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Reasons for the Need of Optimization Performance Data Measurements Drive Tests Optimization Strategies Optimization of Physical Parameters Optimization of Database Parameters Example Drive Tests Example Drive Tests: Exercises
Installation errors (for example a wrong cabling: transmitting into cell A, but receiving from
cell B) Hardware / software trouble
Drive Tests
Drive tests are performed by the network operator for various reasons: To check the coverage in a certain area To check the quality of service in a certain area To find the answer for customer complaints To realise that the network is not properly running To verify that the network is properly running To verify that certain optimisation steps have been successful
Drive tests must be well prepared. Before, during and after the drive test the following steps should be performed:
Drive Tests
Before drive test Plan the route where to drive Plan the time when to drive Determine the MS mode (idle mode/ connected mode) and also the call strategy (long / short calls) Decide which values to focus on (for example: RXQUAL, RXLEV,SQI, ...) Select an appropriate test equipment and check the test equipment
Make back-up files of the captured data Replay the captured data and analyse them Find out problem areas and problem events Use further post-processing tools to display the captured data more clearly and to graphically display further values ________________ Perform statistics and summarise the results_________________________
Optimization Strategies
to reduce interference
Change of antenna type to achieve desired ration characteristics
Depending on the real measured traffic load either TRXs can be removed (switched off or
blocked) or must be added. Not really needed TRXs may interfere other cells.
The number of needed TRXs and also the configuration of the different channels depend on the
offered traffic, and the subscriber behaviour.
Capacity enhancements, but only if together with the sectorisation also the number of TRXs is
increased (compare Erlang-B loss formula) Depending on how the splitting is performed: it may be a more or less expensive and difficult (time consuming) solution coverage weakness between the main lobes may appear the capacity will be reduced if the total number of TRXs remains constant
Optimum frequency diversity due to averaging of Rayleigh fading => rural, coverage limited areas
Co-channel interference averaging Collision probability: 1/number of hopping frequencies => interference limited areas (hot spots)
POW_RED_STEP_SIZE = 2 dB POW_INCR_STEP_SIZE = 4 dB
The HO_MARGIN setting should be a compromise between ideal power budget handover (which
requires a small HO_MARGIN value) and a setting to reduce the risk of ping-pong handovers (which requires a greater HO_MARGIN value). A small handover zone increases the risk of ping-pong handovers. Usually HO_MARGIN is set symmetrically. Asymmetrical HO_MARGIN can be used to influence the size of the handover area and/or to move the handover area, i.e. to move the cell boundaries. Adjusting HO_MARGIN values can therefore also be used to adapt the cell area to the traffic load or to avoid local interference. RXLEV_MIN(n) should be set to such a value that RXLEV_DL_NCELL(n) > RXLEV_MIN(n) in those areas where PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(n) to really allow the power budget handover as soon as the power budget condition is fulfilled.
In general:
Many measurements should be averaged in case that reliable decisions are necessary (better
statistics). Only a few measurements should be averaged in case that fast decisions are necessary. For level / quality triggered handover / power control decisions: To allow the system to 'power up before handover' usually the averaging process for the handover decisions should include more measurements than for power control decisions. Usually for level triggered handover decisions more measurement values should be averaged than for quality triggered handover decisions since quality handovers must be executed quickly if sudden interference appears.