BUFFERS and Ksp PROBLEMS

1)

Fill in the blanks! A buffer solution contains two components; either a ..............acid and its ................... .............., or a ............base and its ................. ............. The pH of a buffer solution depends only on the .............. of the amounts of the two components, so dilution has.......... .................. on the pH of the solution. If a strong acid is added to a buffer solution, it will react with the ................ component. If strong base is added to a buffer solution, it will react with the ................component.

2)

A solution is made from 0.200 moles of formic acid, HCOOH, and 0.500 moles of potassium formate, HCOOK. The total volume of the solution is 750 mL. [Ka of formic acid is 1.9 x 104 ] a) Calculate the pH of this solution. b) Calculate the change in pH if the solution is diluted to a volume of 2.0 L. c) Calculate the change in pH if 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is added to the solution. a) Calculate the pH of a 0.12 M solution of ammonia, NH3. [Kb = 1.8 x 105] b) 4.40 g of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is added to 500 mL of 0.12 M ammonia, NH3. What is the pH of this solution? What is the change in pH from the solution in a)? c) Will the pH of the solution in b) change if it is diluted to a volume of 1.0 L ? d) Calculate the change in the pH of the solution in b) if 50 mL of 1.0 M HCl are added to the solution . a) A buffer solution with a pH of 4.50 is to be prepared. Calculate the mass of sodium acetate, CH3COONa, which must be added to 1.00 L of 0.150 M acetic acid, CH3COOH, to produce this solution. [Ka = 1.8 x 105] b) Calculate the mass of ammonium chloride, NH4NO3, which must be added to 500 mL of 0.85 M NH3 to produce a buffer solution with a pH of 9.70. Consider the following three indicators: Bromcresol Purple; pKa = 6.8, Bromphenol Blue; pKa = 3.9 and o - cresolphthalein; pKa = 8.9. Which of this indicators would you use for each of the following titrations ? Calculations are not necessary to answer this question; think of the type of acid and base being used in each of the titrations. a) NH3 with HNO3 b) Ba(OH)2 with HBr C) LiOH with HCOOH

3)

4)

5)

6)

a) The solubility of silver bromide, AgBr, is 1.3 x 104 gL1. Calculate the Ksp for AgBr. b) The solubility of strontium fluoride, SrF2, is 0.13 gL1. Calculate the Ksp for SrF2. c) The Ksp for magnesium carbonate, MgCO3 is 6.8 x 10 6. Calculate the solubility, in molL1, of MgCO3. d) The Ksp for manganese hydroxide, Mn(OH)2, is 2.0 x 1013. Calculate the solubility, in molL1, of Mn(OH)2.

7)

Use your answers from 6) a and b.... a) Calculate the solubility, in molL1, of AgBr in a 0.050 M solution of KBr. b) Calculate the solubility, in molL1, of SrF2 in a 0.050 M solution of KF.

8)

Consider a partially soluble ionic compound in solution. Define the terms ion product (or reaction quotient, Q) and solubility product, Ksp. When does Q equal the solubility product ?

9)

Silver acetate, CH3COOAg, is allowed to equilibrate with pure water. The solubility of the silver acetate is 10 gL1. Calculate the Ksp value for silver acetate. (Do not consider hydrolysis of the acetate ion!)

11) a) The Ksp of manganese sulfide, MnS, is 5.0 x 1014. If solid manganese chloride, MnCl2, is added to a solution of sodium sulfide, Na2S, precipitation of MnS will occur. What mass of manganese chloride must be added to 100 mL of 0.025 M Na2S to cause precipitation of MnS ? b) If a solution of barium nitrate, Ba(NO3)2, is added to a solution of sodium fluoride, NaF, a precipitate of barium fluoride, BaF2, will occur. The barium nitrate solution is 0.0010 M and it is added slowly to 200 mL of 0.040 M NaF solution. When 35 mL of the barium nitrate solution have been added, precipitation of the BaF2 begins. Calculate the Ksp for BaF2.

