1

1.ESTABLISHING THE LOADS THAT STRESS THE ELEMENTS OF THE TELESCOPIC LIFTING JACK

Fig 1.1

2. MAIN SCREW CALCULUS 2.1 Choosing the material

It is choosen OL 37 STAS 300

2.2 Design calculus

Load calculation Qc , Npo

Qc = Qmax = 1.1 16200 = 17820[ N ]

= 1.05..1.1 Qmax = 16200 N

Inner diameter of the thread d 3 , mm

d3 =

4 Qc = ac

4 17820 = 21.30[mm] 50

ac = 60....80[ MPa ]

Choosing the standard thread It is choosen trapezoidal thread Tr 28x5 SR ISO 2904, with the main dimmensions as shown in Fig 2.1 and Table 2.1

Fig 2.1 Nominal Diameter d, mm 28 Pitch p, mm 5 Medium Diameter d 2 = D2 , mm 25.5 Exterior Diameter D4 , mm 28.5 Interior Diameter d 3 , mm 22.5 D1 , mm 23 Tabelul 2.1 Angle

, 30

2.3 Checking the self-locking condition

The threads pitching angle

2 = arctg

P 5 = arctg = 3.57 d2 25.5

0,11 = 6.53 30 cos 2

Apparent friction angle

' = arctg

cos

= arctg

= 0,11...0,12 for steel

Self-locking condition 2 < ' 2 = 3.25 < 6.53= '

2.4 Checking at composed stresses

The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

Fig 2.2

3 d c3 d 0 1 1 34 3 83 Mt = M f = Q 2 = 0,11 16200 2 = 21101 .14[ Nmm] 3 d c d 02 3 34 8 2

= 0,11...0,12 d c = d + ( 2...6)[mm] = 28 + 6 = 34[mm] d 0 = 6...10[mm] = 8[mm]

Effective compression tension

c =

4 Q 4 16200 = = 40.74[ MPa] d 32 22,5 2

16 M t 16 21101 .14 = = 9.43[ MPa ] d 33 22,53

Effective torsion tension t , MPa

t =

Equivalent tension

e = c2 + 4 t2 ac e = 40.74 2 + 4 9.432 = 44.89[ MPa] ac = 50[ MPa]

2.5 Buckling checking
Slendering coefficient

Fig 2.3 l f = k l = k ( H l + m) m = d c + 10 = 44 H l = 162

lf imin

412 = 73.24 5.625

l f = k l = 2 206 = 412 l = H l + m = 162 + 44 = 206 imin

d 34 I 64 = d 3 = 22,5 = 5.625[mm] = min A 4 4 d 32 4

Buckling domain plastic buckling ca c f = 310 1.14 for OL 37 c=

f = 310 1.14 73.24 = 226.51 226.51 c= = 5.56 40.74 The safety coefficient for buckling c a = 3..5

3. SECONDARY SCREW CALCULUS

3.1 Choosing the material

It is choosen OL37 STAS 300 e = 2.15 10 5 MPa

3.2 Calculus of the number of turns of the main screw nut (located inside the secondary screw)
z= 4Q

( d D1 ) p a
2 2

4 16200 = 7.35 (28 2 23 2 ) 11

p a = 7..13MPa Number of turns

Fig 3.1 It is chosen

6 z 10 z=8

Length of the nut

H pl = z P = 8 5 = 40[mm ]

3.3. Choosing the exterior thread

Adopting the preliminary internal diameter of the thread d 3 , mm

Choosing the standardized thread It is chosen trapezoidal standardized thread Tr 55x8 mm SR ISO 2904 with main dimmensions presented in Figure 3.2 and Table 3.1

Fig 3.2 Nominal Diameter d, mm 55 Pitch p, mm 9 Medium Diameter d 2 = D2 , mm 50.5 Exterior Diameter D4 , mm 56 Tabelul 3.1 Interior Diameter d 3 , mm 45 D1 , mm 46

3.4. Checking the self-locking condition

The threads pithcing angle 2 ,degrees

2 = arctg

P 9 = arctg = 3.246 d2 50.5

Apparent friction angle

' = arctg

cos

= 0,12...0,15[ mm] for steel/ cast iron

Self-locking condition

= arctg

0,12 = 7.08 30 cos 2

2 = 3.24 < ' = 7.08

3.5 Checking at composed stresses

The torsion moment that acts on the screw M t , Nmm

M t = M insII = Q

d2 50.5 tg ' + 2 = 16200 tg ( 7.08 + 3,24) = 74484.49[ Nmm] 2 2 Effective compression tension c , MPa
c =
4Q 4 16200 = = 24.71[ MPa] 2 2 d 3 D0 452 34,5 2

