Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University GRADUTAE SCHOOL Urdaneta City Course Code: CAE 213 Course

Title: Morphology, Syntax and Advance Composition Professor: Dr. Merlita Q. Santos

I.

What is the lecture all about?

II.

What can you gain from the lecture? Objectives: At the end of the three hour lesson, 85% of the students should be able to achieve the following with at least 75% level of success: A. Define documentation and citation; B. Identify the different parts of citations depending on the documentation style used: and C. Write correct documentation and citations of books with different subjects.

III.

What are the contents of the lecture?

STYLES OF DOCUMENTATION Styles of Documentation vary considerably across disciplines, so you will need to find out which style is preferred in the field for which you are writing. Your professor will probably indicate which type of documentation you should use and which style manual you should consult if you have questions. Another way to find out this kind of information, particularly if you do not have an instructor's guidance is to check the form of notes and bibliography entries of articles used in the scholarly journals of your field. Most journals publish a page of guidelines for submitting manuscripts at least once a year that includes this information. The most common styles of documentation currently used in academic writing are those endorsed by the MLA (Modern Language Association), the APA (American Psychological Association) and the CSE (Council of Science Editors, formerly known as CBE - Council of Biology Editors) and those published by the University of Chicago Press (both in the Chicago Manual of Style and in Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations). Each of these organizations publishes its own style manual which explains the basic principles of its documentation style and illustrates note and bibliography entries for a wide variety of sources.

Humanities : MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Fifth Edition, 1999

Social sciences : Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition, 2001 Life sciences : Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors and Publishers, Sixth Edition, 1994 Business and technical communication : The Chicago Manual of Style, Fourteenth Edition, 1993 Engineering : Information for IEEE Transactions, Journals and Leuers Authors, available online at www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ transactions/information.htm (click on "Information for Authors") Chemistry Physics : The : The AlP ACS Style Style Guide, 1990 1997(American (American Chemical Institute of Society) Physics)

Manual,

Medical fields : American Medical Association Manual of Style, Ninth Edition, 1998 Journalism : AP Stylebook, 2000 (Associated Press)

Geology : Suggestions to Authors of the Reports of the United States Geological Survey, Seventh Edition, 1991 Law : The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Seventeenth Edition, 2000 ANATOMY OF AN APA CITATION

IN GENERAL American Psychological Association (APA) Style is commonly used for academic writing in the social sciences, health and human services disciplines. These guidelines are based on the 6th edition of the handbook, 2009. Most citations include 4 key elements: (1) author's name, (2) publication date, (3) title or source, and (4) publishing information.

Include the last name and first name initials only for authors. Italicize titles, and capitalize only the first word (of the title and subtitle) for article and book titles. Capitalize first letter of each word of a journal title. Follow elements with a period and one space. Double-space within and between each entry in the list of references. When DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) are available, include them for both print and electronic sources. ANATOMY OF A CHICAGO CITATION Below is a citation for a book with an editor. Consult the title page and the back of the title page for citation information. Other types of materials require different elements, such as article title and issue date for periodicals; and URL and date of access for anything accessed on the Web. Follow the examples in this guide to format citations according to the type of information you are citing.

IN GENERAL Chicago Style is used for academic writing in history, and some humanities courses, and requires both endnotes and a bibliography. The examples below are for a bibliography with some examples for endnotes. Most citations include three key elements: (1) authors name, (2) title or source, and (3) publication information. Italicize titles. Follow elements with a period and one space. Additional elements such as number of volumes, edition numbers, or Web address may be required. For the bibliography, the first line of each citation starts at the left margin; indent 5 spaces before the second and any succeeding lines. List each source separately and arrange alphabetically by the author's last name (use the title if there is no author). For endnotes, the first line is indented five spaces. The note number is not raised, and it is followed by a period. Author's names are not inverted, but use the last name only to refer to

an earlier note by the same author. An example of a note is included for one source in each section below. ANATOMY OF A CITATION IN MLA STYLE The example below shows how to cite a book with a single author

Basic Guidelines This guide offers examples you can use to cite your own sources. Use the list to the right to find the type of source you are citing. If you need addtional examples or explanation, consult the MLA Handbook (7th edition) available at your library. Content: Most citations include 4 key elements: (1) author's name (2) Title or source (3) publication information and (4) format of publication. Titles: Italicize titles of larger works, such as books or magazines; use quotation marks for titles within larger works (book chapter, article title, poem). Punctuation & Spacing: Follow elements with a period and one space. Citations are doublespaced throughout with a hanging indent. URLs (web addresses): MLA no longer requires URLs for online resources. Include them only if your reader needs them to find the source. Works Cited List: Order alphabetically by the first element in the citation, usually the author. IN-TEXT CITATION APA and MLA are the most widely used documentation styles for research writing in the social sciences and the humanities. For acknowledging sources within the body of your writing, both styles advocate the use of parenthetical documentation, with an accompanying References (APA) or Works Cited list (MLA). Thus brief citations appear in parentheses in the text immediately after the cited material. These parenthetical citations contain enough information to enable the reader to identify the cited sources from the Works Cited or References list where full bibliographic information is given for all of the sources the writer has consulted in order to write the paper. Thus footnotes or endnotes are used only to give explanatory material that is somehow tangential to the text. The major differences between APA and MLA in-text citation styles involve page numbers (APA often does not use them : MLA always uses them) and publication years (APA always uses them : MLA usually does not). The following examples demonstrate the basic way the same source would be cited in papers using MLA style and APA style:

