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1
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume V
POWER ELECTRONICS
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
(2012 academic year)
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
M.Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
2
Foreword
This is a compilation of some exam questions that I gave to my students during this
academic year. They are accompanied by solutions proposed by me. I will be delight
if this book can be of any use for you. I will also be very happy to receive any critic or
suggestion from you. I dedicate this book to my students of Class 6, Electrical
Technology, GTHS Kumbo, 2012 batch. They are a bit stubborn, but I like to teach
them. May you be blessed as you are using this book.
NGOUNE Jean-Paul.
17 May 2012.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
3
Acknowledgement
Most of the questions treated in this book are Probatoire Technique past questions
proposed by the Cameroon General Certificate of Education Board (GCEB) and the
Office du Baccalaureat du Cameroun (OBC).
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
4
Contents
Item Page
Foreword 2
Acknowledgment 3
Contents 4
First sequence exam with solution 5
Second sequence exam with solution 16
Third sequence exam with solution 24
About the author 34
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
5
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume V
POWER ELECTRONICS
FIRST SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
M.Sc. (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
6
Exercise 1: Power electronics components.
The diagram of figure 1 below is used to vary the voltage across the load R.
The thyristors are perfect and are controlled by signals produced by the circuit of
figure 2.
RL
R1
R3
R2
u(t)
T1
T2
UL
V1
V3
V2
i1
i3
i2
IC
T1
T2
Figure 1 Figure 2
t t u 100 sin 2 120 ) ( = , R = 10 .
The firing angle of T1 is while T2 is fired at + . The operational amplifier is ideal
and works in linear regime.
1. Draw in synchronism, the waveforms of u(t), u
L
(t), v
T1
(t) and v
T2
(t).
2. Calculate the average value and the effective value of u
L
(t), v
T1
(t) and v
T2
(t).
3. Considering the circuit of figure 2, express in terms of V1, V3, R1, and R3 the
currents i1, i2, i3 and the voltage V2.
4. Determine the expression of V2 if R1 = R2 = R3 = R.
Exercise 2: Single phase non controlled rectification.
Consider the following figures:
D
R
R
Uo(t)
Uo(t)
u(t) u(t)
Monoalternance Double alternance
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace Work Fatherland
e + +
(
e
T
T T
t
T
t
2 2
2
0
0
0
e
2
0
T
t t , u(t)>0, The thyristor is fired. T1 is ON and T2 is OFF.
The equivalent diagram of the system is as follows:
RL
u(t)
0V
u(t)
uL(t) = u(t)
vT1 = vT2 = 0V
During the negative half cycle:
- For
+ e
0
2 2
t
T T
t T2 is not yet fired. So, T2 is OFF, T1 is also OFF.
The equivalent diagram of the system is as follows:
RL
u(t)
0V
0A
-u(t)
u(t)
vT1= u(t)
vT2 = -u(t)
uL(t) = 0
- For
(
+ e T t
T
t
0
2
. T1 is OFF and T2 is ON, The equivalent diagram of the
system is given as follows:
RL
u(t)
u(t)
0 V
uL(t) = u(t)
vT1 =vT2 = 0
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
10
b) waveforms:
to T/2 T T+to T/2+to
0
0
0
0
uL(t)
vT1(t)
vT2(t)
t
t
t
t
2. Calculation of average and effective values:
Signal uL(t):
0 =
av
UL Because u
L
(t) is periodic and symmetric.
} }
= =
2
2 2
) (
2 2
sin
2
) (
1
T
to
T
L
eff tdt U
T
dt t u
T
UL
But
2
2 cos 1
sin
2
=
Hence
( )
(
+ =
(
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
= = |
.
|
\
|
=
} }
2
2 sin
2
2
2 sin
2
sin
2
2
2 sin
2 cos 1
2
2 cos 1
2
0
0
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
t
t
T
T
U t
t
T T
T
U
UL
t
t
T
U
dt t
T
U
dt
t
T
U
UL
eff
T
to
T
to
T
to
eff
Finally,
Signal v
T1
(t):
VT1
av
= 0 Because v
T1
(t) is periodic and symmetric.
4
2 sin
2
1
0 0
t
T
t
U UL
eff
+ =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
11
(
= =
}
2
2 sin
) (
2
0
0
2
0
2
1
2
t
t
T
U
dt t u
T
V
to
eff T finally
Signal v
T2
(t):
VT2
av
= 0
VT2
eff
= VT1
eff
Numerical application: Do the calculation of the above values for
12 6
T
=
.
