% MATLAB PROGRAM < Ex10.2.m> % Ths Matlab exercise < Ex10.2.

m> generate % on/off basebannd signals using root-raised cosine % pulshape (rolloff factor = 0.5) and orthognal baseband % signal before estimating the bit error rate (BER) at different Eb/N % ratio for display and comparison clear;clf; L=1000000; %Total data symbols in experiment is 1 million % To display the puleshape,we oversample the signal by a factor of % f_ovsamp=8 f_ovsamp=16; % oversampling factor vs data rate delay_rc=3; % Generating root-raised cosine pulseshape(rolloff factor = 0.5) prcos=rcosflt([1],1,f_ovsamp,'sqrt',0.5,delay_rc); prcos=prcos(1:end-f_ovsamp+1); prcos=prcos/norm(prcos); pcmatch=prcos(end:-1:1); % Generating a rectangular pulse shape psinh=sin([0:f_ovsamp-1]*pi/f_ovsamp); psinh=psinh/norm(psinh); phmatch=psinh(end:-1:1); %Generating a half-sine pulse shape psine=sin([0:f_ovsamp-1]*2*pi/f_ovsamp); psine=psine/norm(psine); psmatch=psine(end:-1:1); % Generating random signal data for polar signaling s_data=round(rand(L,1)); % upsample to match the "fictitious oversampling rate' % which is f_ovsamp/T ( T=1 is the symbol duration) s_up=upsample(s_data,f_ovsamp); s_cp=upsample(1-s_data,f_ovsamp); % Identify the decision due to pulse shaping and matched filter delayrc=2*delay_rc*f_ovsamp; delayrt=f_ovsamp-1; % Genarate polar signaling of different pulse shaping xrcos=conv(s_up,prcos); xorth=conv(s_up,psinh)+ conv(s_cp,psine); t=(1:200)/f_ovsamp; figure (1) subplot(221) figwave1=plot(t,xrcos(delayrc/2:delayrc/2+199)); title('(a) On/off root-raised cosine pulse.'); set(figwave1,'Linewidth',2); subplot(212) figwave2=plot(t,xorth(delayrt:delayrt+199)); title('(b) Orthogonal modulation.') set(figwave2,'Linewidth',2); % Find the signal length Lrcos=length(xrcos);Lrect=length(xorth); BER=[]; noiseq=randn(Lrcos,1); % Generating the channel noise (AWGN) for i=1:12; Eb2N(i)=i; % (Eb/N in dB)

Eb2N_num=10^(Eb2N(i)/10); % Eb/N in numeral Var_n=1/(2*Eb2N_num) %1/SNR is the noise variance signois=sqrt(Var_n); % standard deviation awgnois=signois*noiseq; %AWGN % Add noise to signals at the channel output yrcos=xrcos+awgnois/sqrt(2); yorth=xorth+awgnois(1:Lrect); % Apply matched filters first z1=conv(yrcos,pcmatch);clear awgnois,yrcos; z2=conv(yorth,phmatch); z3=conv(yorth,psmatch);clear yorth; % Sampling the received signal and acquire samples z1=z1(delayrc+1:f_ovsamp:end); z2=z2(delayrt+1:f_ovsamp:end-f_ovsamp+1); z3=z3(delayrt+1:f_ovsamp:end-f_ovsamp+1); %Decision based on thesign of the samples dec1=round((sign(z1(1:L)-0.5)+1)*.5);dec2=round((sign(z2-z3)+1)*.5); % Now compare against the original data to compute BER for the three % pulses BER=[BER;sum(abs(s_data-dec1))/L sum(abs(s_data-dec2))/L]; Q(i)=0.5*erfc(sqrt(Eb2N_num/2)); %Compute the Analytical BER end figure(2) subplot(111) figber=semilogy(Eb2N,Q,'k-',Eb2N,BER(:,1),'b-*',Eb2N,BER(:,2),'r-o'); fleg=legend('Analytical','Root-raised cosine on/off','Orthogonal signaling'); fx=xlabel('E_b/N (dB)'); fy =ylabel('BER'); set(figber,'Linewidth',2); set(fleg,'FontSize',11); set(fx,'FontSize',11); set(fy,'FontSize',11); % We can plot the individual pulses used for the binary orthogonal % signaling figure(3) subplot(111); pulse=plot((0:f_ovsamp)/f_ovsamp,[psinh 0],'-k',... (0:f_ovsamp)/f_ovsamp,[psine 0],'k-o'); pleg=legend('Half-sine pulse','Sine pulse'); ptitle=title('Binary orthogonal signals');