Norsk Stldag 2008 Oslo 29 October 2008

Danish Engnieers behind the World's largest Cable Stayed Bridges: Sutong and Stonecutters Bridge
Tina VEJRUM Senior Project Manager, Bridges - COWI A/S

November 2008

Cable Stayed Bridges

Span Sutong Stonecutters Tatara Pont de Normandie 2nd Incheon Chongming MinPu 3rd Nanjing 2nd Nanjing Jintang Baishazhou Qingzhou Yangpu
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Year 2008 2009 1999 1995 2009 2008

Location China Hong Kong, China Japan France South Korea China China

1088 m 1018 m 890 m 856 m 800 m 730 m 708 m 648 m 628 m 620 m 618 m 605 m 602 m

2005 2001 2008 2000 2003 1993

China China China China China China

November 2008

The Sutong bridge is - at present - the world's largest cable-stayed bridge

November 2008

Sutong Bridge, 2008

Total Bridge length 8146m

Main Bridge (Cable Stayed Bridge) 100 + 100 + 300 + 1088 + 300 + 100 + 100m spans

Special Fairway Bridge (Rigid Frame balanced cantilever bridge) 140+ 268 +140m spans

Approach Bridge Spans 30m, 50m or 75 m concrete girders

November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Involved Parties

Client: Jiangsu Province Sutong Bridge Construction Commanding Department Designer: HPDI Various sub-consultants incl. TongJi University Chinese Design Checker: BRDI International Consultant and Design Checker: COWI A/S

November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Key Issues

Significant Ship traffic High Design Wind (typhoon area) Strong Currents Poor Soil Conditions 306 m High Concrete Pylons Record Main Span

November 2008

Sutong Bridge Ship traffic on the Yangtze River

2000 ships crosses the bridge alignment every day

November 2008

Sutong Bridge Main Bridge - Elevation

Concrete Pylons Closed Steel Box Girder Parallel wire cable stays
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November 2008

Sutong Bridge Pylons

November 2008

Sutong Bridge Main Bridge Cross Section

Typical steel weight = 24 t/m Maximum weight of a segment = 450t

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge Aerodynamic Investigations

Numerical Studies, incl DVMFlow Section Model - Tongji Large Scale Section Model (High Re) Tongji /Force Technology Free standing Pylon - Tongji Cable Stay drag coefficient Tongji/CARDC Rain-wind induced vibrations of cable stays Tongji/CARDC Full Bridge Model - Tongji

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge Pylon Foundations

Pile group dimension: 48 x 114 m 131nos 2.8m 120m long in-situ cast bored piles Capacity of each pile 100 MN (with full scour) Max UR= 0.88 (Safety factor = 2.0)
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November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Construction August 2006

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Main Span Construction

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November 2008

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Main Span Closure, June 2007

Sutong Bridge - Finishing Works

Surfacing Stay Cable Dampers

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Load Test

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November 2008

Sutong Bridge - Opened for Traffic 2008

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge, Hong Kong S.A.R.

NEW TERRITORIES

SHA TIN

KOWLOON AIRPORT

HONG KONG ISLAND

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Location

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November 2008

STONECUTTERS BRIDGE
Design Competition January 2000

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Involved Parties

Client: Highways Department, Hong Kong S.A.R. Designer: Ove Arup & Partners, Ltd. COWI A/S Contractor: MHYH JV (Maeda - Hitachi - Yokogawa - Hsin Chong Joint Venture)

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Key Issues - in Relation to Bridge Site

Prominent Location Typhoon Winds Spanning the Entrance to Kwai Chung Container Port Record Main Span

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Typhoons

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - the Container Terminals

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November 2008

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November 2008

Winning Design
- upper part of tower in steel

- two cable planes in a curvilinear array - central circular tower

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November 2008

- twin deck with curved soffit

Design Competition Winner (September 2000)

Design Competition
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Reference Scheme

