British Museum

PROPER NOUNS WITH 0

Proper nouns require the null article if they refer 1) to certain geographical features (areas, continents, valleys, and the singular form of islands, lakes, and mountains) and 2) to certain cultural features (holidays, parks, and streets).

Geographical Features
areas continents valleys Eastern Europe, Southern California Asia, South America Desolation Valley

LeConte Hall houses Physics Department at University of California at Berkeley. ', 6. Bones from the largest known mammal, the baluchitherium, were found in Gobi Desert in People's Republic of Mongolia. This desert is southeast of Khangai Mountains. 7. Library of Congress, Air and Space Museum, NASA ( National Air and Space Administration) and Department of Agriculture are all located on Independence Avenue in Washington D.C. 8. The largest of Hawaiian Islands is Hawaii. Kilauea, one of world's most active volcanoes, is located there. 9. When sailing from city of Vancouver, one passes through San Juan Islands to Victoria, the capital of British Columbia on Vancouver Island. Pacific Ocean lies to the west. 10. Apple Computer Company, situated in "Silicon Valley" near Stanford University, competes with IBM and other companies concerned with microelectronics.

5.

Cultural Features
holidays parks streets
Christmas H y d e Park B l a k e Street

Articles in Titles and Labels

Titles and labels, like many newspaper and magazine headlines, often use "telegraphic speech." Telegraphic speech, the limited language used when sending a telegram (because you must pay for each word), regularly deletes any words that are not absolutely necessary for understanding (i.e., most of the function words, including the articles, prepositions and conjunctions). In titles and labels, however, only the articles are affected. Look at these examples: Figure titles: Solubility of carbon disulfide with methyl alcohol Longitudinal section of hair follicle Map title: Average rainfall and temperature (in degrees F.) of South America Photo label: Shedding of skin by red-bellied water snake If we replace the deleted articles, these titles and' labels become complete noun phrases: The solubility of carbon disulfide with methyl alcohol A longitudinal section of a hair follicle The average annual rainfall and temperature (in degrees F.) of South America The shedding of the skin by the red-bellied water snake Unfortunately, there are no precise rules for article deletion in titles and labels. It is usually a matter of space. In most cases the first article is deleted. In many cases, all articles are deleted (see examples above), but there are also many cases where a subsequent article is retained: Large valley on Tethys may be a crack caused by impact on opposite side (photo label) Right pectoral girdle and fin of an extinct crossopterygian fish (figure title) Range in the Andes Mountains, centra! Chile (photo label) 245

PROPER NOUNS WITH BOTH THE AND 0

A few cultural institution., (buildings, businesses, universities) occur with the or 0-0 IS usually used when the proper noun phrase begins will, a family name. Example wjfh the the World Trade Center the Shell Oil Company the University of Iowa Examjjjejvjtjii? Wheeler Auditorium Hewlett-Packard McGill University

buildings businesses universities

Exercise 6.17
Directions: Fill the blanks with the or 0. Example: Amazon River empties into Atlantic Ocean. Answer: The Amazon River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. 1. in 1. Sears Tower in city of Chicago is one of the tallest buildings North America.

Suez Canal connects Port Said on Mediterranean Sea and Port Taufiq on Gulf of Suez in Red Sea. 3. Little Colorado River begins at Zuni Reservoir in Arizona, just south of Petrified Forest, an extensive exhibit of petrified wood. It flows north of city of Flagstaff and empties into Colorado River, which passes through Grand Canyon National Park. 4. M t . Kilimanjaro (19,340 ft.) is situated in north Tanzania between Lake Victoria and Indian Ocean. Serengeti National Park lies to the west of it, Masai Steppe to the south, and Yatta Plateau to the northeast

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