STPM/S(E)956

MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA

(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)









PEPERIKSAAN
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION)








FURTHER MATHEMATICS
Syllabus and Specimen Papers







This syllabus applies for the 2012/2013 session and thereafter until further notice.




































FALSAFAH PENDIDIKAN KEBANGSAAN

Pendidikan di Malaysia adalah satu usaha berterusan
ke arah memperkembangkan lagi potensi individu secara
menyeluruh dan bersepadu untuk mewujudkan insan yang
seimbang dan harmonis dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi,
dan jasmani. Usaha ini adalah bagi melahirkan rakyat
Malaysia yang berilmu pengetahuan, berakhlak mulia,
bertanggungjawab, berketerampilan, dan berkeupayaan
mencapai kesejahteraan diri serta memberi sumbangan
terhadap keharmonian dan kemakmuran keluarga,
masyarakat dan negara.

















FOREWORD

This revised Further Mathematics syllabus is designed to replace the existing syllabus which has been
in use since the 2002 STPM examination. This new syllabus will be enforced in 2012 and the first
examination will also be held the same year. The revision of the syllabus takes into account the
changes made by the Malaysian Examinations Council (MEC) to the existing STPM examination.
Through the new system, sixth-form study will be divided into three terms, and candidates will sit for
an examination at the end of each term. The new syllabus fulfils the requirements of this new system.
The main objective of introducing the new examination system is to enhance the teaching and
learning orientation in sixth form so as to be in line with the orientation of teaching and learning in
colleges and universities.

The Further Mathematics syllabus is designed to cater for candidates who are competence and have
intense interest in mathematics and wish to further develop their understanding of mathematical
concepts and mathematical thinking and acquire skills in problem solving and the applications of
mathematics. The syllabus contains topics, teaching periods, learning outcomes, examination format,
grade description, and sample questions.

The design of this syllabus was undertaken by a committee chaired by Professor Dr. Abu Osman bin
Mad Tap of International Islamic University of Malaysia. Other committee members consist of
university lecturers, representatives from the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of
Education Malaysia, and experienced teachers teaching Mathematics. On behalf of the Malaysian
Examinations Council, I would like to thank the committee for their commitment and invaluable
contribution. It is hoped that this syllabus will be a guide for teachers and candidates in the teaching
and learning process.



OMAR BIN ABU BAKAR
Chief Executive
Malaysian Examinations Council








CONTENTS

Syllabus 956 Further Mathematics

Page

Aims 1

Objectives 1

Content

First Term: Discrete Mathematics 2 4

Second Term: Algebra and Geometry 5 7

Third Term: Calculus 8 11

Scheme of Assessment 12

Performance Descriptions 13

Mathematical Notation 14 18

Electronic Calculators 19

Reference Books 19

Specimen Paper 1 21 28

Specimen Paper 2 29 34

Specimen Paper 3 35 40

















SYLLABUS
956 FURTHER MATHEMATICS


Aims

The Further Mathematics syllabus caters for candidates who have high competence and intense
interest in mathematics and wish to further develop the understanding of mathematical concepts and
mathematical thinking and acquire skills in problem solving and the applications of mathematics.


Objectives

The objectives of this syllabus are to enable the candidates to:
(a) use mathematical concepts, terminology and notation;
(b) display and interpret mathematical information in tabular, diagrammatic and graphical forms;
(c) identify mathematical patterns and structures in a variety of situations;
(d) use appropriate mathematical models in different contexts;
(e) apply mathematical principles and techniques in solving problems;
(f) carry out calculations and approximations to an appropriate degree of accuracy;
(g) interpret the significance and reasonableness of results;
(h) present mathematical explanations, arguments and conclusions.





























1

FIRST TERM: DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

1 Logic and Proofs 20 Candidates should be able to:

1.1 Logic 10 (a) use connectives and quantifiers to form
compound statements;
(b) construct a truth table for a compound
statement, and determine whether the
statement is a tautology or contradiction or
neither;
(c) use the converse, inverse and contrapositive of
a conditional statement;
(d) determine the validity of an argument;
(e) use the rules of inference;

1.2 Proofs 10 (f) suggest a counter-example to negate a
statement;
(g) use direct proof to prove a statement, including
a biconditional statement;
(h) prove a conditional statement by
contraposition;
(i) prove a statement by contradiction;
(j) apply the principle of mathematical induction.

2 Sets and Boolean Algebras 14 Candidates should be able to:

2.1 Sets 8 (a) perform operations on sets, including the
symmetric difference of sets;
(b) find the power set and the partitions of a set;
(c) find the cartesian product of two sets;
(d) use the algebraic laws of sets;

2.2 Boolean algebras 6 (e) identify a Boolean algebra;
(f) use the properties of Boolean algebras;
(g) prove that two Boolean expressions are
logically equivalent.








2

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

3 Number Theory 26 Candidates should be able to:

3.1 Divisibility 12 (a) use the divisibility properties of integers;
(b) find greatest common divisors and least
common multiples;
(c) use the properties of greatest common divisors
and least common multiples;
(d) apply Euclidean algorithm;
(e) use the properties of prime and composite
numbers;
(f) use the fundamental theorem of arithmetic;

3.2 Congruences 14 (g) use the properties of congruences;
(h) use congruences to determine the divisibility
of integers;
(i) perform addition, subtraction and
multiplication of integers modulo n;
(j) use Chinese remainder theorem;
(k) use Fermats little theorem;
(l) solve linear congruence equations;
(m) solve simultaneous linear congruence
equations.

4 Counting 20 Candidates should be able to:

(a) use combinations and permutations to solve
counting problems;
(b) prove combinatorial identities;
(c) expand ( )
1 2
n
k
x x x + + + , where n, k
+
Z
and k 2;
(d) use the multinomial coefficients to solve
counting problems;
(e) apply the principle of inclusion and exclusion;
(f) apply the pigeonhole principle;
(g) apply the generalised pigeonhole principle.

>





3

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

5 Recurrence Relations 14 Candidates should be able to:


(a) find the general solution of a first order linear
homogeneous recurrence relation with constant
coefficients;
(b) find the general solution of a first order linear
non-homogeneous recurrence relation with
constant coefficients;
(c) find the general solution of a second order
linear homogeneous recurrence relation with
constant coefficients;
(d) find the general solution of a second order
linear non-homogeneous recurrence relation
with constant coefficients;
(e) use boundary conditions to find a particular
solution;
(f) solve problems that can be modelled by
recurrence relations.

