Aim: To study block diagram of PES used in practice along with its part in contacts with modeling.

Theory: Fig.1 shows the block diagram of Power Electronics Systems Modelling. The main block elements of PESM are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Power Sources Filter Power Electronics Modulator Feedback System Control Unit Driver Load Feed Forward System Disturbance

1. Power source: The input source may be ac and dc. It will depend upon the power electronics modulator, load and availability of source. Generally ac input power source is 1-, 230V, 50Hz ac supply and 3-, 415V , 50Hz ac supply is available in Asian region while 1-, 120V, 60Hz ac supply and 3, 380V, 60Hz ac supply is available in European countries. For large equipment 3.3KV, 6.6KV and 11KV power supply is also used. DC input is given by battery, fuel cell or photovoltaic cell of 12V or series combination to get higher voltage and parallel combination for higher current. Sometimes, Magneto Hydro Generator (MHD) is also used as input source.

2. Filter: Power Electronics Modulators switching creates waveforms with harmonics that is undesirable because they interfere with proper operation of load or other equipment, so filter are often employed at the input and output of PESM.

3. Power Electronics Modulator: It modulates the power available from the source as required by the load with command input given by the controller. It involves the basic power processing circuits like: Uncontrolled Diode Rectifier Phase Controlled Rectifier DC to DC Converter (Chopper) AC to AC Converter DC to AC Converter (Inverter) Static Switches

4. Feedback System: It consists of feedback and measurement of the electrical quantity like voltage, current, frequency or non electrical quantity like speed, position, torque, temperature etc. So, this block consists of two parts: Electrical Variable Feedback Non Electrical Variable Feedback

5. Control Unit: It processes feedback signals given by the feedback system and feed forward system and command given by operator and generates the switching signal which is given to the driver. The controller broadly divided into two categories: Continuous Controller Discontinuous Controller Depending on the type of controller, the control signal can either be continuous or discontinuous. The commonly employed controllers are: a) b) c) d) e) Analog Controller Digital Controller Microprocessor Controller Microcontroller Controller DSP Controller

6. Drivers: They are the circuit which takes input as the output of the controller and drives Power Semiconductor Switches in Power Electronics Modulator according to the demand of the load. Drivers are of two kinds: Isolated Drives Non Isolated Drives

7. Load: The loads which may be electrical or electromechanical rotating or static machine are controlled through the feedback of electrical and/or non electrical variable given to a control unit. The major commonly used loads are: DC Motor: Shunt, Series, Compound and PM. Induction Motor: Squirrel Cage, Wound Rotor, Single Phase, LIM. Synchronous Motor: Wound Field, PM. Special Machine: Stepper Motor, Servo Motor, SRM, Transformer.