REFERENCES 1. Achuthan, C., B. Baby, J. Padikkala. 2003. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Rosa damascena.

Informa Healthcare Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(5), 357 - 361 2. Boskabady, M., M. Shafei, Z. Saberi and S. Amini. 2011. Pharmacological Effects of Rosa damascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 14(4), 295 - 307, 3. Cai, Yi-Zhong, J.Xing, M.Sun, Z.Zhan and H.Corke. 2005. Phenolic Antioxidants (Hydrozable Tannins, Flavonols and Anthocyanins) Identified by LC-ESI-MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS from Rosa chinensis Flowers. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 53(26), 9940 9948 EXIBITED STRONG SCAVENGING EFFECT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY 4. Duthie, G., S. Duthie and J.Kyle. 2000. Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants. Nutrition Research Reviews, 13, 79 106 MAJOR FOOD COURCE OF FLAVONOIDS IN EUROPE ARE BLACK TEA, WINE, ONIONS AND APPLES(34,2 MG/KG OF QUERCETINE AND KAMPFEROLE AGLICONES) AND FOR JAPANE GREEN TEA. Quercetine and kempferole are the best antioxidant substances 5. Gholamhoseinian, A., H. Fallah and F. Sharifi. 2009. Inhibitory effect of methanol extract of Rosa damascena Mill. flowers on [alpha]-glucosidase activity and postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and diabetic rats. Int.J.Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology FLAVONOIDS AND ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT 6. Hajhashemi, V., A. Ghannadi and M. Hajiloo. 2010. Analgetic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rosa damascena Hydroalcoholic Extract and its Essential Oil in Animal Models. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 9(2), 123 128 7. Kalim, M., D. Bhattacharyya, A. Banerjee and Sh. Chattopadhyay. 2010. Oxidative DNA damage preventive activity and antioxidant potential of plants used in Unani systrm of medicine. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10, 77 89 8. Kirov, M. and S. Vankov. 1986. A Rose, Rose oil, Girosital. Medicina and Fizkultura, Sofia 9. Kheirabadi, M., A. Moghimi, H. Rakhshande, M. Rassouli. 2008. Evaluation of the anticonvilsant activities of Rosa damascene on the PTZ induced seizures in wistar rats. J. Biol. Sci., 8, 426 - 430 10. Kovatcheva-Apostolova, E., M. Georgiev, M. Ilieva, L. Skibsted, A. Rdtjer and M. Andersen. 2008. Extracts of plant cell cultures of Lavandula vera and Rosa damascene as sources of phenolic antioxidants for use in foods. Eur Food Res Technol., 227, 1243 1249 THERE WAS NO PROOXIDATIVE EFFECT OF ROSA DAMASENA EXTRACTS EXAMINED IN A
AQUEOUS MODEL SYSTEM

