CountrySafeguardSystems Country Safeguard Systems RegionalWorkshop

PromotingEffectiveEnvironmental ff l ComplianceandEnforcementinAsia UsingSouthSouthCooperation g p Dr.PeterN.King 18April2012

The i Th views i thi presentation are th views of th author and d not necessarily reflect th in this t ti the i f the th d do t il fl t the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the government they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

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GrowthofAECEN Growth of AECEN

Establishedin2005withassistance fromUSAIDandADBtopromote from USAID and ADB to promote improvecompliancewith environmentallawsinAsia Memberagenciesfrom16countries: Cambodia,China,India,Indonesia, Japan,Korea,Laos,Malaysia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives,Nepal,Pakistan, Philippines,Singapore,SriLanka, ThailandandVietnam Thailand and Vietnam Recognizedasaninnovativeplatform forfacilitatingpositivechange gp g throughmembercooperation

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StrengthsofAECEN Strengths of AECEN

1. Memberdrivengovernance arrangements 2. Effectivemodelforsouthsouth cooperationviamembertomember twinningpartnerships 3. Twinningpartnershipscanbridgeto largerdevelopmentinitiativesfunded larger development initiatives funded byMDBs(e.g.,ADB,WorldBank). p p pp g 4. Importantplatformforsupporting globalmessagingonenforcementto enablebetterimplementationof MultilateralEnvironmentAgreements. Multilateral Environment Agreements

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AECENTwinning(SouthSouth)Partnerships AECEN T i i (S h S h) P hi
Approach:focusedtechnical exchangebetweentwomember agenciesperclearworkplanswith milestonesandtangibledeliverables milestones and tangible deliverables Resourcepartners:Australia,China, Japan,Korea,Malaysia,NewZealand, SingaporeandUnitedStates d d Results:Improvedlaws,policies, practicesandcapacityontheground practices and capacity on the ground Timeframe:918months Costs:$50,000inprograminputsplus secretariatsupport

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BridgingtoBroaderMDBCapacityInitiatives B id i B d MDB C i I ii i
WestBengalPollutionControlBoardhasestablishedinnovative complianceassistancecentersinprioritysectorswithAECEN li i i i i i h AECEN facilitatedassistancefromthePhilippinesandThailand. World Bank Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution WorldBankCapacityBuildingforIndustrialPollution ManagementProject(CBIPMP) $75millionprojectthatbuilds onAECENresultstoreplicatecentersinotherstates. TwinningbetweenMalaysiaand b l d NepalonEIAbridgestoWorld BankStrategicEnvironmentaland g SocialAssessment(SESA)project CollaborationwithADBonEIA capacitybuildingsupportADBs it b ildi t ADB countrysafeguardsinitiative.

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MemberDrivenApproach M b Di A h
(i) Identifymemberpriorities; (ii) Conductrapidassessmentto definecapabilitiesandneeds; (iii) Organizeregionalworkshopsto validateassessmentfindingsand identifytwinningopportunities; identify twinning opportunities; (iv) Establishtwinningpartnerships toreplicateinnovation;and (v) Furtherreplicateresultsvia disseminateorreplicationtools.

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MemberPriorityFocusAreas
Selfmonitoringandselfreporting Permitting,monitoringandinspection Compliancepromotion MEAenforcement MEA f t Landcontaminationmanagement Publicparticipation ub c pa t c pat o Environmentaladjudication Environmentalimpactassessment Economicinstruments Enforcementresponse

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TwinningPartnerships Twinning Partnerships

2010Partnerships
Japan China:Energyefficiency Japan China: Energy efficiency Japan Thailand:Soilcontaminationmanagement Malaysia Nepal:EIAforhydropower Australia Vietnam:Selfmonitoringandreporting Australia Thailand:Environmentaladjudication Korea Vietnam:Soilcontaminationmanagement NewZealand Thailand:Waterpollution&publicparticipation New Zealand Thailand: Water pollution & public participation UnitedStates India:Enforcementcapacity UnitedStates China:Permitting Philippines Indonesia:Environmentaladjudication

