HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

2 Molecules of Life
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2.1 What are organisms made of?

Multiple choice 1. 2. 3. C C C (1 mark each) (Total: 3 marks) 2.2 Water

Question 1. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) cooling agent reactant / hydrolysing agent supporting agent solvent medium of transport (1 mark each) (Total: 5 marks) 2.3 Minerals

Multiple choice 1. 2. B C (1 mark each) (Total: 2 marks) 2.4 A. 1. Carbohydrates Fill in the blanks (a) (b) (c) 2. (d) carbon hydrogen oxygen glucose

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

3. 4. 5.

(e) (f) (g) (h)

starch glycogen cellulose condensation (1 mark each) (Total: 8 marks)

B. 1. 2.

Multiple choice D C (1 mark each) (Total: 2 marks)

2.5 Lipids Multiple choice 1. 2. A A (1 mark each) (Total: 2 marks) 2.6 Proteins Fill in the blanks 1. 2. 3. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) amino acids nitrogen dipeptide Albustix yellow green (1 mark each) (Total: 6 marks) 2.7 Nucleic Acids True or false 1. 2. 3. 4. T F F T (1 mark each) (Total: 4 marks)

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

Revision exercise
A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Multiple choice A B D D C C C C (1 mark each) (Total: 8 marks) B. 1. Short questions (a) (b) (c) glucose cellulose starch and glycogen (1 mark) (1 mark) (2 marks) (Total: 4 marks) 2. (a)

(2 marks) (b) peptide bond chain. The side chain varies with each type of amino acid. (1 mark) (2 marks) (Total: 5 marks) C. 1. Structured questions (a) (b) water and protein minerals (2 marks) (1 mark) (c) They all have a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group and a specific side

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

(c)

Eggs are rich in proteins. A pregnant woman can benefit from eating eggs because proteins can help the synthesis of new cells and help the growth of the embryo. An athlete can benefit from eating eggs because proteins help build up body muscles and are important for repair of tissues. (3 marks) (1 mark) (2 marks) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (2 marks) (1 mark) (Total: 8 marks)

(d) (e) 2. (a)

for making hormones Use Albustix paper. It turns from yellow to green when proteins are present. During exercise, the body temperature increases. water can lower the body temperature. proper movement of the body. Also, it can bring away wastes.

In order to prevent damage caused by excess heat, sweating occurs as evaporation of Water in blood can also help transport nutrients and oxygen to the muscle cells for

(b) (c) (d)

minerals It can provide energy for muscle contraction. To prevent muscle cramps.

D. 1.

Essays Knowledge on the structure of proteins: The basic unit is amino acid. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids occurring in the proteins. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group and a specific side chain (R group). Two amino acids are joined by condensation to form a dipeptide. Through a series of condensation reactions, many amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain. Usually a protein is made up of many polypeptide chains. The polypeptide chain coils into a helix which may fold into a complex structure. (max. 3 marks) Proteins are found in almost all parts of the human body. As the components of cell membrane and cytoplasm Formation of enzymes, antibodies and hormones Can be used as a fuel when there is a shortage of carbohydrates and fats (max. 3 marks) (Total: 8 marks) (max. 6 marks)

Knowledge on the functions of proteins:

Communication

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

2.

Knowledge on the importance of water: As a solvent: Main component of cells and body fluid Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place

(max. 7 marks)

As a medium for transport The human blood plasma consists of about 90% water. It carries nutrients, dissolved gases, wastes and hormones in blood vessels around the body. As a reactant: For photosynthesis in plants For hydrolysis during enzymatic reaction, especially during digestion During sweating, water in sweat evaporates and takes away heat. This helps cool down the body temperature. Transpiration in land plants prevents the plants from overheating. The high specific heat capacity of water enables an organism to maintain a constant body temperature. As a supporting agent: Provides a means of support in young seedling and in some invertebrates such as earthworms. Communication (max. 3 marks) (Total : 10 marks) As a temperature regulator:

As a cooling agent:

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

Suggested Answers to Public Examination Questions

A. 1. 2. 3. 4. Multiple choice B A C C (1 mark each) (Total: 4 marks) B. 1. Short questions

purine

pyrimidine

pyrimidine

purine (Total: 3 marks)

2.

(a) (b)

carbohydrates / sugars / polysaccharides vitamins (i) (ii) those that must be ingested those that cannot be synthesised (by the human body) to make protein / polypeptide / named protein to make other / non-essential amino acids

(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark) (Total: 5 marks)

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

C. 1.

Essays Similar functions: (1) acting as respiratory substrates to release energy through respiration lipid is suitable because triglyceride / fatty acid in lipid can be broken down and enter Krebs cycle to yield ATP lipids have high H:O ratio therefore easily oxidised. protein is suitable because protein can be hydrolysed into amino acid and amino acid can be broken down to carbon skeleton and enter the Krebs cycle to yield ATP. (2) acting as structural components phospholipids and proteins are components of plasma membrane and cytoplasm of (max. 8 marks)

cells (3) as hormones (4) lipid hormones like steroid hormones and protein hormones like insulin regulate and coordinate body activities. for protection adipose tissue acts as shock absorber protecting internal organs from mechanical injuries or lipids form waterproof cuticle on the epidermis of plants and oil on the skin of mammals preventing dehydration or protein like keratin in nails hardens the nails for defence (5) as energy reserve and storage compounds (6) lipid stored as fat in animals and oil in plants and proteins in body can be converted into respiratory substrates in extreme starvation contribute to differential permeability of cell membrane phospholipids bilayer of membranes facilitates transport of lipid soluble substances protein is suitable because channel proteins selectively enhances only certain molecules and ions to pass through the membrane Different functions:(max. 7 marks) (1) functions performed by proteins but not lipids (2) enzymes catalyses metabolic reactions or haemoglobin transports oxygen or antibodies for body defence or carrier proteins and channel proteins help transport materials or protein is suitable for the above function because they have specific 3-D conformation functions performed by lipids but not proteins subcutaneous fat serves as an insulator to reduce heat loss
7

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HKDSE Biology a modern approach 1 Answers to Coursebook Exercises

fat serves as a shock absorber protecting important organs against mechanical injuries lipid helps to transport lipid soluble substances like vitamins A, D, E and K myelin sheath around nerve fibres help speeding up nerve impulses transmission (max. 5 marks) (Total: 20 marks)

Communication

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