6 Graphs 26 Candidates should be able to:

6.1 Graphs 10 (a) relate the sum of the degrees of vertices and
the number of edges of a graph;
(b) use the properties of simple graphs, regular
graphs, complete graphs, bipartite graphs and
planar graphs;
(c) represent a graph by its adjacency matrix and
incidence matrix;
(d) determine the subgraphs of a graph;

6.2 Circuits and cycles 10 (e) identify walks, trails, paths, circuits and cycles
of a graph;
(f) use properties associated with connected
graphs;
(g) determine whether a graph is eulerian, and find
eulerian trails and circuits;
(h) determine whether a graph is hamiltonian, and
find hamiltonian paths and cycles;
(i) solve problems that can be modelled by
graphs;

6.3 Isomorphism 6 (j) determine whether two graphs are isomorphic;
(k) use the properties of isomorphic graphs;
(l) apply adjacency matrices to isomorphism.

4

SECOND TERM: ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

7 Relations 20 Candidates should be able to:

7.1 Relations 12 (a) identify a binary relation on a set;
(b) determine the reflexivity, symmetry and
transitivity of a relation;
(c) determine whether a relation is an equivalence
relation;
(d) find the equivalence class of an element;
(e) find the partitions induced by an equivalence
relation;
(f) use the properties of equivalence relations;

7.2 Binary operations 8 (g) identify a binary operation on a set;
(h) use an operation table;
(i) determine the commutativity and associativity
of a binary operation and determine whether a
binary operation is distributive over another
binary opration;
(j) find the identity element and the inverse of an
element.

8 Groups 24 Candidates should be able to:

8.1 Groups 6 (a) determine whether a set with a binary
operation is a group;
(b) identify an abelian group;
(c) determine the subgroups of a group;

8.2 Cyclic groups 6 (d) find the order of an element and of a group;
(e) determine the generators of a cyclic group;
(f) use the properties of a cyclic group;

8.3 Permutation groups 6 (g) determine the cycles and transpositions in a
permutation;
(h) determine whether a permutation is odd or
even;
(i) use the properties of a permutation group;

8.4 Isomorphism 6 (j) determine whether two groups are isomorphic;
(k) prove the isomorphism properties for identities
and inverses;
(l) use the properties of isomorphics groups.

5

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

9 Eigenvalues and
Eigenvectors
14 Candidates should be able to:

9.1 Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors
6 (a) find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a
matrix;
(b) use the properties of eigenvalues and
eigenvectors of a matrix;
(c) use the Cayley-Hamilton theorem;

9.2 Diagonalisation 8 (d) determine whether a matrix is diagonalisable,
and diagonalise a matrix where appropriate;
(e) find the powers of a matrix;
(f) use the properties of orthogonal matrices;
(g) determine whether a matrix is orthogonally
diagonalisable, and orthogonally diagonalise a
matrix where appropriate.

10 Vector Spaces 24 Candidates should be able to:

10.1 Vector spaces 8 (a) determine whether a set, with addition and
scalar multiplication defined on the set, is a
vector space;
(b) determine whether a subset of a vector space is
a subspace;
(c) determine whether a vector is a linear
combination of other vectors;
(d) find the spanning set for a vector space;

10.2 Bases and dimensions 8 (e) determine whether a set of vectors is linearly
dependent or independent;
(f) find a basis for and the dimension of a vector
space;
(g) use the properties of bases and dimensions;
(h) change the basis for a vector space;

10.3 Linear transformations 8 (i) determine whether a given transformation is
linear;
(j) use the properties of linear transformations;
(k) determine the null space and the range of a
linear transformation, and find a basis for and
the dimension of the null space and the range;
(l) determine whether a linear transformation is
one-to-one.

6

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

11 Plane Geometry 24 Candidates should be able to:

11.1 Triangles 8 (a) use the properties of triangles: medians,
altitudes, angle bisectors and perpendicular
bisectors of sides;
(b) use the properties of the orthocentre, incentre
and circumcentre;
(c) apply Apollonius theorem;
(d) apply the angle bisector theorem and its
converse;

11.2 Circles 10 (e) use the properties of angles in a circle and
tangency;
(f) apply the intersecting chords theorem;
(g) apply the tangent-secant and secant-secant
theorems;
(h) use the properties of cyclic quadrilaterals;
(i) apply Ptolemys theorem;

11.3 Collinear points and
concurrent lines
6 (j) apply Menelaus theorem and its converse;
(k) apply Cevas theorem and its converse.

12 Transformation Geometry 14 Candidates should be able to:

(a) use 2 2 and 3 3 matrices to represent linear
transformations;
(b) determine the standard matrices for
transformations;
(c) find the image and inverse image under a
transformation;
(d) find the invariant points and lines of
transformations;
(e) relate the area or volume scale-factor of a
transformation to the determinant of the
corresponding matrix;
(f) determine the compositions of transformations.








7

THIRD TERM: CALCULUS

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

13 Hyperbolic and Inverse
Hyperbolic Functions
16
Candidates should be able to:

13.1 Hyperbolic and
inverse hyperbolic
functions
8 (a) use hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic
functions and their graphs;
(b) use basic hyperbolic identities, and the
formulae for sinh (x y), cosh (x y) and tanh
(x y), including sinh 2x, cosh 2x and tanh 2x;
(c) derive and use the logarithmic forms for
sinh
1
x, cosh
1
x and tanh
1
x;
(d) solve equations involving hyperbolic and
inverse hyperbolic expressions;

13.2 Derivatives and
integrals
8 (e) derive the derivatives of sinh x, cosh x, tanh x,
sinh
1
x, cosh
1
x and tanh
1
x;
(f) differentiate functions involving hyperbolic
and inverse hyperbolic functions;
(g) integrate functions involving hyperbolic and
inverse hyperbolic functions;
(h) use hyperbolic substitutions in integration.

