C.

Flood Control Design

Example #2: Pipe System Analysis
Water Surface
Elevation =100.00
DMH 1
-.
-
200'
Q = 30cfs
n = 0.013
DMH 2
-.
-
250'
Q =30cfs
n = 0.013
EXAMPLE OF COMPUTATION
Q = 10cfs
n = 0.013
DMH 3
DMH 4 100'
Q = 20cfs
n = 0.013
Figure 1
115'
Q = 20cfs
n = 0.013
INLET
Given: Runoff quantities, n, manholes and
outlet condition as shown in Figure 1.
Determine: Pipe sizes and hydraulic gradient.
SOLUTION
USE PLATES 8 TO 20 AS AID TO ANALYSIS.
Make preliminary determination of pipe sizes for the data given using pipe flow charts. This is
shown in Figure 2.
Using the pipe sizes and slopes of pipes as determined above, compute hydraulic gradient for the
_system. This is shown in Figure 3.
1. Controlling grade at DMH1 is 100.00 as shown in Figure 3.
Study conditions of flow between manholes or inlets to determine if entrance control or
losses govern hydraulic gradient.
2. With the selected pipe size between DMH 1 and DMH 2,24" diameter pipe at S = 0.010,
compute the head loss in the pipe by the formula h = SL or h
r
= SrL, whichever controls.
h = elevation head loss
hf = friction head loss
S = slope of pipe
Sf = friction slope (used when pipe flowing full)
L = length of thepipe or channel
Since the pipe is flowing full, as determined by the pipe flow chart using 24" diameter,
the friction slope 0.018 must be used. The head loss in the pipe is:
hf= SfL
hf=(0.018) (200) =3.60 feet
5
The downstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 2 is equal to the controlling grade at DMH 1
plus the head loss or
100.00 +3.60 =103.60
NOTE: Velocities NF) shown arefor pipeflowing full, which
areto be usedto calculate the manhole losses.
18" Cone. Pipe
On: 1.5 ft.
S : 0.038
VF: 11.3 fps
OMH 4
INV.113.60
18" Cone. Pipe
On: 1.5 fl
S : 0.040
VF = 11.3 fps
INLET
.....INV.116.40
18" Cone. Pipe
On: 1.2 ft.
S : 0.010 .
VF: 5.7 fps
OMH 3
INV.110.oo
24" Cone. Pipe
On: 1.2 ft.
S : 0.040
VF: 9.5 fps
, OM!, 2
-
INV.1oo.oo
24" Cone. Pipe
On: 2.0ft.
S : 0.010
VF =9.5 fps
Figure 2
OMH 1
-
-
INV.98.oo
3. Since the pipe is flowing full, and there, are no bends or drops, compute the upstream
hydraulic gradient at DMH 2 by adding the manhole losses to the downstream hydraulic
gradient at DMH 2. These values are obtained from charts on manhole losses. From the
charts:
A=0.47
B=0.00 (since the velocities are equal)
C=0.00
D=0.00
. 0.47 ft. (Total DMH losses)
The upstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 2 is:
103.60 +0.47 =104.07
PIPE INVER
INV.113.60
:DMH4
INV.1'1'8:46
INLET
Figure 3

-'--. -'-. 120.65;
' 119.19
1=--=,-=-= 115.39: HYDRAULIC GRADIENT
.. .. .. ..
-'., , ' ., , --='--=--=---=-==--'='.0='=- .100.00
INV. 100.'00"("---------------,----------- __=:
DMH2 ' INV. 96.00
DMH 1
6
4. With the selected pipe size between DMH 2 and DMH 3, 24" diameter pipe at S = 0.040,
. compute the head loss elevation in the pipe:
h=SL
h=(0.040) (250) =10.00 feet
Since the pipe is not flowing full as determined by the pipe flow chart, the elevation head
loss and the normal depth must be added to the invert of DMH 2. Therefore, the
downstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 3 is .
1-00.00 +10.00 +1.20 =111.20
5. Compute the upstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 3 by adding to the invert elevation the
manhole losses and entrance control losses for open channel flow. Only manhole losses
"C" and "D" need be considered.
From the charts:
C=2(0.40) =0.80 (90
0
Bend)
D =0.69
1.49 ft. (Total DMH losses)
Entrance control loss for Q = 30 cfs, D = 24" is:
HID =1.95, From Plate 19
H =3.90 feet
The upstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 3 is:
110.00 +1.49 +3.90 =115.39
6. With selected pipe size between DMH 3 and DMH 4, 18" diameter pipe at S =0.038,
compute the head loss in the pipe:
hf=StL
hf=(0.038) (100) =3.80 feet
The downstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 4 is:
115.39 +3.80 =119.19
since the tailwater condition of the pipe is submerged.
7
7. Since there is a bend greater than 10 at DMH 4, compare losses and use the higher HGL.
A= 0.66
B=0.00
C=0.80 (0.40 x2)
D=0.00
1.46
C=0.80
D=0.00
0.80
Entrance control loss for Q = 20 cfs, D = 18" is:
HID =3.0 From Plate 19
H =4.50
119.19+ 1.46 =120.65> 113.80 +4.50 +0.80 =119.10
The upstream hydraulic gradient at DMH 4 is 120.65.
8. Since the pipe is flowing full, the downstream hydraulic gradient at the inlet IS
determined by friction loss in the length of pipe.
hf =StL
hf =(0.038) (115) =4.37 feet
120.65 +4.37 =125.02
Entrance control loss at the inlet for Q= 20 cfs, D = 18" is:
HID =3.0 From Plate 19
H =4.50
118.40 +4.50 =122.90
Since the hydraulic gradient is higher, the top of headwall must be at least 125.02 + 1
foot= 126.02.
Adjust pipe sizes if warranted by the hydraulic gradient as computed above.
8
\0
PROJECT: XYZ Subdivision
DATE: 10/28/85
DRAINLINE
A
DRAINAGE DESIGN DATA COMPUTED BY: TM
CHECKED BY: LW
l/