11. Kumar, N., P. Bhandari, B. Singh, A.Gupta and V. Kaul. 2008. Reversed phase-HPLC for rapid determination of polyphenols in flowers of rose species. Journal of Separation Science, 31, 262 - 267 12. Kumar, N., P. Bhandari, B. Singh and Sh. Bari. 2009. Antioxidant activity and ultraperformance LC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for phenolic-based fingerprinting of Rose species: Rosa damascena, Rosa bourboniana and Rosa brunonii. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 361 367 13. Kwont, E., D. Lee, H.Lee, D.Kim, N.Baek, Y.Kim and H.Kim. 2010. Flavonoids from Buds of Rosa damascena Inhibit the Ativity of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase and Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 58(2), 882 886 FLAVONOIDS PREVENT THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 14. Mahmood, N., S.Piacente, C. Pizza, A. Burke, A. Khan and A.Hay. 1996. The anti-HIV activity and mechanisms of action of pure compounds isolated from Rosa damascena.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communication, 229(1), 73 79 antiviral activity of flavonoids(quercetine and kempferole and synergy of phenylethanol glycosides) 15. Maleev, A., Neshev, G., S. Stoyanov and N. Sheikov. 1972. Ulcerprotective and antiinflammatory effect of Bulgarian Rose Oil. Eksp. Med. Morfol., 11, 55 60 16. Neshev G. 1990. Bulgarian Rose oil pharmacological and clinical studies. Authoreferate, Sofia 17. Ng, t., W. Gao, S. Niu, L. Zhao, J. Liu, L. Shi, M. Fu and F. Liu. 2005. Rose (Rosa rugosa) - flower extract increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes and their gene expression and reduse lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Cell. Biology, 83, 78 85 18. Nyeem, M., M. Alam, M. Awal, M. Mostofa, M. Uddin, S. Islam et al., 2006. CNS Deprresant Effect of the Crude Ethanolic Extract of the Flowering Tops of Rosa damascene. Iran J. Pharma Res., 5, 171 - 174 19. Novak, R. 1994. Flavonidy w Rodzaju Rosa l. Herba Polonica, V.XL,3, 118 124 20. zkan, G., O. Sagdi, N. Baydar and H. Baydar. 2004. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Rosa Damascena Flower Extracts. Food Science and Technology International, 10(4), 277 - 281 21. Jaimand, K., M.Rezaee, S.Aghdaei and S.Meshkyzadeh. 2010. Determination of flanonoid compounds in Rosa damascena Mill. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9(36), 161168 QUERCENTINE, KEMPFEROL AND THEIR GLYCOSIDES IN DIFFERENT ROSES OF CENTRAL IRAN 22. Jassbi, A., S. Zamanizadehnajarib and S. Tahara. 2003. Polyphenolic Antioxidant Constituents of Rosa persica. Jour. Chem. Soc. Pak. 25(4), 323 327 URSOLIC ACID 23. PAPANOV, G., P. MALAKOV, AND K. TOMOVA. 1984. AROMATIC SUBSTANCES, FLAVONOIDS AND GLYCOSIDES IN THE EXTRACTED RESIDUES OF ROSA DAMASCENA MILL. FLOWERS. TRAVAUX SCIENTIFIQUES, 22(1), 221 225 24. RAMEZANI, R., A. MOGHIMI, H. RAHSHANDEH , H. EJTEHADI, M. KHEIRABADI . 2008. THE EFFECT OF ROSA DAMASCENA ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE AMYGDALA ELECTRICAL KINDLING SEIZURES IN RAT. PAK. J. BIOL. SCI., 11, 746 - 751 25. Saleh, M., Sh. Clark, B. Woodard and S. Deolu Sobogun. 2010. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Essential Oils. Ethnicity & Deseases, V.20, S1- 78 - 82 26. Schieber, A., K.Mihalev, N.Berardini, P.Mollov and R.Carle. 2005. Flavonol Glycosides from Distilled Petals of Rosa damascene Mill. Z.Naturforsch. 60c., 379 384 27. Sharafi, S., I. Rasooli, A. Kashani, P. Owlia, M. Rezaee and Sh. Astaneh. 2010. Cytobiochemical Potentials of Rosa damascena Mill. Extract. Iranian Journal of pathology, 5(4), 184 - 193 28. Sokol, V. 1963. Biochemical Preparation of oil-bearing roses before processing, Authoreferate, Moskow 29. Tabrizi, H., S. Mortazavi and M. Kamalinejad. 2003. An in Vitro evaluation of various Rosa damascena flower extracts as a natural antisolar agent. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 25(6), 259 265 FLAVONOIDS CAN EFFECTIVE ABSORB THE UV DAMAGED
SPECTRA

30. Ulusoy, S., G. Bogelmez-Tinaz, H. Seilmi-Canbay. 2009. Tocopherol, Carotene, Phenolic Contents and Antibacterial Properties of Rose Essential Oil, Hydrosol and Absolute. Current Microbiology, 59, 554 - 558 31. Velioglu, Y. and G.Mazza. 1991. Characterization of Flavonoids in Petals of Rosa damascena by HPLC and Spectral Analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 39, 463 - 467

32. Vinokur, Y., V.Rodov, N.Reznick, G.Goldman, B.Horev, N.Umiel and H.Friedman. 2006. Rose Petal Tea as an Antioxidant-rich Beverage: Cultivar Effects. Jornal of FoodScience, 71(1), 41 47 33. Wei, A. and T. Shibamoto. 2007. Antioxidant Activities and Volatile Constituents of Various Essential Oils. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 55(5), 1737 - 1742 34. Yassa, N., F. Masoomi, S. Rohani Rankoushi and A. Hadjiakhoondi. 2009. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Extract and Essential oil of Rosa damascena from Iran, Population of Guilan. DARU, 17(3), 175 - 180 35. Zolotovich, G. and R.Decheva. 1967. On the flavonoid substances in the Kazanlik rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Plant Science, V.IV, 9, 19 27 (1,05 1,81 PERCENTS OF FLANONOLS AGLICONES QUERCETINE AND KEMPFEROLE IN PETAL) 36. Zu, Y., H. Yu, L. Liang, Y. Fu, T. Efferth, X. Liu and N. Wu. 2010. Activities of Ten Essential Oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 Cancer Cells. Molecules, 15, 3200 3210 Rose oil anticancer activities