3. Let us consider the circuit of figure 2:
R3
R1
R2
V1
V3
V2
i1
i3
i2
Let us express in terms of V1, V3, R1 and R3 the currents i1, i2, i3, and the voltage
v2.
Voltage V
3
.
3 2 1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3 2 1
1 1 1
0
R R R
R
V
R
V
R
V
e
R
V e
R
V e
R
V e
i i i
+ +
+ +
=
= + +
4
2 sin
0 0
1
t
T
t
U V
eff T
=
1
1
1
R
V
i =
3
3
3
R
V
i =
3
3
1
1
2
3 1 2
R
V
R
V
i
i i i
+ =
+ =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
12
But 0 = =
+
e e
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
= + +
3
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
R
V
4. Expression of V2 for R1 = R2 = R3 = R
This circuit is an analogical adder.
Exercise 2: Single phase non controlled rectification.
Let us consider the following circuits:
D
R
R
Uo(t)
Uo(t)
u(t) u(t)
Monoalternance Double alternance
A. Half wave:
1. Waveforms of u
0
(t) and i
R
(t).
0
0
T/2 T
t
t
u(t)
uo(t)
iR(t)
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
3
3
1
1
2 2
R
V
R
V
R V
( )
3 1 2
V V V + =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
13
2. Calculation of average values:
;
NA: V U
oav
503 . 4
2 10
= =
, mA I
Rav
9 =
3. Calculation of effective values:
5. Power dissipated in the load:
NA: 2 5 =
oeff
U ; mA I
ff
14 . 14
Re
= ; W P 1 . 0 =
B. Full wave:
1. Waveforms of u
0
(t) and i
R
(t).
0
0
T/2 T
t
t
u(t)
uo(t)
iR(t)
| |
U
t
T
U
tdt U
T
U
T T
av
cos
sin
1
2
0
2
0
0
= = =
}
R
U
I
Rav
=
2
2
2 sin
2
sin
0
2
2
2
0
2
0
2
2
2
2
U
U
U t
t
T
U
tdt
T
U
U
eff
T
T
oeff
=
=
(
= =
}
R
U
I
ff
2
Re
=
R
U
R
U
R RI P
4 2
2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
14
2. Calculation of average values:
;
NA: V U
oav
007 . 9 = ; mA I
Rav
18 = .
3. Calculation of effective values:
;
NA: V U
oeff
10 = ; mA I
ff
20
Re
= .
4. Power dissipated by the load:
NA: mW P 200 = .
Exercise 3: Periodic signals.
Signal 1:
;
Signal 2:
U
t
T
U
tdt U
T
U
T
T
oav
2
cos
1
2
sin
2
2
0
2
0
=
(
= =
} R
U
I
Rav
2
=
2
2
2 sin
sin
2
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
2
2
U
U
U t
t
T
U
tdt
T
U
U
oeff
T
T
oeff
=
=
(
= =
}
Re
R
U
I
ff
=
R
U
R
U
R RI P
2
2
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
U
V
av
2
=
2
V
V
eff
=
| |
1
4
0
4
0
V
t Sin
T
V
tdt Cos V
T
V
T T
av
= = =
}
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
15
Signal 3:
I
av
= 0 Because the signal is periodic and symmetric.
Signal 4:
END
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
4
0
2
4
0
2
2
2
V
V
V t Sin
t
T
V
tdt Cos
T
V
V
eff
T
T
eff
=
=
(
+ = =
}
2
2
2
6 2 6 6 2
2
2
2
2
2
m
eff
m
m
m
m
eff
I
I
I
T
T I T
I
T I
I
=
=
(
(
|
.
|
\
|
+ + |
.
|
\
|
=
m
m
m
av
I
T
T I T
I
I
18
5
3
2
3 2
=
=
27
11
27
11 3
2
3 3
2
2
2
2
2
m eff
m
m
m
eff
I I
I
T
T I T
I
I
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
16
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume V
POWER ELECTRONICS
SECOND SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
DEA (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
17
Exercise 1: Single phase non controlled rectifier
A single phase half wave rectifier circuit is composed of the following elements:
A perfect transformer T delivering a secondary voltage sin 2 12 ) ( = u where
=314t;
A rectifier diode D which is supposed to be perfect;
A load composed of a resistance R = 200 in series with an inductance L
whose value is such that the blocking of the diode D is at
4
5
0
= .