14 Techniques and
Applications of Integration
20 Candidates should be able to:

14.1 Reduction formulae 4 (a) obtain reduction formulae for integrals;
(b) use reduction formulae for the evaluation of
definite integrals;

14.2 Improper integrals 4 (c) evaluate integrals with infinite limits of
integration;
(d) evaluate integrals with discontinuous
integrands;











8

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

14.3 Applications of
integration
12 (e) calculate arc lengths for curves with equations
in cartesian coordinates (including the use of a
parameter);
(f) calculate areas of surfaces of revolution about
one of the coordinate axes for curves with
equations in cartesian coordinates (including
the use of a parameter);
(g) sketch curves defined by polar equations;
(h) calculate the areas of regions bounded by
curves with equations in polar coordinates;
(i) calculate arc lengths for curves with equations
in polar coordinates.

15 Infinite Sequences and
Series
24 Candidates should be able to:

15.1 Sequences 4 (a) determine the monotonicity and boundedness
of a sequence;
(b) determine the convergence or divergence of a
sequence;

15.2 Series 10 (c) use the properties of a p-series and harmonic
series;
(d) use the properties of an alternating series;
(e) use the nth-term test for divergence of a series;
(f) use the comparison, ratio, root and integral
tests to determine the convergence or
divergence of series;

15.3 Taylor series 10 (g) find the Taylor series for a function and the
interval of convergence;
(h) use a Taylor polynomial to approximate a
function;
(i) use the remainder term, in terms of the
(n + 1)th derivative at an intermediate point
and in terms of an integral of the (n + 1)th
derivative;
(j) use lHospitals rule to find limits in
indeterminate forms.






9

Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

16 Differential Equations 20 Candidates should be able to:

16.1 Linear differential
equations
14 (a) find the general solution of a second order
linear homogeneous differential equation with
constant coefficients;
(b) find the general solution of a second order
linear non- homogeneous differential equation
with constant coefficients;
(c) transform, by a given substitution, a
differential equation into a second order linear
differential equation with constant coefficients;
(d) use boundary conditions to find a particular
solution;
(e) solve problems that can be modelled by
differential equations;

16.2 Numerical solution of
differential equations
6 (f) use a Taylor series to find a polynomial
approximation for the solution of a first order
differential equation;
(g) use Eulers method to find an approximate
solution for a first order differential equation,
and determine the effect of step length on the
error;
(h) find the series solution for 2nd order
differential equations.

17 Vector-valued Functions 16 Candidates should be able to:

17.1 Vector-valued
functions
6 (a) find the domain and sketch the graph of a
vector-valued function;
(b) determine the existence and values of the
limits of a vector-valued function;
(c) determine the continuity of a vector-valued
function;

17.2 Derivatives and
integrals
2

(d) find the derivatives of vector-valued functions;
(e) find the integrals of vector-valued functions;

17.3 Curvature 4 (f) find unit tangent, unit normal and binormal
vectors;
(g) calculate curvatures and radii of curvature;

17.4 Motion in space 4 (h) find the position, velocity and acceleration of a
particle moving along a curve;
(i) determine the tangential and normal
components of acceleration.

10


Topic
Teaching
Period
Learning Outcome

18 Partial Derivatives 24 Candidates should be able to:

18.1 Functions of two
variables
6 (a) find the domain and sketch the graph of a
function of two variables;
(b) determine the existence and values of the
limits of a function of two variables;
(c) determine the continuity of a function of two
variables;

18.2 Partial derivatives 8 (d) find the first and second order partial
derivatives of a function of two variables;
(e) use the chain rule to obtain the first derivative;
(f) find total differentials;
(g) determine linear approximations and errors;

18.3 Directional derivatives 4 (h) find the directional derivatives and gradient of
a function of two variables;
(i) determine the minimum and maximum values
of directional derivatives and the directions in
which they occur;

18.4 Extrema of functions 6 (j) use the second derivatives test to determine the
extremum values of a function of two
variables;
(k) use the method of Lagrange multipliers to
solve constrained optimisation problems.



















11


Scheme of Assessment

Term of
Study
Paper Code
and Name
Type of Test
Mark
(Weighting)
Duration Administration
First
Term
956/1
Further
Mathematics
Paper 1
Written test

Section A
Answer all 6 questions of variable
marks.
Section B
Answer 1 out of 2 questions.
All questions are based on topics 1
to 6.
60
(33.33%)
45


15

1 hours
Central
assessment
Second
Term
956/2
Further
Mathematics
Paper 2
Written test

Section A
Answer all 6 questions of variable
marks.
Section B
Answer 1 out of 2 questions.
All questions are based on topics 7
to 12.
60
(33.33%)
45


15
1 hours
Central
assessment
Third
Term
956/3
Further
Mathematics
Paper 3
Written test

Section A
Answer all 6 questions of variable
marks.
Section B
Answer 1 out of 2 questions.
All questions are based on topics 13
to 18.
60
(33.33%)
45


15


1 hours
Central
assessment

12

Performance Descriptions

A grade A candidate is likely able to:
(a) use correctly mathematical concepts, terminology and notation;
(b) display and interpret mathematical information in tabular, diagrammatic and graphical
forms;
(c) identify mathematical patterns and structures in a variety of situations;
(d) use appropriate mathematical models in different contexts;
(e) apply correctly mathematical principles and techniques in solving problems;
(f) carry out calculations and approximations to an appropriate degree of accuracy;
(g) interpret the significance and reasonableness of results, making sensible predictions where
appropriate;
(h) present mathematical explanations, arguments and conclusions, usually in a logical and
systematic manner.


A grade C candidate is likely able to:
(a) use correctly some mathematical concepts, terminology and notation;
(b) display and interpret some mathematical information in tabular, diagrammatic and graphical
forms;
(c) identify mathematical patterns and structures in certain situations;
(d) use appropriate mathematical models in certain contexts;
(e) apply correctly some mathematical principles and techniques in solving problems;
(f) carry out some calculations and approximations to an appropriate degree of accuracy;
(g) interpret the significance and reasonableness of some results;
(h) present some mathematical explanations, arguments and conclusions.




