Effective torsion tension t , MPa

t =

4 ( d 34 D0 ) 16 d 3

Mt

74484 .49

( 45 4 34 ,5 4 ) 16 41

= 0.00579493 [ MPa ]

Equivalent tension e , MPa

e = c2 + 4 t2 ac ac = 60...80[ MPa] e = 24.712 + 4 0.0057 2 = 24.71[ MPa] ac = 70[ MPa]

FIXED NUT CALCULUS 4.1. Choosing the material

It is chosen Fc 200

4.2. Calculus of the number of turns

Number of turns, z

Fig 4.1 z= 4Q
2 2

( d D1 ) p a pa = 5..6MPa for steel/cast iron 6 z 10 d = Tr = 55 It si chosen : z = 6 spire

Lenght of the nut H pII , mm

4 16200 = 4.53 (55 2 46 2 ) 5

H pII = z P = 6 9 = 54[mm]

4.3 Checking the nut 4.4 Bending and shearing checking

Fig 4.2 Cast Iron nut (bending)

i =

3 Q ( D4 d 2 ) ai D4 h 2 z

h = 0.634 P = 0634 9 = 5.706[mm] ai = 40...45[ MPa]

1 =

3 16200 ( 56 50.5) = 7.77 ai 56 5.706 2 6

Cast iron nut (shearing)

f =

Q af D4 h z 16200 = 2.689[ MPa ] af 56 5,706 6

af = 30..35[ MPa] f =

10

4.3. Choosing the nut dimensions

Exterior diameter of the body De , mm

Fig 4.4

De = D4 + ( 8...10 ) mm = 56 + 8 = 64mm
Exterior diameter of the neck D g , mm

Dg = De + (16...20 ) mm = 64 + 16 = 80[mm]

Height of the neck hg , mm

hg = 8...12[ mm] = 10[mm]

4.4. Checking the nut at composed stresses

Effective traction tension t , MPa

t =

4Q 4 16200 = = 21.48[ MPa ] 2 2 De D4 64 2 56 2

Effective torsion tension t , MPa

t =

( De4 D44 ) 16 De

M insII

74484.49

( 614 514 ) 16 61

= 0.000326[ MPa]

Equivalent tension e , MPa

e = t2 + 4 t2 = 21.22 2 + 4 0.000326 2 = 21.22[ MPa ] at at = 40...45[ MPa ]

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4.5. Checking the neck

Crushing check s , MPa

s =

4Q 4 16200 = = 8.95[ MPa] as = 60[ MPa] 2 Dg De2 80 2 64 2

Shearring check f , MPa

f =

Q 16200 = = 8.05[ MPa] af De hg 64 10

af = 30...35[ MPa]

4.6. Choosing and checking the stud nut that secures the nut in the jacks body
Choosing the stud nut
Fig 4.5

It is chosen stud nut M6x25mm, with notch, cylindrical pin, represented in figure 4.6

Fig 4.6 The friction moment on the surface of the neck Mg , [ N m]

3 Dg De3 1 1 80 3 64 3 M g = Q 2 = 0,13 16200 2 = 76128[ Nmm] 3 Dg De2 3 80 64 2

= 0.13 steel / cast iron

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The moment in the pin M s , Nmm

M s = M insII M g = 74484 .49 76128 = 1643 .51[ Nmm ]

CALCULUS OF THE BODY

Choosing the dimensions of the body

Fig 5.1

Dci = De + ( 2...6 )[ mm] = 64 + 3 = 67[mm]

= 5...7 = 6 = 7...8[mm] = 7[ mm] t = 10...12[mm] = 10[ mm] H 1 = H max + ( 30...50 )[ mm] = 162 + 40 = 202[mm] Dbi = ( 2 H 1 tg ) + Dci = 2 202 tg 6 + 67 = 109.46 110[mm] Dbe = Dbi + ( 30...50 )[ mm] = 110 + 50 = 160[ mm]
H II inaltimea de ridicare a surubului secundar H c = H 1 + H pII hg + ( 0...10 )[mm] = 202 + 45 10 + 8 = 245[mm] Checking the body at compression c , MPa

c =

4Q 4 16200 = = 10.79[ MPa] ac 2 2 Dg Dci 80 2 67 2

c = 60..80MPa
Checking the underlying surface at crushing s , MPa

13

s =

4Q 4 16200 = = 1.84[ MPa ] as 2 2 Dbe Dbi 160 2 120 2

as = 2...2,5[ MPa ]

5. CUP CALCULUS 5.1. Telescopic lifting jack cup

Choosing the pin which consolidates the cup to the main screw p, MPa

p=

4Q 4 16200 = = 18.88[ MPa] p a 2 2 dc d0 34 2 8 2

p a = 25..40 MPa
Choosing cylindrical slotted screw and cylindrical plug which prevents axial displacement of the cup
It is chosen a slotted cylindrical head screw and cylindrical plug M8x1 STAS 7517 Group A-5.8. Whose dimensions are represented in Figure 6.1