1.1 Draw the diagram of the circuit so described.
1.2 Represent in synchronism the following waveforms:
a. The secondary voltage u(t).
b. The load voltage u
L
.
c. The voltage u
D
across the diode.
d. The load current i
L
.
1.3 Calculate the average load voltage.
1.4 Calculate the effective load voltage.
1.5 Calculate the average load current.
Exercise 2: Battery charger
An accumulator has a capacity of 345 Ah and an emf E = 90V. It is recharged by
means of a Wheatstone bridge consisting of 4 ideal diodes and a perfect transformer
whose primary is supplied by 220V-50Hz. The accumulator is connected in series
with a resistance R which limits the current to 50 A. The secondary voltage of the
transformer is sin 2 ) ( V v = , where t = and V = 90V.
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace Work Fatherland
= = =
}
U U
d U U
LAV
N.A.: U
LAV
= 4.6128V.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
20
4. Effective load voltage:
|
.
|
\
|
=
(
= |
.
|
\
|
= =
} }
2
2 sin
4
2
2 sin
4 2
2 cos 1
2
sin
2
1
0
0
2
max
0
0
2
max
0
2
max 2
0
2
max
2
0 0
U
U
U
d
U
d U U
Lf
Lf
N.A: U
Lf
= 8.86V
5. Average load current:
mA
R
U
I
LAV
LAV
06 . 23
200
6128 . 4
= = =
Exercise 2: Battery charger.
Data: Q = 345Ah; E = 90V; U = 220V 50Hz; I
max
= 50A; t t v sin 2 90 ) ( = .
1. Circuit diagram:
T
E
R
u(t) v(t)
D1 D2
D3
D4
2. Waveforms.
t
t
0
0
v(t)
uL(t)
iL(t)
T/2 T 3T/2
E
t1 t2
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
21
3. Table of functioning.
Intervals
Diodes 0 to t1 t1 to t2 t2 to T/2
D1 0 1 0
D2 0 0 0
D3 0 0 0
D4 0 1 0
4. a. Conducting angle of each diode.
1
being the angle at which the conduction start, we have:
2
2
2
1
2 90
90
sin sin
max
1 1 max
= = = = =
U
E
E U
Hence,
0
1
45 = ;
0 0
2
135 45 = =
Therefore, the conducting angle for each diode is given as follows:
0 0 0
1 2
90 45 135 = = =
C
4. b. Transformer ratio.
409 . 0
220
90
= = =
U
V
m
4. c Value of R.
O =
= + = 745 . 0
50
90 2 90
max
max
max max
I
E V
R RI E V
5. Expression of the load current in terms of .
A
R
E v
i 8 . 120 sin 836 . 170
745 . 0
90 sin 2 90 ) (
) ( =
\
|
= =
R.m.s value.
A I I
c
Lf
25
2
2
50
2
max
= = =
= + = = =
}
\
|
+ =
(
= =
}
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
= .
8.2Show that the expression of the average voltage across the load is:
cos
2
3 3
max
V U
av
=
8.3Draw the graph U
av
as a function of .
Exercise 3: Three phase Graetz bridge.
A three phase Graetz bridge is supplying two phases of the stator of a three
phase asynchronous motor whose windings are star connected. The bridge is
connected to the secondary of a three phase transformer 380/220V-50Hz. The
voltages at the secondary of that transformer are expressed as follows:
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
3
4
sin 2 127 ) (
3
2
sin 2 127 ) (
sin 2 127 ) (
3
2
1
t t v
t t v
t t v
1. Give the role of this circuit and precise how the secondary of the transformer is
connected, justify your answer.
2. Draw the diagram of the circuit described above.
3. Sketch the waveform of the load voltage and that of the voltage across the
diode D1.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
27
4. Calculate the average voltage across the load.
5. The stator windings of the motor are assumed to be pure resistance. Calculate
the value of the resistance measured between two phases of the stator,
knowing that the average load current is 70A. Deduce the resistance of one
winding of the stator.
6. Calculate the power consumed by the load.
Exercise 4: Control of a resistive load by thyristors and TRIACs
Three TRIACs are controlling a three phase balanced resistive load as show
by the figure below. The line voltage (between two phases) is 380V. The firing angle
of the TRIACs is equal to zero. The total power absorbed by the load is 15kW.
R
R
R
N
1
2
3
u
1. Calculate the effective value the current flowing through each TRIAC.
2. Calculate the maximal reverse voltage across each TRIAC.
3. The TRIACs are replaced by three thyristors; the firing angle still being equal
to zero.