13

Mathematical Notation

Miscellaneous symbols
= is equal to
is not equal to
is identical to or is congruent to
is approximately equal to
is proportional to
< is less than
is less than or equal to
<
> is greater than
is greater than or equal to
infinity
>
therefore
there exists
for all

Operations
a + b a plus b
a b a minus b
a b, a b, ab a multiplied by b
a b,
a
b
a divided by b
a : b ratio of a to b
a
n
nth power of a

1
2
a , a positive square root of a

1
n
a ,
n
a positive nth root of a
|a| absolute value of a real number a
u
1
+ u
2
+ + u
n

1
n
i
i
u
=

n! n factorial for nN
binomial coefficient
n
r



!
!( )!
n
r n r
for n, r N, 0 r n
< <
multinomial coefficient
1 2
, ,. . .,
k
n
r r r

1 2
!
! !... !
k
n
r r r
, where r
1
+ r
2
+ . . . + r
k
= n

Logic
p a statement p
p not p
p q p or q
p q p and q
pq p or q but not both p and q
14

p q if p then q
p q p if and only if q
p q p is logically equivalent to q
p q p is not logically equivalent to q /

Set notation
is an element of
is not an element of
{x
1
, x
2
,. . ., x
n
} set with elements x
1
, x
2
, . . . , x
n

{x | . . .} set of x such that . . .
set of natural numbers, {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} N
set of integers, {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .} Z
set of positive integers, {1, 2, 3, . . .}
+
Z
set of rational numbers, {
p
q
| p and q Z
+
Z }
set of real numbers R
[a, b] closed interval {x | a x b}
<
R <
(a, b) open interval {x R| a < x < b}
[a, b) interval {x R| a x < b} <
(a, b] interval {x R| a < x } b <
empty set
union
intersection
U universal set
A' complement of a set A
is a subset of
is a proper subset

is not a subset of
is not a proper subset
n(A) number of elements in a set A
P(A) power set of A
A B cartesian product of sets A and B, i.e. A B = {( a, b ) | a A, b B}
A B complement of set B in set A
A B symmetry difference of sets A and B, (A B) (B A)

Number theory
a b a divides b
a b a does not divide b |
/
gcd (a, b) greatest common divisor of integers a and b
lcm (a, b) least common multiple of integers a and b
15

m n (mod d) m is congruent to n modulo d
set of integers modulo n, {0, 1, 2, . . ., n 1}
n
Z
x floor of x
x ceiling of x

Graphs
G a graph G
V(G) set of vertices of a graph G
E(G) set of edges of a graph G
deg (v) degree of vertex v
{v, w} edge joining v and w in a simple graph
a complete graph on n vertices
n

a complete bipartite graph with one set of m vertices and another set of
n vertices
, m n

Relations
y R x y is related to x by a relation R
y ~ x y is equivalent to x, in the context of some equivalence relation
[ a ] equivalence class of an element a
A / R a partition of set A induced by the equivalence relation R on A

Groups
(G,
*
) a set G together with a binary operation
*

e identity element
a
1
inverse of an element a
is isomorphic to

Matrices
A a matrix A
I identity matrix
0 null matrix
A
1
inverse of a non-singular square matrix A
A
T
transpose of a matrix A
det A determinant of a square matrix A

Vector spaces
V a vector space V
set of real ordered pairs
2
R
set of real ordered triples
3
R
set of real ordered n-tuples
n
R
T a linear transformation T


16

Geometry
AB length of the line segment with end points A and B
angle at A A
BAC angle between line segments AB and AC
triangle whose vertices are A, B and C ABC
// is parallel to
is perpendicular to

Vectors
a a vector a
| a | magnitude of a vector a
unit vector in the direction of the vector a a
i, j, k unit vectors in the directions of the cartesian coordinates axes
vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line
segment from point A to point B
AB
,
| magnitude of AB | AB
, ,

scalar product of vectors a and b a b -
a b vector product of vectors a and b

Functions
f a function f
f(x) value of a function f at x
f is a function under which each element of set A has an image in set B f : A B
f : x y f is a function which maps the element x to the element y
inverse function of f
1
f

composite function of f and g which is defined by f g f g( ) = f[g( )] x x

e
x
exponential function of x
log
a
x logarithm to base a of x
ln x natural logarithm of x, log
e
x
lg x logarithm to base 10 of x, log
10
x
sin, cos, tan,
csc, sec, cot
trigonometric functions
sin
1
, cos
1
, tan
1
,
csc
1
, sec
1
, cot
1

inverse trigonometric functions
sinh, cosh, tanh,
csch, sech, coth
hyperbolic functions
sinh
1
, cosh
1
, tanh
1
,
csch
1
, sech
1
, coth
1

inverse hyperbolic functions



17

Derivatives and integrals
limf ( )
x a
x

limit of f(x) as x tends to a

d
d
y
x
first derivative of y with respect to x
f '( ) x first derivative of f(x) with respect to x

2
2
d
d
y
x
second derivative of y with respect to x
f ''( ) x second derivative of f(x) with respect to x

d
d
n
n
y
x
nth derivative of y with respect to x

( )
f ( )
n
x nth derivative of f(x) with respect to x
indefinite integral of y with respect to x y x

d
definite integral of y with respect to x for values of x between a and b d
b
a
y x

Vector-valued functions
curvature
T unit tangent vector
N unit normal vector

Partial derivatives

y
x

partial derivative of y with respect to x

del operator,
x y z

= + +

i j k





















18

Electronic Calculators

During the written paper examination, candidates are advised to have standard scientific calculators
which must be silent. Programmable and graphic display calculators are prohibited.


Reference Books

Discrete Mathematics
1. Dolan, S., Neill, H. and Quadling, D., 2009. Further Mathematics for the IB Diploma:
Standard Level. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
2. Gaulter, B. and Gaulter, M., 2001. Further Pure Mathematics. United Kingdom: Oxford
University Press.
3. Epp, S. S., 2011. Discrete Mathematics with Applications. 4th edition. Singapore:
Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
4. Rosen, K. H., 2012. Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. 7th edition. Kuala Lumpur:
McGraw-Hill.

Algebra and Geometry
5. Dolan, S., Neill, H. and Quadling, D., 2009. Further Mathematics for the IB Diploma:
Standard Level. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
6. Gaulter, B. and Gaulter, M., 2001. Further Pure Mathematics. United Kingdom: Oxford
University Press.
7. Nicholson, W.K., 2012. Indtroduction to Abstract Algebra. 4th edition. Singapore: John
Wiley.
8. Poole, D., 2010. Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction. 3rd edition. Singapore:
Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
9. Spence L. E., Insel A. J. and Frieberg, S.H., 2008. Elementary Linear Algebra: A Matrix
Approach. 2nd edition. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
10. Sraleigh, J.B., 2003. A First Course in Abstract Algebra. 7th edition. Singapore: Pearson
Addison Wesley.