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION A bibliography is a list of all the sources that helped you formulate the content of your paper, whether or not you have cited them specifically in your text. In In APA format, MLA, this is called Works the References. Cited.

Bibliographical entries for both MLA and APA systems are arranged alphabetically according to the first word of the entry, usually but not necessarily the last name of the author. The following bibliography entries for Kuhn's book illustrate the major difference between the MLA and APA styles:

MLA WORKS CITED Kuhn, Thomas Chicago: U

S. The of

Structure

of Chicago

Scientific P,

Revolutions. 1970.

APA REFERENCES : Kuhn, T. (1970). The Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

structure

of

scientific

revolutions.

Notice that in APA style, only the first letter of a book title is capitalized and the date comes immediately after the author's name. In MLA, the date comes last.

IV.

How will you know what you have gained as expected in the lecture? Comprehensive questions

1. What are the most common styles of documentation currently used in academic writing? 2. What are the basic elements of an APA citation? 3. What are the basic elements of an MLA citation? 4. What are the basic elements of a CHICAGO PRESS citation?

V.

How will you comply with the requirements of the lesson? 1. The most common styles of documentation currently used in academic writing are those endorsed by the MLA (Modern Language Association), the APA (American Psychological Association) and the CSE (Council of Science Editors, formerly known as CBE - Council of Biology Editors) and those published by the University of Chicago Press (both in the Chicago Manual of Style and in Turabian's 2. Most citations include 4 key elements: (1) author's name, (2) publication date, (3) title or source, and (4) publishing information. Include the last name and first name initials only for authors. Italicize titles, and capitalize only the first word (of the title and subtitle) for article and book titles. Capitalize first letter of each word of a journal title. Follow elements with a period and one space. Double-space within and between each entry in the list of references. When DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) are available, include them for both print and electronic sources.

3. Most citations include 4 key elements: (1) author's name (2) Title or source (3) publication information and (4) format of publication.

Titles: Italicize titles of larger works, such as books or magazines; use quotation marks for titles within larger works (book chapter, article title, poem). Punctuation & Spacing: Follow elements with a period and one space. Citations are double-spaced throughout with a hanging indent. URLs (web addresses): MLA no longer requires URLs for online resources. Include them only if your reader needs them to find the source. Works Cited List: Order alphabetically by the first element in the citation, usually the author. 4. Most citations include three key elements: (1) authors name, (2) title or source, and (3) publication information. Italicize titles. Follow elements with a period and one space. Additional elements such as number of volumes, edition numbers, or Web address may be required. For the bibliography, the first line of each citation starts at the left margin; indent 5 spaces before the second and any succeeding lines. List each source separately and arrange alphabetically by the author's last name (use the title if there is no author). For endnotes, the first line is indented five spaces. The note number is not raised, and it is followed by a period. Author's names are not inverted, but use the last name only to refer to an earlier note by the same author. An example of a note is included for one source in each section below.

VI.

References

Becker, Alton. Beyond Translation. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan, 1996. Edwards, Bruce L. The Tagmemic Contribution to Composition Teaching. Manattan, KS: Kansas State University Occasional Papers in Composition Theory and History, No. 2., 1979. Jones, Linda K. A Synopsis of Tagmemics.Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 13. New York: Academic P, 1980: 77-95. Pike, Kenneth L. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior. The Hague: Mouton, 1971. Talk, Thought, and Thing. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1993. Text and Tagmeme. With Evelyn Pike. New York: Ablex, 1983. Tagmemics, Discourse, and Verbal Art. Ed. Richard Bailey. Ann Arbor: Michigan Studies in the Humanities, 1983.

Linguistic Concepts. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1982. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior. 2nd. rev. ed. The Hague: Mouton, 1967. The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1947. "Cultural Relativism in Relation to Constraints on Worldview--An Emic Perspective." Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology. 59 (1988): 385-99. "A Linguistic Contribution to Composition: A Hypothesis." College Composition and Communication. 15 (April 1964): 82-88. "Beyond the Sentence." College Composition and Communication. 15 (October 1964): 129-135. Young, Richard, A. L. Becker, and Kenneth L. Pike. Rhetoric: Discovery and Change.New York: Harcourt, 1970.