3.1 Determine the effective value of the current flowing in each thyristor.
3.2 Calculate the maximal reverse voltage across each thyristor.
Subject Master: NGOUNE Jean-Paul, PLET
Electrotechnics, GTHS Kumbo.
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
28
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The exercises solved in this document are past Baccalaureat Technique
examination questions proposed by the Cameroon General Certificate of Education
Board (CGCEB) and the Office du Baccalaureat du Cameroun (OBC).
Exercise 1: Battery charger
1. Diagram of the circuit.
D1
D4 D3
D2
R
E
220V
50Hz
E = 60V; I
max
= 30A.
2. Effective voltage at the secondary of the transformer.
92 . 84 220 386 . 0
1 2
1
2
= = = = mU U
U
U
m
3. Conducting angle of each diode.
The angle at the beginning of the conduction (opening angle) is
1
, such that,
o
U
E
U
E
30
5 . 0
09 . 120
60
2 92 . 84
60
2
sin
1
2 2
1
=
~ = = = =
= = = = = =
4. Value of the resistor in series with the battery.
O =
= 2
30
60 120
2 2
I
E U
R
R
E U
I
o
C
120 30 2 180 2
1
= = =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
29
5. Average load current.
It is known that,
( )
A I
E U
R
I
LAV
C LAV
086 . 13 60
3
14 . 3 2
2
3
120 2
2 14 . 3
1
cos
2
1
1 2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
= = = =
= =
V
E < , the conduction of current in the load in not interrupted.
1. Waveforms of v1, v2 v3 and u in synchronism.
AH Q
V E
Hz f
t t v
t t v
t t v
60
12
50
3
4
cos 2 30 ) (
3
2
cos 2 30 ) (
cos 2 30 ) (
3
2
1
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
.
|
\
|
=
=
2
3 3
sin
2
3
cos
2
3
3
3
3
3
= =
= = =
( )
V
V
U
V V
d
V
d V U
f
f
66 . 35
4
3 3
1
2
2 30
4
3 3
1
2
4
3 3
1
2
2
2 sin
4
3
cos 1
4
3
cos
2
3
2
3
3
2 3
3
2
2
3
3
2 2
= + = + =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
(
+ = + = =
} }
3. Value of RP.
O ~
= 1
4 . 30
12 2 30
I
E V
RP
RP
E V
I
4. Charging time of the battery
LAV
ch ch LAV
I
Q
t t I Q = = with A
R
E U
I
LAV
LAV
104 . 23
1
12 104 . 35
=
=
Therefore, . sec 48 min 35 2 596 . 2
104 . 23
60
h h t
ch
= = =
5. Power absorbed by the resistor RP.
( ) W I RP P
f
79 . 559 66 . 23 1
2 2
= = =
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
31
6. Maximal reverse voltage supported by each diode.
V V V
D
48 . 73 6
max
= =
7. The battery is replaced by a resistor R = 500 .
Average load current.
mA
R
U
I
LAV
LAV
2 . 70
500
104 . 35
= = =
Effective current and power dissipated.
mA
R
U
I
f
f
32 . 71
500
66 . 35
= = =
W RI P
f
54 . 2
2
= =
8. The diodes be replaced by three perfect thyristors having a firing angle ,
where
3
2
0
; the load remaining R = 500 .
Waveforms of v1, v2, v3 and u (pending).
Expression of the verage load voltage:
| |
cos
2
3 3
sin
2
3
cos
2
3
3
3
3
3
}
+
+
+
+
= = = V
V
d V U
LAV
Graph of U
LAV
as function of .
cos cos
2
3 3
= = V U
LAV
We can deduce the following table of values:
0
6
3
2
U
LAV
2
3
2
0
2
The graph of U
LAV
as function of is drawn as follows.
0
pi/6 pi/3 pi/2 2pi/3
Uavmax
-Uavmax
Alpha
Uav
Exam questions with solutions_2012_Jean-Paul NGOUNE
32
Exercise 3: Three phase Graetz bridge.
1. This circuit is used for the breaking of the asynchronous motor by injection of
direct current. The resistance of stator windings can also be easily determined
using this method. The secondary of the transformer is star connected.
2. Diagram of the circuit described.
R
R
R
v1
v2
v3
3. Waveform of the load voltage and that of the voltage across the diode D1
(PENDING).
4. Average load voltage.
V V U
LAV
21 . 297 3
14 . 3
2 127 3
3 3
=
= =