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Fang Z. Peng Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University Phone: 517-432-3331, Fax: 517-353-1980 Email: fzpeng@egr.msu.edu
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 1
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction of Power Electronics Chapter 2: Power Converter Basic Circuits and Operating Principles Chapter 3: Control of Power Converters Chapter 4: Power Converter System Control, Analysis, and Design Chapter 5: Circuit Models and Simulation Chapter 6: Power electronic systems and applications Chapter 7: Automotive Applications: HEV and FC HEV System Configurations and Their Power Electronic Circuits Chapter 8: Utility Applications: DG grid interconnection, Statcom, active filter, UPFC, and FACTS devices
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 2
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 3
dc input (battery)
ac output
ac Motor
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 4
Raw power in Power Processor (PE Circuits) Battery Fuel Cell Utility Solar Wind Capacitor/Inductor Dc or ac
Desired power out (V, I, P, F) To loads: Motor Utility line Computer Equipment Process
Control
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 5
Circuit theory Solid-state physics Simulation & computing Electric machine Power systems
Power Electronics
Electronics DSP, FPGA Electromagnetics EMI DSP Control Board
August 1, 2004 F. Z. Peng: Slide 6
vDF Vd
iL Vd/RL
TON TOFF
iL
0
Vd/RL
t
t
August 1, 2004 F. Z. Peng: Slide 7
AC-DC Converter (Rectifier) AC-AC Converter (Power Controller, Cycloconverter, Matrix converter) DC-AC Converter (Inverter) DC-DC Converter (DC Chopper - Buck/Boost/BuckBoost Converter)
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 8
v1
S1 v1 S2 S4 S3 Load v2
t ON OFF t Average t t
S1, S4 S2, S3 v2
V1 - AC Source V2 - DC Load
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 9
S Load v1 v2
v1 ON S OFF v2
Resistor Load
t t t
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 10
S1 v1 S2
S3 Load
S1, S4
v2
S2, S3
S4
Waveforms of Cycloconverter
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 11
t OFF t t t
S3
S2, S3
Load vac
Voltage-Source Inverter
Waveforms of Inverter
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 12
Why Switching?
iC +vCE Vdc iB iL Light Bulb RL iL Light Bulb RL
Vdc Ileak PLoss=vCE iC PSW POFF
S Vdc
iL Light Bulb RL
r Vdc
iC Vdc/RL Vsat t
dc Power Loss: r + R r L
Ic PON t
V Power Consumption: dc RL r + RL
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 13
Switching Devices
Current Uncontrollable
+ v i
On Controllable
i + v -
On and Off Controllable Transistor MOSFET* GTO IGBT SIT, SITh, MCT, MTO, etc.
Diode Uni-Direction
iG
Thyristor
Bi-Direction
Triac
Module
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 14
+ v i
vac vac
i
iL vO Load
vO
v
iL
2
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 15
iG
vac
vO
IG3 IG2 IG1=0
iL
2
Load
+ v -
vac
vO
v
IG3>IG2>IG1
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 16
IGBT
vdc Load vac
S2
VGE1
RG0 RG
S4
(PWM)
VGE0
vac
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 17
VCE
IC
Initial State
Turn-off Waveform
Safe Operating Area
RC Snubber Circuit
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 18
IGBT Technology
Saturation Voltage VCE [V]
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
1st Gen .('85 ) 2nd G en.('8 9)
3rd G en
.('94) e
furthe r curv
tf [us]
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 19
4.0
3.0
6kV/3kA
6kV/2.5kA 5kV/2.5kA
2.5kV/1kA
Year
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 20
High-Voltage Power IC
220V/1A one-chip 3-phase inverter IC Smart power switching device module /Intelligent Power Module (IPM) Power Electronics Building Block (PEBB) etc.
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 21
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 22
DC Chopper and DC/DC Converter AC Switch: AC Power Adjusting and Matrix Converter Multilevel inverters
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 23
Diode Rectifier
D
VS
VS
VR
VR
VS
VS
VL
VR
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 24
Diode rectifiers are the simplest power conversion circuit. They change ac to dc. The circuits are simple, however, the following points should be understood: how it works how to smooth voltage/current to get a decent dc voltage/current how to determine the output voltage from the input voltage
VS
LF VL R VR
VS
DF
VL
VR
VS
VL R
VR
VL V R
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 25
VDC VR
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 26
VSab
iSa vSa
VSbc
VSca
VDC
-VSab
-VSbc -VSca
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 27
VL
VR
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 28
VSbc VSca
VDC VR
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 29
S1
DF3 i ac vac
iac
DF1 DF4
S1 , S 4
Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter and Freewheeling Diode or Rec. Antiparallel Diode Mode
DF1 DF4
Inv. Mode
August 1, 2004 F. Z. Peng: Slide 30
Self-Commutated Power Converter - current-source inverter Idc S1 DB1 S3 DB3 iac vac
iac
vac
S2 DB2 S4 DB4
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 31
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 32
VS VDC Motor
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 33
70% electricity is used by motors. Energy saving and control are essential to many applications.
Gap Gan
on=1
off=0
Gbp Gbn Gcp Gcn mode abc Va Vb Vc E I +-+ II +-III ++IV --+ E/2 V -++ VI -+I +-+
E/2
Vn
Vab
E
Vn E/6
E/6
2E/3 E/3
Van
E/3
2E/3
ia
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 34
+ Gap E/2 Va E E/2 Gan Gbn Gcn Va=(Gap Gan)E/2 Vb=(Gbp Gbn)E/2 Vc=(Gcp Gcn)E/2 Vb Vc Vn Gbp Gcp
(PWM)
vab
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 35
DC/DC Converter
a) Buck Converter
iT i) Circuit Ein D iD ii) S on Ein iT S iL L + Eout iL L + Eout T Toff off v Ton on Eout Eout 0 iT iD iT iD iL 0 iT iD iT iD Toff off v Ton on Ein Ein 0 Ein S iT v C Ein S iT iL L iD D v C v C S iL L + Eout iL L Ein
c) Buck/Boost
iD L iL iD L iL iD L iL D D Eout + Eout + D Eout +
D iD
iT
D iD
T Toff off v
Eout
iL
iT
iD
iT
iD
Eout = 0 ~ Ein
Eout = Ein ~
Eout = 0 ~
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 36
S v1 Load
August 1, 2004
v2
F. Z. Peng: Slide 37
August 1, 2004
F. Z. Peng: Slide 38