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occupancy. Thus, RevPAR for the Trends sample grew 6.0 percent in 2007. Costs Somewhat Controlled Tighter control of costs in response to diminished revenue growth, combined with fewer occupied rooms, resulted in a slowdown in the pace of operating expense growth in 2007. During the year, the combined costs associated with all operated departments, undistributed departments, and fixed charges grew 4.8 percent. While this level of expense growth was above the pace of inflation, it is less than the 6.3 percent annual average recorded from 2004 through 2006. Labor costs accounted for three-quarters of the expense growth at the average property in our Trends sample. From 2006 to 2007, total labor costs grew 7.8 percent, the largest increase since 1984. As a result, labor costs represented 46.8 percent of total operating expenses in 2007, compared to 45.5 percent in 2006. It should be noted that USALI changes to the classification of contract labor costs did impact the increase in total labor costs. As a group, Total Departmental Expenses (rooms, F&B, minor operated) increased 3.6 percent in 2007, compared to a rise in Undistributed Operating Expenses of 6.2 percent. This shows managements ability to control the variable expenses associated with operating the Rooms, Food and Beverage, and Minor Operated departments. Conversely, it takes more effort to cap the fixed overhead costs found in the A&G, Marketing, Maintenance, and Utility departments. Looking at the Fixed Charges, the combined cost of property taxes and insurance increased 5.7 percent in 2007. Trends Follows Industry Trends The 2008 edition of Trends in the Hotel Industry marks the 72 consecutive year of this almanac of U.S. unit-level hotel operating performance. The data is based on a sample of 6,000 year-end financial statements from properties all across the nation. PKF-HR continually strives to present the most relevant data in the most useable format. Therefore, the look and content of our report has evolved over the years. In our 2008 Trends report, readers will notice some additional content, as well alterations to our presentation. The changes were based on feedback from our clients, as well as revisions made to revenue and expense classifications found in the 10 edition of Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI). In the 2008 Trends report, readers will now find certain measures presented on a dollarper-occupied-room basis. In addition, the report contains a separate section for Suite Hotels without Food and Beverage operations. For clients who order custom Benchmarker reports, F&B sales are broken down by source of revenue, and further expense detail is provided for such expenditures as e-commerce and information systems. As the lodging industry evolves, PKF Hospitality Research will
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