Design & Construction Consultancy

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Key Issues - in Relation to Reference Scheme

Articulation Tower Design Deck Design Aerodynamic Response Navigation during Construction

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Supports at Tower

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November 2008

Wind Tunnel Test Results - Peak Responses

Condition In-service, smooth flow RS Tower In-service, turbulent flow Free, smooth flow Free, turbulent flow In-service, smooth flow All-concrete Tower In-service, turbulent flow Free, smooth flow Free, turbulent flow

Deflection (Max) 0.46 m 0.45 m 0.32 m 0.43 m 0.07 m 0.05 m 0.16 m 0.09 m

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Tower Options

1 0.9 0.8

Tower response, DMI WT tests + deskstudy

0.7 Peak tower amplitude [m] 0.6

All Steel

0.5 0.4 0.3

Comp 1

0.2 0.1

Comp 2

0 0 10 20 30 40 Scruton no., Sc 50 60 70 80

DMI wind tunnel test results, turbulent flow DMI test results, October 2001, turbulent flow GVPO fit to DMI test results, 1. procedure, Desk study report GVPO fit to DMI test results, 2. procedure, Desk study report DMI Test results, October 2001, Smooth flow
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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Tower/Cable Interaction

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Linear Resonance/Parametric Excitation

10 Displacement of Stay 20 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 Time [sec] -10 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 Displacement of tower top

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November 2008

Displacement [m]

Stonecutters Bridge Composite Upper Tower

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Deck Section

Reference Scheme deck section

Modified deck section

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Wind Studies

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V i 20 Vm

Typhoon York, North Wind

0 0 600 1200 1800 t i 2400 3000 3600

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Wind Tunnel Testing

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge ULS Bending Moment Envelopes, Live Load

150 ULS Bending Moment Envelopes (MNm)

Hogging moment

100 50 0 -600 -400 -200 -50 -100

Sagging moment

200

400

600

Highway Loading -150 Distance from centre of bridge (m) Mean Wind Mean Wind & Buffeting

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cables, Effect of Type

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Navigation Simulations

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - General Arrangement

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Cross Section, General Arrangement

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November 2008

Deck Fabrication in Shanhaiguan

Stay Cable Manufacture in Jiangyin

Deck Assembly in Shatian

Steel Supply from Japan (and elsewhere)

Tower Steelwork Fabrication in Zhongshan Stainless Steel Supply from Sweden

Site Erection in Hong Kong

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Towers - Stainless Steel Reinforcement

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Construction - Lower Tower

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Fabrication

Stainless Steel 1.4462 (Duplex)

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Fabrication - Trial Assembly

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Tower Steelwork Installation

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Deck Panel Fabrication, Shanhaiguan

Structural Steel S420M/ML

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Trial Mock-up, Shanhaiguan

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Deck Assembly, Shatian

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Completed Deck Segment, Shatian

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Heavy Lift of Back Span Steel Deck: 2 x 2000t

2m

2m

78.5 mPD 2m

78.5 mPD

4m

4m

+50.0 mPD +50.0 mPD

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Lifting of Main Span Deck Segment, Hong Kong

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November 2008

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Main Span Construction, Sept. 2008

Maximum Weight:

570t

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Manufacture, Jiangyin

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Testing, CTL (USA)

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Stay Cable Delivery, Hong Kong

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Stay Cable Installation

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November 2008

Lateral Bearings Testing, FIP (Italy)

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Lateral Bearings, Installation

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November 2008

Hydraulic Buffers - Testing, FIP (Italy)

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge Hydraulic Buffers - Installation

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November 2008

Stonecutters Bridge - Predicted Main Span Closure: Beginning of 2009

Key Figures Structural Steel: Deck Segments Anchor Boxes SS Skins 33,500t 1,000t 1,600t Stay Cables: Weight Longest Stay Cable, Length Longest Stay Cable, Weight 7,200t 540m 75t

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November 2008