Calculus
11. Dolan, S., Neill, H. and Quadling, D., 2009. Further Mathematics for the IB Diploma:
Standard Level. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
12. Gaulter, B. and Gaulter, M., 2001. Further Pure Mathematics. United Kingdom: Oxford
University Press.
13. Smith, R.T. and Minton, R.B., 2012. Calculus: Early Transcendental Function. 4th edition.
Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.
14. Stewart, J., 2012. Calculus: Early Transcendentals. 7th edition, Metric Version. Singapore:
Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
15. Tan, S. T., 2011. Calculus: Early Transcendentals. California: Brooks/Cole, Cengage
Learning.




19


































20

SPECIMEN PAPER



956/1 STPM



FURTHER MATHEMATICS (MATEMATIK LANJUTAN)

PAPER 1 (KERTAS 1)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)


MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)


SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)


Instruction to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Answer all questions in Section A and any one question in Section B. Answers may be written in
either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
All necessary working should be shown clearly.
Scientific calculators may be used. Programmable and graphic display calculators are
prohibited.
A list of mathematical formulae is provided on page of this question paper.

Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU UNTUK BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana satu soalan dalam Bahagian B.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
Semua kerja yang perlu hendaklah ditunjukkan dengan jelas.
Kalkulator sainstifik boleh digunakan. Kalkulator boleh atur cara dan kalkulator paparan grafik
tidak dibenarkan.
Senarai rumus matematik dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
__________________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 956/1
21

Section A [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Consider the following argument.
If Abu likes to drive to work or his fathers car is old, then he will buy a new car.
Abu does not buy a new car or he takes a train to work.
Abu did not take a train to work.
Therefore, Abu does not like to drive to work.
(a) Rewrite the argument using statement variables and connectives. [2 marks]
(b) Test the argument for validity. [5 marks]

2 Let set B with binary operations and be a Boolean algebra. Show that, for all x, y and z in B,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . x y z x y z x y z x y z y

[5 marks]

3 Find the greatest common divisor of 2501 and 2173, and express it in the form 2501m + 2173n,
where m and n are integers to be determined. [6 marks]
Hence, find the smallest positive integer p such that 9977 + p = 2501x + 2173y, where x and y are
integers. [3 marks]

4 There are 20 balls of which 4 are yellow, 5 are red, 5 are white and 6 are black. The balls of the
same colour are identical.
(a) Find the number of ways in which all the balls can be arranged in a row so that all the white
balls are together to form a single block and there is at least one black ball beside the white block.
[3 marks]
(b) Find the number of ways in which 5 balls can be arranged in a row if the balls are selected
only from the red and yellow balls. [3 marks]
(c) Find the number of ways in which all the balls can be distributed to 4 persons so that each one
receives at least one ball of each colour. [4 marks]
(d) Determine the number of balls which must be chosen in order to obtain at least 4 balls of the
same colour. [2 marks]

5 Let a
n
be the number of ways (where the order is significant) the natural number n can be written
as a sum of 1s, 2s or both.
(a) Explain why the recurrence relation for a
n
, in terms of a
n1
and a
n2
, is
a
n
= a
n1
+ a
n2
, n > 2. [2 marks]
(b) Find an explicit formula for a
n
. [6 marks]










956/1
22

Bahagian A [45 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Pertimbangkan hujah yang berikut.
Jika Abu suka memandu ke tempat kerja atau kereta ayahnya lama, maka dia akan
membeli kereta baharu.
Abu tidak membeli kereta baharu atau dia menaiki kereta api ke tempat kerja.
Abu tidak menaiki kereta api ke tempat kerja.
Oleh itu, Abu tidak suka memandu ke tempat kerja.
(a) Tulis semula hujah itu dengan menggunakan pembolehubah dan penghubung penyataan.
[2 markah]
(b) Uji kesahan hujah tersebut. [5 markah]

2 Katakan set B dengan operasi dedua dan ialah algebra Boolean. Tunjukkan bahawa, bagi
semua x, y dan z dalam B,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . x y z x y z x y z x y z y

[5 markah]

3 Cari pembahagi sepunya terbesar 2501 dan 2173, dan ungkapkannya dalam bentuk
2501m + 2173n, dengan m dan n integer yang perlu ditentukan. [6 markah]
Dengan yang demikian, cari integer positif terkecil p yang sebegitu rupa sehinggakan
9977 + p = 2501x + 2173y, dengan x dan y integer. [3 markah]

4 Terdapat 20 bola dengan 4 berwarna kuning, 5 berwarna merah, 5 berwarna putih dan 6 berwarna
hitam. Bola yang berwarna sama adalah secaman.
(a) Cari bilangan cara semua bola itu boleh disusun dalam satu baris supaya semua bola putih
bersama-sama membentuk satu blok tunggal dan terdapat sekurang-kurangnya satu bola hitam di sisi
blok putih. [3 markah]
(b) Cari bilangan cara 5 bola boleh disusun dalam satu baris jika bola itu dipilih hanya daripada
bola merah dan bola kuning. [3 markah]
(c) Cari bilangan cara semua bola itu boleh diagihkan kepada 4 orang supaya setiap orang
menerima sekurang-kurangnya satu bola bagi setiap warna. [4 markah]
(d) Tentukan bilangan bola yang mesti dipilih untuk memperoleh sekurang-kurangnya 4 bola
yang berwarna sama. [2 markah]

5 Katakan a
n
ialah bilangan cara (tertib adalah bererti) nombor asli n boleh ditulis sebagai hasil
tambah 1, 2, atau kedua-duanya.
(a) Jelaskan mengapa hubungan jadi semula bagi a
n
, dalam sebutan a
n1
dan a
n2
, ialah
a
n
= a
n1
+ a
n2
, n > 2. [2 markah]
(b) Cari satu rumus tak tersirat bagi a
n
. [6 markah]







956/1

23

6 A graph is given as follows:

e
6

e
5

e
4

e
3

e
2

e
1

v
5

v
4

v
2

v
1




v
3





(a) Write down an incidence matrix for the graph. [2 marks]
(b) What can be said about the sum of the entries in any row and the sum of the entries in any
column of this incidence matrix? [2 marks]







































956/1
24

6 Satu graf diberikan seperti yang berikut:

v
2

e
1

v
1








(a) Tuliskan satu matriks insidens bagi graf itu. [2 markah]
(b) Apakah yang boleh dikatakan tentang hasil tambah kemasukan sebarang baris dan hasil
tambah kemasukan sebarang lajur matriks insidens ini? [2 markah]







































956/1
v
3

v
4

e
2

e
3

e
4

e
5

e
6

v
5

25

Section B [15 marks]

Answer any one question in this section.