2011Partnerships

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2012 Partnerships
China Sri Lanka: Improved EIA and SEA implementation China Lao PDR: Improved EIA legislation ADB EIA Compendium and Clearinghouse

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Replication i T i i R li ti via Twinning: Compliance Assistance Centers C li A i t C t

2007:Thailandreplicatesenvironmentalcomplianceassistancecenters (ECAC)forpigfarmsthroughexchangewithU.S.EPA. (ECAC) f i f h h h i h U S EPA 2007:PhilippinesreplicatesECACsfromU.S.EPAforpigfarmsand slaughterhouses. 2008 2010:ThailandexpandsECACtonewgeographicareasandnew sectors. 2009: West Bengal replicates ECAC for sponge iron sector through 2009:WestBengalreplicatesECACforspongeironsectorthrough cooperationwithThailand,PhilippinesandU.S. 2010 2011:WestBengalexpandsECACtochemicalssectorswith WorldBankfinancing. ld kf 2011:AndhraPradeshcooperateswithWestBengaltoexplore establishingnewECACsunderWorldBankproject. 2011:AECENmembersestablishTaskForcetodevelopECACtoolkit andcooperatewithHongKongComplianceAssistanceCenter.

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ReplicationbeyondTwinning Replication beyond Twinning

Twinningisnotsufficientnorfast enoughtofullyaddresscapacity enough to fully address capacity andresourcegapsinAsia. Somememberneedsremain unfulfilledduetoresource constraintsofthenetwork. Members and partners are Membersandpartnersare constantlyworkingtodevisenew waystoreplicatesuccessesand bringresultstoscale. bi lt t l Approachesandtoolsinclude: g ; g toolkitsandguidelines;training andnetworking;taskforces; knowledgemanagement.

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SummaryofOverallResults 2006 Summary of Overall Results 2006 2011

50+ improved policies, laws, regulations or plans on environmental compliance and enforcement Over 3,000 practitioners trained from over 50 organizations on environmental compliance and i ti i t l li d enforcement 343 institutions at national and sub national levels with sub-national strengthened capacity Over $1 4 million in leveraged funds from members $1.4 and country partners In kind In-kind contributions of at least $2 million from mentors and member countries

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IllustrativeOutcomes Illustrative Outcomes

Strengthened an environmental hotline in China Catalyzed development of new permitting and monitoring policies and practices in Indonesia Established compliance p assistance centers in Thailand, Philippines and India Established new policies and procedures for industrial selfmonitoring and reporting in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

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IllustrativeOutcomes Illustrative Outcomes

Created new systems and procedures for improved EIA practices for hydropower in Nepal. Established new soil contamination management frameworks and systems in Thailand and Vietnam. H l d establish and operationalize Helped bli h d i li specialized environmental courts and benches in Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia. Supported better implementation of energy efficiency law in China by comparing with Japan.

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Takehomemessage: Take home message:

AECENisawellestablishednetworkofAsiasenvironmental agenciesandhasbuiltupconfidenceandtrustoverthepast7years; Improvedenvironmentalgovernanceperformanceremainsa challengingtaskinallcountries,butsomecountrieshaveperformed challenging task in all countries but some countries have performed betterthanothersinsomeareas; Membersandothercountrypartnersarepreparedtoworktogether onaSouthtoSouthorpeertopeerbasisandthisisthemostcost h h b d h h effectivewayofstrengtheningnationalcapacity; p Withoutadditionalresources,however,thiscooperationwillmove tooslowlytomeettheurgentandoutstandingneeds;and Bridgingtomultilateraldevelopmentbankprojectscapacity strengtheningneedsandcontributingtocountrysafeguardssystems strengthening needs and contributing to country safeguards systems isanimportantwaytoreplicatethisapproach.