Size lLenJU Maahole Losses Hydraulic Grade Eley. Finished
Drain

of of Invert Ent. Grade
Inlet T
c C Area

V
F Pipe Se,. Sf S Elevation H1 A B C D Conl Down Up Elevation Remark
-: -:
DMH 1
/ -:
c}8.00 100.00
:/ \0

z.o 24 200 .01a.010 3.60 {Oo.GO
OMH2.
-: -: roo.00 .47 0 a a 104.07
/
10
.AO
1.2
'.5 24 2.,0 .01& .040 1\1.20
DMH:3
/ / 110.00 .66 0 .80 .69 3.90
/
7
1.5 {1.3 18 100 .038 .038 3.30 119.19
DMH4
/ /
(13.80 .66 0 .80 0 4.35 120.65
/ 7
/'20
1.5 11.3 18 [ l5 .038 .040 4.37 1'25.02
INLET
-: / 118.40
/ i/
/ /
V 1/
-: /
/ -:
:/ -:
/ -:
-: -:
/ /
-: -:
/ -:
/ /
/ -:
1/ /
/ ,/
t.> -:
-: /
.> -:
Suggested layout of tabulated computation form for DRAINAGE DESIGNDATAto be submitted for approval
c
DJ
S'
m
CQ
CD
"'U
Dr
::J
en
::r

S'
CQ
C
CD
en
fFJ'
::J
C
!
S-
a
CD
en
e
a
3
i
a.
o
::J
C
i
S'
CQ
100
110
120.
___.130
DMH1---- .. -
I
. I __

+
CDloMH1

200'@1%
---_[_....--l- 24" Cone. Pipe
On 2.0ft.
Dr. Area 1 8C. I
. 'a .. 30cfl I I
-L._
-JEXISTING GROUND LINE
.... _---

------. ----
24" Rep CI. III

100.00

+
or:t
I I
....._.... __ .. _L._.. __....L ._
-.--- ..- ....... .. _----
CURB GRADE
PROFILE
Horizontal Scale: 1" =100'
Vertical Scale: 1" =10'
DMH3

an
...
+
C'I
- ......... ....-_._._..._-_... --....... .._--.---..._..__..... _......-..-_'''' ---------..-.....---....---.------
DMH4
'-'''-'''--,

+
,..
an
...
INLET
---7
....i
g
+
o
10
.r
EXISTING GROUND ALONG C/l
__"'. .r-__ PIPE
fJi !l.. . ............. ....
120 r ",
----.. ..':>-.---.-.--.----.
100
I I I :
I ,!1 On =
: 'L I' I Dr. Area '!' 3 ac.
......_....-.L... -_.... ...- ....__.. .. .. .....
.
DMH 4 DMH 3 VF .. 6.7 ff'$'"
--r' . ... ':
I ICone. Pipe ! . 18" Con . Pipe 24" Cone. Pipe I .. "\ 1
In"1.5 ft. I Dn".5 ft. I On 1.2 ft. I
I r. Area 7 ac; Dr. Are" 7 ec, : Dr. Area
1
, .. 20 cfs; a f; cfs 'I a 30 cfs I'
.. 0.013; n .013 ,n" 0.013 '
.. 0.040 IS" .038 is'' 0.040 ' : i
. .. .. :Z._'.. I .. -.!..F .... -1-. I .. - - I I !
INLET "
J II ;
.. PLAN I
Scale: 1" = 100' I
130 ........_. .
......
o