7 Define the congruence a b (mod m). [1 mark]
Solve each of the congruences x
3
2 (mod 3) and x
3
2 (mod 5). Deduce the set of positive
integers which satisfy both the congruences. [9 marks]
Hence, find the positive integers x and y which satisfy the equation [5 marks] 152. 12 15
3
= + xy x

8 Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. Show that m
1
2
( 1) n n .
956/1
[4 marks]
<
(a) If m = 10 and G has all vertices of odd degrees, find the smallest possible value of n. [4 marks]
(b) If n = 11 and m = 46, show that G is connected. [7 marks]





































26

Bahagian B [15 markah]
Jawab mana-mana satu s dalam bahagian ini.

Takrifkan kekongruenan a b (mod m). [1 markah]
od 3) dan x
3
2 (mod 5). Deduksikan set in
an
x dan y yang memenuhi persamaan
[5 markah
Katakan G ialah satu graf ringkas dengan n bucu dan m tepi. Tunjukkan bahawa

oalan
7
Selesaikan setiap kekongruenan x
3
2 (m teger positif
y g memenuhi kedua-dua kekongruenan itu. [9 markah]
Dengan yang demikian, cari integer positif =
3
15 12152. x xy +
]


1
2
( 1) n n 8 m .
[4 markah]
m = 10 dan G mempunyai semua bucu dengan darjah ganjil, cari nilai n ter
a n = 11 dan m = 46, tunjukkan bahawa G adalah berkait.
56/1

<
(a) Jika kecil yang
mungkin. [4 markah]
(b) Jik [7 markah]























9
27

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
Counting
gan)
Multinomial theorem

(RUMUS MATEMATIK)



(Pembilan

(Teorem multinomial)
( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
!
. . .
! !. . . !
k
n
r r r
k k
k
n
x x x x x
r r r
+ + + =

x , where
1 2 k
r r r n + + + =

( )
1 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
!
. . .
! !. . . !
k
n
r r r
k k
k
n
x x x x x
r r r
+ + + =

x , dengan
1 2 k
r r r n + + + =

Principle of inclusion and exclusion


(Prinsip rangkuman dan eksklusi)

( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
m i i
i m i j m
n A A A n A n A A
<
=


j

< < < <
( ) ( )
1
1 2
1
( 1)
m
i j k m
i j k m
n A A A n A A A
+
< <
+ +

<

956/1
<

















28

SPECIMEN PAPER

FURTHER MATHEMATICS (MATEMATIK LANJUTAN)
PAPER 2 (KERTAS 2)
One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)
MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

nstruction to candidates:
QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
ritten in
shown clearly.
mable and graphic display calculators are
mathematical formulae is provided on page of this question paper.
kepada calon:
ERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU UNTUK BERBUAT
E
ua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana satu soalan dalam Bahagian B.
cara dan kalkulator paparan grafik
matematik dibekalkankan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
_________________
(Kerta song.)
STPM 956/2


956/2 STPM







(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)


(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)

I
DO NOT OPEN THIS
Answer all questions in Section A and any one question in Section B. Answers may be w
either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
All necessary working should be
Scientific calculators may be used. Program
prohibited.
A list of

Arahan
JANGAN BUKA K
D MIKIAN.
Jawab sem
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
Semua kerja yang perlu hendaklah ditunjukkan dengan jelas.
Kalkulator sainstifik boleh digunakan. Kalkulator boleh atur
tidak dibenarkan.
Senarai rumus
_________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
s soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman ko
Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
29

Section A [45 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.

Let S be the set of all prime numbers less then 20 and R the relation on S defined by

1
(a, b) R a
2
+ b
2
is even, a, b S.
Show that R is an equivale [5 marks]
Let (G, ) be a group, a G and H
a
= {x G| xa = ax}. Show that H
a
is a subgroup of G.
marks]
3 Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix

. [8 marks]

Let P
3
be the vector space of all polynomials with degree at most three and W be the set of all
The diagram below shows a circle inscribed in a triangle ABC, with the sides AB, BC and CA as

ine segment ZX produced meets the line segment CB produced at a point P. The line segment
X
Show
nce relation.

2
[6

2 3 2
3 3 3
2 3 2

4
polynomials of the form a bx bx ax + +
2 3
. Show that W is a subspace of P
3
, and find a basis for W.
[8 marks]

5
tangents to the circle at points X, Y and Z respectively.

R
Z
A
Q
X
P
B Y
C












The l
Y produced meets the line segment CA produced at a point Q. The line segment YZ produced meets
the line segment BA produced at a point R.
that .
BY BP
PC
= Deduce similar expressions for
AZ
ZC
and .
AX
XB YC
[8 marks]
Hence, show that P, Q and R are collinear. [4 marks]
6 The matrices A and B are given by A =

3 1
2 2
3 1
2 2

and B =
0 1
1 0
.

represented by BA
4
B. [6 marks]

Describe the respective

plane transformation represented by A and B, and hence, describe the single transformation
56/2


9
30

Bahagian A [45 markah]
Jawab semua soalan alam bahagian ini.

Katakan S ialah set semua nombor perdana yang kurang daripada 20 dan R ialah hubungan pada S
(a, b) R a
2
+ b
2
adalah genap,

d
1
yang ditakrifkan oleh
a, b S.
Tunjukkan bahawa R ia [5 markah]
Katakan (G, ) ialah satu kumpulan, a G dan H
a
= {x G| xa = ax}. Tunjukkan bahawa H
a

3 Cari nilai eigen dan vektor eigen matriks

. [8 markah]

Katakan P ialah ruang vektor semua polinomial berdarjah selebih-lebihnya tiga dan W ialah set
Gambar rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu bulatan yang terterap dalam segitiga ABC, dengan sisi
,
Tembereng garis ZX yang dilanjurkan bertemu dengan tembereng garis CB yang dilanjurkan
Tunjukkan bahawa
lah hubungan kesetaraan.

