SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (An Autonomous Institute affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum and Accredited by National Board

of Accreditation, New Delhi)

2011 2012 Report

ON

I2C IMPLEMENTATION USING ARM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Work carried out at

Tumkur
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering in Branch of INSTRUMENTATION & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum By ABHITESH KR SINGH SUMIT KR TIWARY VINAMRA VISHAL 1SI08IT001 1SI08IT054 1SI08IT059

Under the guidance of Asst. Prof. Chaitra C (BE)

DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With respectful pranams to his holiness Dr. SreeSreeShivakumaraswamigalu, President SreeSiddaganga Education Society, SreeSiddagangaMutth, we express our gratitude at his feet for being a constant source of inspiration in the course of study. A successful project is a fruitful culmination of efforts by many people, some directly involved and some others who quietly encourage and extend their support from the background. With gratitude we acknowledge our debtness to our beloved director Dr. M.N. Channabasappa and Principal Dr. Shivakumaraiah for fostering an excellent academic environment in this institution and also providing excellent lab facilities, which made our endeavor possible. Dr. V. Siddeshwara Prasad, Head of the department, Instrumentation Technology, has always been an able guide and a remarkable source of inspiration whose unflagging zeal has catalyzed us to strive for greater heights during the span of course in this institution. We are fortunate to have Mrs Chaitra C, Asst.Professor as our guide. We would like to heartily thank him for her constant guidance and encouragement throughout the project.

Abhitesh Kumar Singh Vinamra Vishal Sumit Kumar Tiwary

CONTENTS
Chapter-1
1.1 Introduction

Chapter -2
2.1 Block diagram 2.2 Description of the block diagram

Chapter-3
3.1 Hardware 3.1.1 Hardware 3.1.2 Software

Chapter-4
4.1 Block Diagram description 4.1.1 ARM Microcontroller 4.1.2 PIC Microcontroller 4.1.3 ZigBee

Chapter-5
5.1 Advantages 5.2 Disadvantages 5.3 Applications

Chapter 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION: Automatic meter reading is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic, and status data from water meter or energy metering devices (gas, electric) and transferring that data to a central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. This technology mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical location to read a meter. Another advantage is that billing can be based on near real-time consumption rather than on estimates based on past or predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis can help both utility providers and customers better control the use and production of electric energy, gas usage, or water consumption. This technologies include handheld, mobile and network technologies based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or powerline transmission.

Chapter 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Remote Station

2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE BLOCK DIAGRAM

Remote Station
The proximity sensor is connected to the external interrupt of the PIC micro controller at the remote section. Each time when the metal comes in contact with the proximity sensor one electrical unit is generated. This value is stored in EEPROM of the PIC micro controller , hence the number of electrical units is retained even if there is no power supply.

Base Station
A switch is connected to the ARM processor , if the switch is on (i.e 1), then the user can enter the ID through keypad connected to LPC 2148 controller. If the valid ID is entered then the number of electrical units , wheel rotation , etc is transmitted from remote station to the base station through Zigbee and store it in the external memory. The received unit is displayed on LCD. If the switch is zero then the received unit from remote station is displayed on hyper terminal of PC.

Chapter 3
3.1 Hardware : RPM Motor Reader sensor : We are using the proximity sensor with the inductive type and this is a non contact sensor. Which means this can read the rpm of the motor without coming in physical contact with the motor. For every rpm the sensor sense the data and then it will send a pulse to the micro controller which is connected to one of the ports. The s/w in the micro controller will read the pulse and will get to know about the rpm and does the necessary steps after it. ARM: It control and coordinate the Base station. PIC Microcontroller: At regular time interval it takes meter reading and send it to Base station via ZigBee . ZigBee : It is used for wireless communication (b/w Remote station and Base station). RTC : It initiate PIC microcontroller periodically(30 days) to read meter reading and send it to the Base station. LCD : It display the received data after entering meter id through keyboard. RPM motor reader sensor : It reads the meter reading. 3.2Software: MPLAB EmbeddedC HyperTerminal KEIL Windows 2000 or above

Chapter 4
4.1.1 ARM Microcontroller(LPC 2148):The LPC2141/2/4/6/8 microcontrollers are based on a 32/16 bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with realtime emulation and embedded trace support, that combines the microcontroller withembedded high speed flash memory ranging from 32KB to 512 KB. A 128-bit widememory interface and a unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution atthe maximum clock rate. For critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal performance penalty. FEATURE: 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package. 8 to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 to 512 kB of on-chip flash program memory. 128 bit wide interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. In-System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot-loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1 ms. EmbeddedICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the on-chip RealMonitor software and high speed tracing of instruction execution. USB 2.0 Full Speed compliant Device Controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM. In addition, the LPC2146/8 provide 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA. One or two (LPC2141/2 vs. LPC2144/6/8) 10-bit A/D converters provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with conversion times as low as 2.44 s per channel. Single 10-bit D/A converter provides variable analog output. Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.

Low power real-time clock with independent power and dedicated 32 kHz clock input. Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s), SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.

Vectored interrupt controller with configurable priorities and vector addresses. Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package. Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available.

4.1.2 PIC Microcontroller

High-performance RISC CPU Interrupt capability Upto 8Kx14 words of FLASH Program Memory Upto 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) Upto 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM data memory Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input DC - 200 ns instruction cycle Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during sleep via external Crystal 1/clock. Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address Detection.

4.1.3 ZigBee :ZigBee is a wireless network protocol specifically designed for low data rate sensors and control networks. There are a number of applications that can benefit from the ZigBee protocol: building automation networks, home security systems, industrial control networks, remote metering and PC peripherals are some of the many possible applications. Compared to other wireless protocols, the ZigBee wireless protocol offers low complexity, reduced resource requirements and most importantly, a standard set of specifications. It also offers three frequency bands of operation along with a number of network configurations and optional security capability. If you are currently exploring alternatives to your existing control network technologies, such as RS-422, RS-485 or proprietary wireless protocol, the ZigBee protocol could be the solution you need. This application note is specifically designed to assist you in adopting the ZigBee protocol for your application .. .

FEATURES
The Microchip Stack offers the following features: Based on version 1.0 of the ZigBee protocol specifications Support for 2.4 GHz frequency band Support for all ZigBee protocol device types(Coordinators, Routers and End devices) Implements nonvolatile storage for neighbor and binding tables Portable across many of the PIC18 family of microcontrollers RTOS and application independent

Chapter 5
5.1 Advantages: * * * * * Can read from the remote place Accurate meter reading, no more estimates Consumes less energy and is more efficient. Increases the overall efficiency of the system. Works at high speeds.

5.2 Disadvantage: * Meter readers losing their jobs

* Loss of privacy - details of use reveal information about user activities. 5.3 Applications: * * * * * Used in Homes Used in power stations Used in Industries Used in Automated meter reading systems Used in the R & D industries.