Fig 6.1 Checking weakened section of the screw head composite applications

14

Fig 6.2

d ci = d c 2 c3 2[mm] = 34 2 5 2 = 22[mm]

c = t =

4 Q 4 16200 = = 42.61[ MPa] 2 d ci 222

3 d ci 2

16 M f

16 21101.14 = 10.09[ MPa] 223

e = c + 4 t2 = 42.612 + 4 0.0010092 = 42.61[ MPa] ac ac = 50[ MPa]

EFFICIENCY CALCULUS Efficiency of the telescopic lifting jack

If using a spigot to slip between the screw head and cup

tg 2 tg 3.25 = = 0,197 3 3 2 0,11 34 3 83 2 dc d0 ' tg ( 6,53 + 3,25) + tg + 2 + 2 3 22,5 34 2 8 2 3 d 2 d c d 02

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THE METHODOLOGY OF DESINGNING A VERTICAL RATCHET MECHANISM

5.2. Mechanism sketch:

Fig 8.1

8.2 The handle length calculus

8.2.1 Momentul ncovoietor total M it , [ Nmm]

M it = M m = M f + M ins = 21101.14 + 74484 .49 = 95585 .63 95586[ Nmm]

8.2.2 The acting force ofone worker, Fm , N

Fm = 150...300[ N]
It is chosen Fm=300[N] 8.2.3 The calculus length of the handle, Lc , mm

Lc =

M it 95586 = = 318.62[ mm] K n Fm 1 1 300

n = 1 sau 2 no. of workers

16

n=1 k=1

5.2.1.

Length of the hanlde, L, mm

L = Lc + l0 = 318.62 + 50 = 368.62[mm] 369

l0 = 50[mm] for n = 1
5.3. Lengthener calculus 5.3.1. Lengthener length L p , mm
Lm = 0,4 L = 0,4 369 = 147.6[mm] L p = L Lm + l = 369 147.6 + 80 = 301.4[mm] l = 50...80[mm] l = 80[ mm]

5.3.2.

Lengthener diameter d pe , mm

d pi = 3

32 k n Fm ( L p l0 )

ai

=3

32 1 1 300 ( 301 50 ) = 18.55 19[mm] 120

d ai = 120[mm]
Diametrul exterior al prelungitorului d pe , mm d pe = 22mm Verificarea prelungitorului la solicitarea de ncovoiere i , [MPa ]

i =

32 k n Fm ( L p l o l )d pe

(d pe d pi )
4 4

32 1 1 300 (301 50 80 ) 22 = 110 .6[ MPa ] (22 4 19 4 )

110 .6[ MPa ] ai = 100 ..120[ MPa ]

5.4. Ratchet wheel calculus

Choosing the material It is chosen OLC 45 STAS 500/2

5.4.1.
Wheel dimensions

Choosing the dimensions

17

Dm = (1,6...1,8) d = 1,6 55 = 88[mm] Dm = 88[mm]

z =8 Dm 88 b = = 17.27[mm] 2 z 28 h = ( 0,6...0,8) b = 0,6 17.27 = 10.36[ mm]

Di = Dm h = 88 10.36 = 77.64[mm] De = Dm + h = 88 + 10.36 = 98.36[mm] a 0,5 d (1..2) = 0,5 55 1 = 26.5[mm] a = 26.5[mm]

Fig 8.2

5.4.2.

Checking the ratchet wheel under stresses

Checking the cog at bending i , MPa

i =

3 F1 h 3 2145.59 10.36 = = 22.35[ MPa] ai b2 17.27 2 10 2 M it 2 95586 F1 = = = 2172.4[ N ] Dm 88

= 8...10[mm] = 10[mm] ai = 100...120[ MPa] ai = 120[ MPa]

Checking the cog at shearing f , MPa

18

f = af

F1 2172 .4 = = 12.57[ MPa] af b 17.27 10 = 80...100[ MPa ]

Checking the contact surface of the cog at crushing

s = as

F1 2172 .4 = = 20.96[ MPa ] as h 10 10.36 = 100...120[ MPa ]

Checking the assembly on polygonal contour at crushing s , MPa

Fig 8.3

s =

2 M it 2 95586 = = 94.26[ MPa] as a2 t 13 2 12

t = + 2 = 10 + 2 = 12[mm] as = 100...120[ MPa]

5.5. Ratchet calculus 5.5.1.

Choosing the material

It si chosen OLC 45 STAS 500/2

5.5.2.