2
ialah satu subkumpulan G. [6 markah]

2 3 2
3 3 3
2 3 2

4
3
semua polinomial berbentuk a bx bx ax + +
2 3
. Tunjukkan bahawa W ialah subruang P
3
, dan cari
satu asas bagi W. [8 markah]

5
AB BC, dan CA sebagai tangen kepada bulatan itu masing-masing di titik X, Y , dan Z.


R


A
Q


Z
X



P C
Y B


di titik P. Tembereng garis YX yang dilajurkan bertemu dengan tembereng garis CA yang dilanjurkan
di titik Q. Tembereng garis YZ yang dilanjurkan bertemu dengan tembereng garis BA yang dilanjurkan
di titik R.
.
BY BP
YC PC
= Deduksikan ungkapan yang serupa bagi
AZ
ZC
dan .
AX
XB

[8 markah]
an yang demikian, tunjukkan bahawa P, Q dan R adalah segaris.
6 Matriks A dan B diberikan oleh A =
Deng [4 markah]

3 1
2 2
3 1
2 2

dan B =
0 1
1 0
.

Perihalkan penjelmaan satah
yang masing-masing diwakili oleh A dan B, dan dengan yang demikian, perihalkan penjelmaan
56/2
tunggal yang diwakili oleh BA
4
B. [6 markah]

9
31

Section B [15 marks]
Answer any one question in this section.

The set G = {e, a, a
2
, a
3
, b, ab, a b, a b} and the operation are such that (G, ) is a group, where

[4 marks]
The linear transformation L : is defined by
.

2 3
7
e is the identity element, element a is of order 4, a
2
= b
2
and ba = a
3
b.
(a) Show, in any order, that ba
2
= a
2
b and ba
3
= ab.
(b) Construct a group table for (G, ). [6 marks]
(c) Find a subgroup of order 2 and a subgroup of order 4 for (G, ). [2 marks]
(d) Determine whether (H, +
8
) is isomorphic to (G, ), where H = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and +
8
is
an addition modulo 8. Justify your conclusion. [3 marks]

3 3
R R
1 0
8
2
L 1 1 0
0 1 2
x x
y y
z z


=





(a) Determine a basis for the range of L, and a basis for the null space of L. [6 marks]
(b) Find the image of the line
0

under L. [3 marks]
(c) Find, in the form r = a + b, the equation of a straight line whose image under L is the point
ow that the image of the plane x y + z = 2 under L is the plane x y + z = 0.
56/2
1 2
2 2
2


= +

r
(5, 3, 2). [3 marks]
(d) Sh [3 marks]
























9
32

Bahagian B [15 markah]
Jawab mana-mana satu s dalam bahagian ini.

Set G = {e, a, a
2
, a
3
, b, ab, a b, a b} dan operasi adalah sebegitu rupa sehinggakan (G, ) ialah
[4 markah]
ntukan sama ada (H, +
8
) isomorfik dengan (G, ), dengan H = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
Penjelmaan linear L : ditakrifkan oleh
.

oalan
2 3
7
satu kumpulan, dengan e unsur identiti, unsur a berperingkat 4, a
2
= b
2
dan ba = a
3
b.
(a) Tunjukkan, mengikut mana-mana tertib, bahawa ba
2
= a
2
b dan ba
3
= ab.
(b) Bina satu jadual kumpulan bagi (G, ). [6 markah]
(c) Cari satu subkumpulan berperingkat 2 dan satu subkumpulan berperingkat 4 bagi (G, ).
[2 markah]
(d) Te 6, 7} dan +
8

penambahan modulo 8. Justifikasikan kesimpulan anda. [3 markah]

3 3
R R
1 0
8
2
L 1 1 0
0 1 2
x x
y y
z z


=




(a) Tentukan satu asas bagi julat L, dan satu asas bagi ruang nol L. [6 markah]
(b) Cari imej garis
0

di bawah L. [3 markah]
(c) Cari, dalam , persamaan garis lurus yang imejnya di bawah L ialah titik
njukkan bahawa imej satah x y + z = 2 di bawah L ialah satah x y + z = 0.

56/2
1 2
2 2
2



= +

r
bentuk r = a + b
(5, 3, 2). [3 markah]
(d) Tu [3 markah]























9
33

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE

Plane Geometry
e inscribed in a triangle
segitiga)
r =
(RUMUS MATEMATIK)


(Geometri satah)
Radius of circl
(Jejari bulatan yang terterap dalam satu

( )( )( ) s s a s b s c
s



Radius of circle circumscribing a triangle
iga)
R =


(Jejari bulatan yang menerap lilit satu segit

4 ( )( )( )
abc
s s a s b s c


56/2






























9
34

SPECIMEN PAPER



956/3 STPM



FURTHER MATHEMATICS (MATEMATIK LANJUTAN)

PAPER 3 (KERTAS 3)

One and a half hours (Satu jam setengah)


MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL)


SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA
(MALAYSIA HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE)


Instruction to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
Answer all questions in Section A and any one question in Section B. Answers may be written in
either English or Bahasa Malaysia.
All necessary working should be shown clearly.
Scientific calculators may be used. Programmable and graphic display calculators are
prohibited.
A list of mathematical formulae is provided on page of this question paper.