12) a) What mass of sodium acetate, CH3COONa, must be added to 500 mL of 1.00 M acetic acid, CH3COOH, to produce a solution with a pH of 5.00 ? b) Calculate the change in pH which will occur when: i) 50 mL of 1.00 M HCl are added to the above solution. ii) 50 mL of 1.00 M NaOH are added to the above solution.

13) a) Hydrofluoric acid, HF, is a weak acid with Ka = 7.2 x 104. If 1.00 g of NaOH were added to 50 mL of 1.00 M HF, what is the pH of the final solution ? b) If 50 mL of 1.00 M HF is titrated with 1.00 M KOH, what will be the pH of the solution when 25 mL of the KOH have been added ? (This is not necessarily the equivalence point!) c) Now suppose that 25 mL of 1.00 M HCl are added to 50 mL of the 1.00 M HF solution. What is the pH of the final solution ? What is the percent ionization of the HF in the final solution ?

14) Which of the following statements is/are correct ? A) A buffer solution could be prepared by mixing sodium acetate, CH3COONa, and sodium hydroxide, NaOH, with water. B) In general dilution of a buffer solution does not affect the pH of the solution. C) An acidic buffer works best(ie, is most resistant to changes in pH) within 1 pH unit of the pKa value of the weak acid component of the buffer. (For example, the pKa of acetic acid is 4.74; this buffer functions best if the pH of the solution is between 3.74 and 5.74) D) Any mixture of an acid and its conjugate base will produce a buffer solution. E) If KOH is added to a buffer made from NH3 and NH4Cl, it will react with the NH4+ part of the buffer. [In this reworded version, this statement is correct.]

15) Joe Student is trying to prepare a very dilute solution of silver nitrate, AgNO3. He decides to dilute 1.0 mL of 0.010 M AgNO3 to a total volume of 1.0 L. Unfortunately, Joe uses tap water instead of distilled water for the dilution. The tap water has a chloride, Cl , ion concentration of 2.0 x 104 M. Will silver chloride, AgCl, precipitate when the tap water is added to the silver nitrate solution ? [Ksp (AgCl) = 1.8 x 1010. ]

16) Like most metal carbonates, silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is not very soluble; its Ksp value is 8.1 x 1012 . How many moles of Ag2CO3 will dissolve in 1.0 L of: a) pure water b) a solution of 6.3 x 103 M Na2CO3 ?

17) Calcium fluoride, CaF2, has Ksp = 3.4 x 1011. Calcium fluoride is to be used to fluoridate a municipal water supply, but the water is hard; it has [Ca2+] = 0.070 M. What is the maximum concentration of F , in molL1, that can be achieved by dissolving CaF2 in this hard water ?

18) A saturated solution of cadmium hydroxide, Cd(OH)2, has a pH of 9.56. a) Calculate the mass of Cd(OH)2 that could be dissolved in 1.0 L of this solution. b) What volume of water would be required to dissolve 1.0 g of Cd(OH)2 ? c) Calculate the Ksp for Cd(OH)2.

19) JoAnn Student is attempting to precipitate silver chloride. She mixes 50.0 mL of 0.10 M sodium chloride, NaCl, solution to 50.0 mL or 0.050 M silver nitrate, AgNO3, solution. [Ksp (AgCl) = 1.8 x 1010. ] a) What mass, in mg, of AgCl (s) would precipitate ? b) What is the final [Ag+] in the solution after precipitation has occurred ?

20) Lead hydroxide, Pb(OH)2, has Ksp = 1.0 x 1020. What is the solubility of Pb(OH)2 in a solution with a pH of 5.30 ? What is the [Pb2+] in this solution ?

21) The pH of many body fluids is controlled by buffering action. Phosphate buffers are a very important example of this; they help to control the pH of our blood. The important species in this phosphate buffer system come from the second dissociation of phosphoric acid: H2PO4

H+

HPO42

K2 = 6.2 x 108

If the pH of blood is 7.40, what is the ratio of [ H2PO4]/ [HPO42] ?