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  • ESS 55 Earth's Atmosphere Midterm Review

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    The document provides a review of key concepts covered in an Earth's Atmosphere course. It includes: 1) The composition and structure of the atmosphere, including concepts like the hydrostatic relation, ideal gas law, and how temperature and pressure vary with height. 2) Mechanisms that transfer energy within the climate system, such as radiation, phase changes, and atmospheric circulation. 3) Factors that influence surface temperatures at different locations, such as latitude, altitude, proximity to water, and clouds. 4) The water cycle and phases of water, cloud formation processes, and precipitation. 5) Measurement techniques for observing the atmosphere from surface stations, satellites, and other methods.

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    Midterm Study Guide 08

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    The document provides a review of key concepts covered in an Earth's Atmosphere course. It includes: 1) The composition and structure of the atmosphere, including concepts like the hydrostatic relation, ideal gas law, and how temperature and pressure vary with height. 2) Mechanisms that transfer energy within the climate system, such as radiation, phase changes, and atmospheric circulation. 3) Factors that influence surface temperatures at different locations, such as latitude, altitude, proximity to water, and clouds. 4) The water cycle and phases of water, cloud formation processes, and precipitation. 5) Measurement techniques for observing the atmosphere from surface stations, satellites, and other methods.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato DOC, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    26 visualizzazioni2 pagine

    ESS 55 Earth's Atmosphere Midterm Review

    Caricato da

    carolynshin
    The document provides a review of key concepts covered in an Earth's Atmosphere course. It includes: 1) The composition and structure of the atmosphere, including concepts like the hydrostatic relation, ideal gas law, and how temperature and pressure vary with height. 2) Mechanisms that transfer energy within the climate system, such as radiation, phase changes, and atmospheric circulation. 3) Factors that influence surface temperatures at different locations, such as latitude, altitude, proximity to water, and clouds. 4) The water cycle and phases of water, cloud formation processes, and precipitation. 5) Measurement techniques for observing the atmosphere from surface stations, satellites, and other methods.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    di 2

    ESS 55 Earths Atmosphere, Spring 2008 Midterm Review Sheet Concepts to understand:

    Chapter 1 The static atmosphere: Composition of the Atmosphere Hydrostatic relation (what it is and how to use it) Ideal gas law Pressure and Density as a function of height in the atmosphere If temperature is constant (isothermal) as a function of height, calculate the expression for pressure as a function of height Temperature as a function of height in the troposphere and stratosphere Tropopause Difference between weather and climate CO2 and the Keeling curve Components of The Hydrologic cycle Aerosols Chapter 2 Mechanisms for transferring energy in the earth system Air parcels and how we use them as thought experiments (see also Chapter 3) Phase changes in water and latent heat Adiabatic processes, dry adiabatic lapse rate Diabatic processes, moist adiabatic lapse rate and environmental lapse rate Shortwave (solar) radiation Longwave (terrestrial) radiation Radiation laws (especially Stefan-Boltzman law), blackbody radiation Absorbed, reflected, transmitted radiation Emission temperature of the planet Greenhouse effect (one layer atmospheric model) Sensible and latent heat Earths energy balance Energy fluxes (radiative) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and how they are measured Poleward energy transport in the atmosphere and ocean (note Fig 2.21) Chapter 3 Surface energy budget (the atmosphere is heated from below) Diurnal temperature cycle Effects of latitude, altitude, proximity to water and cloud cover on temperature Lapse rate and stability Temperature inversions Effects of clouds on climate (high clouds vs. low clouds), see also Chapter 4 Natural and anthropogenic climate forcing

    Chapter 4 Atmospheric water in all three phases - water vapor, cloud formation, precipitation Mixing ratio, vapor pressure, relative humidity, dew point, frost point Condensation, deposition Solute and curvature effects CCN- homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, hygroscopic and hydrophobic Effect of adding CCN to the atmosphere Fog: Evaporative, advection, evaporation and upslope varieties Lifting mechanisms that cause cloud formation and Cloud Classification Supercooled water and ice particle/snowflake formation Chapter 5 ASOS Auto Surface Observing system Direct and Indirect measurements of upper air conditions Meteorological satellite measurements, GEO, LEO Visible, infrared, water vapor satellite imagery Atmospheric optics including scattering Ozone formation, depletion, ozone hole location and seasonal cycles (see Chapt. 1) Chapter 6 Laws of motion Forces in the atmosphere, expressions and importance, imaginary and real: Gravity (g) Pressure gradient force (PGF) Coriolis force (CF) Centrifugal force (CENTF) Frictional force (FF) Force balances and resulting winds: Geostrophic wind Gradient wind Adjustment to balance Thermal wind: ties together horizontal change in temperature and vertical change in geostrophic wind Sea breeze, land breeze Chapter 12 Turbulent eddies A tour of small scale winds Gravity waves, signals of them not only in wind field Valley breeze, mountain breeze Santa Anas Chinooks

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