Arahan kepada calon:
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU UNTUK BERBUAT
DEMIKIAN.
Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A dan mana-mana satu soalan dalam Bahagian B.
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau Bahasa Malaysia.
Semua kerja yang perlu hendaklah ditunjukkan dengan jelas.
Kalkulator sainstifik boleh digunakan. Kalkulator boleh atur cara dan kalkulator paparan grafik
tidak dibenarkan.
Senarai rumus matematik dibekalkan pada halaman kertas soalan ini.
__________________________________________________________________________________
This question paper consists of printed pages and blank page.
(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada halaman bercetak dan halaman kosong.)
Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia
STPM 956/3
35

Section A [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

1 Show that

ln 2
2 2
0
255 1
1024 8
sinh cosh d ln 2. x x x =

[6 marks]
Deduce the exact value of
1
2
0
2 2
ln
sinh cosh d . x x x

[2 marks]

2 The polar equations of a circle and a cardioid are r = sin and r = 1 cos respectively.
(a) Sketch, on the same axes, the two curves. [4 marks]
(b) Calculate the area of the intersecting region bounded by both curves. [4 marks]
(c) Calculate the perimeter of the region in (b). [4 marks]

3 Using a comparison test, show that the series
2
1
1
3
k
k k

=
+

is convergent. [4 marks]

4 It is given that
2
d
(
d
y
x x y
x
2) = + + with the initial condition y = 1 when x = 0. Using the Euler
formula obtain an estimate of y

at x = 0.1 in five steps correct to four decimal
places. [5 marks]
1 0 0 0
f ( , ), y y h x y +

5 The path of an object is defined by r(t) = ti + 2tj + t
2
k.
(a) Find the tangential and normal components of the acceleration of the object. [7 marks]
(b) Determine the curvature at t = 1. [3 marks]

6 Show that
2 2
2
) 0 , 1 ( ) , (
) 1 (
ln ) 1 (
lim
y x
x x
y x
+

exists, and find its value. [6 marks]

956/3
36

Bahagian A [45 markah]

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1 Tunjukkan bahawa

ln 2
2 2
0
255 1
1024 8
sinh kosh d ln 2. x x x =

[6 markah]
Deduksikan nilai tepat
1
2
0
2 2
ln
sinh kosh d . x x x

[2 markah]

2 Persamaan kutub satu bulatan dan satu kardioid masing-masing ialah r = sin dan r = 1 kos .
(a) Lakar, pada paksi yang sama, dua lengkung itu. [4 markah]
(b) Hitung luas rantau bersilang yang dibatasi oleh kedua-dua lengkung itu. [4 markah]
(c) Hitung perimeter rantau dalam (b). [4 markah]

3 Dengan menggunakan ujian bandingan, tunjukkan bahawa siri
2
1
1
3
k
k k

=
+

adalah menumpu.
[4 markah]

4 Diberikan bahawa
2
d
(
d
y
x x y
x
= + + 2) dengan syarat awal y = 1 apabila x = 0. Dengan
menggunakan rumus Euler y
1
y
0
+ dapatkan satu anggaran y di x = 0.1 dalam lima
langkah

betul hingga empat tempat perpuluhan. [5 markah]
0 0
f ( , ), h x y

5 Lintasan satu objek ditakrifkan oleh r(t) = ti + 2tj + t
2
k.
(a) Cari komponen tangen dan komponen normal pecutan objek itu. [7 markah]
(b) Tentukan kelengkungan di t = 1. [3 markah]

6 Tunjukkan bahawa
2
2
( , ) (1,0)
( 1) ln
had
( 1)
x y
2
x x
x y

+
wujud, dan cari nilainya. [6 markah]
















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37

Section B [15 marks]

Answer any one question in this section.

7 Find the general solution of the differential equation

2
2
d d
4 12 8cos 2
d d
y y
y
t t
+ + = . t [8 marks]
(a) Find the approximate values of y when t = n and
( )
1
2
, t n = + where n is a large positive
integer. [3 marks]
(b) Show that, whatever the initial conditions, the limiting solution as t may be expressed in
the form

, sin(2 ) y k t = + where k is a positive integer and an acute angle which are to be
determined. [4 marks]

8 A right pyramid has a rectangular base of length 2x and width 2y. The slant edges are each of
length 5 units.
(a) Find an expression for the total surface area, S, of the pyramid in terms of x and y. [3 marks]
(b) Find the total differential of S. Interpret your answer. [6 marks]
(c) Determine the error in estimating the change in S using the total differential if x changes from
4.00 to 4.04 and y changes from 3.00 to 2.94. [6 marks]






























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Bahagian B [15 markah]

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

7 Cari selesaian am persamaan pembezaan

2
2
d d
4 12 8kos 2
d d
y y
y
t t
+ + = . t [8 markah]
(a) Cari nilai hampiran y apabila t = n dan
( )
1
2
, t n = + dengan n integer positif yang besar.
[3 markah]
(b) Tunjukkan bahawa, walau apa pun syarat awal, selesaian pengehad semasa t boleh
diungkapkan dalam bentuk

, sin(2 ) y k t = + dengan k integer positif dan sudut tirus yang perlu
ditentukan. [4 markah]

8 Satu piramid tegak mempunyai tapak segiempat dengan panjang 2x dan lebar 2y. Setiap tepi
sendeng mempunyai panjang 5 unit.
(a) Cari satu ungkapan bagi jumlah luas permukaan, S, piramid itu dalam sebutan x dan y.
[3 markah]
(b) Cari pembeza seluruh S. Tafsirkan jawapan anda. [6 markah]
(c) Tentukan ralat dalam menganggar perubahan dalam S dengan menggunakan pembeza seluruh
jika x berubah dari 4.00 ke 4.04 dan y berubah dari 3.00 ke 2.94. [6 markah]





























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39

40
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE
(RUMUS MATEMATIK)

Inverse hyperbolic functions
(Fungsi hiperbolik songsang)

sinh
1
x = ln ( x +
2
1 x + )
cosh
1
x = ln ( x +
2
1 x ), x 1
>
tanh
1
x =
1 1
ln
2 1
x
x
+

, |x| < 1

sinh
1
x = ln ( x +
2
1 x + )
kosh
1
x = ln ( x +
2
1 x ), x 1
>
tanh
1
x =
1 1
ln
2 1
x
x
+

, |x| < 1


Integrals
(Pengamiran)
1
2 2
1 1
d tan
x
x c
a a
a x

= +

+

1
2 2
1
d sin
x
x c
a
a x

= +

1
2 2
1
d cosh
x
x c
a
x a

= +

1
2 2
1
d sinh
x
x c
a
x a

= +


+

1
2 2
1 1
d tan
x
x c
a a
a x

= +

+

1
2 2
1
d sin
x
x c
a
a x

= +

1
2 2
1
d kosh
x
x c
a
x a

= +

1
2 2
1
d sinh
x
x c
a
x a

= +


+

956/3