Choosing the dimensions

Locating ratchet sizes in mm

19

1 = (0,5...0,6) = 0,5 10 = 5[mm] D 98.36 l1 = e + h + ( 2...4) = + 10.36 + 3 = 62.54[mm] 2 2 D = d pe + (4...6) = 22 + 4 = 26[mm]

h1 = D 26 (0,5...1) 1 = 1 5 = 8 2 2

Ratchet size,in mm l 2 = h1 + 1 + t = 8 + 5 + 12 = 25[mm] h2 =

Dm 88 b 1 = 17.27 1 = 16.28 16[mm] z 8

Fig 8.4

8.4.3. Checking the ratchet at excentric compression

Total tension i , MPa

i =

6 F1 a1 6 2172 .4 12 = = 58 .97 [ MPa ] ai 2 10 .36 16 2 h h2

ai =100 ... 120 [ MPa ] a1 = t +1 0,5 =12 + 5 0.5 10 =12

20

5.5.3. Ratchets pin calculus 5.5.4. Choosing the material

It is choosen OL 50 STAS 500/2

5.5.5. Size selection

It is recommend choosing a smaller bolt head, which will process a fixation pin hole. Choice recommend bolts with diameter 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm.

d b = 12mm

Checking the pin at stresses Checking the pin at shearing f , MPa

f =

4 R 4 2482.7 = = 21.95[ MPa] af 2 12 2 db a1 12 = 2172 .4 = 2482 .7 a2 10.5

af = 60...80[ MPa]
R = F1

a 2 = h1 +

1 5 = 8 + = 10.5 2 2

Fig.8.5

21

Checking the pin at crushing

s =

R 2482.7 = = 19.97[ MPa] as d b h 12 10.36

as = 60...80[ MPa]
Checking the pin at bending

i =

16 R h 16 2482.7 10.36 = = 75.8[ MPa] ai 3 12 3 db

ai = 100...120[ MPa]

22

6. TECHNICAL SECURITY WORK RULES

The main work safety rules are: - Jack repair if its failure will be made only by special people - Jack is not inserted at random load, but only in places specially designed to load - To prevent accidents, if the load is lifted after the intervention under high load, will always ensure load - For a better functioning of the jack is recommended lubrication periodic coupling of the jack screws - Not running anointing of jack screws and couplings in use, ie while jack is required to a certain - Will not lift a load greater than indicated in calculations - To lift the load it will not use the ratchet drive mechanism provided in the calculations only lengtheners - Use of any other type of extension can lead to forces that can lead to the breaking of the mechanism, and so to car accidents

23

7. SUPPORTING STATEMENT REGARDING THE CHOICE OF THE MATERIALS, THE BLANKS AND COSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THE MAIN PARTS OF THE JACK(NUTS, BOLTS)

For proper functioning of the jack the screws need to be not only resistant but also rigid. On that basis it will be chosen to manufacture screws from ordinary materials (OL), as follows: the main screw is recommended OL 37, for secondary nut and screw fixation is recommended OL 50. For the screw and nut need to be used trapezoidal thread fixed to increase the rigidity of the mechanism. Yet when to prevent wear to the cup assembly it can be chosen a heat treated or thermochemical steel. The manufacturing of the ratchet mechanism operated horizontally can also use ordinary materials, low alloy steels for general engineering STAS 500 / 2. In the making it will be used commercilal tubes for extension. When running the drive spring mechanism will be used hot rolled and heat treated spring steel and for the blank springs is used carbon steel wire STAS 89

8.

WRITTEN SOLUTIONS

EVIDENCE ON THE

ON

THE

CHOICE IN

OF THE

MATERIALS, HALF-FINSHEDED AND CONSTRUCTIVE MAIN PICES MECHANISMS CONSTRUCTION The jack is a mechanism used for lifting different tasks, especially for auto repairs and interventions, which is composed from a screw-nut mechanism. Considering that the lifting task is statically applied, for the screw-nut mechanism, we choose trapezoidal thread, which although

24

has a lower rated capacity then the squared one, it has a better stiffness and at the same time ensures a good alignment of the nut on the screw. Also this type of thread allows the transmission of the task in both directions, and has the advantage that can be executed by milling with high productivity. In choosing the materials we kept in mind that the operation is done manually, and the jack has a relatively small time of operating, but also in the fact that the screw-nut mechanism is the most requested component of the jack. For this reasons was chosen, for manufacturing the screw-nut mechanism, and the majority component parts, laminated steel OL50 STAS 500/2 80. OL50 steel allows a proper processing by cutting and it is not longer necessary to develop heat treatments to improve its mechanical properties. OL50 laminated plate, of which the levers were executed, has an increased resistance to buckling due to the grains orientation in the same direction after the levers axis after lamination. For the foot-plate of the jack, was chosen cast steel OT50 STAS 600 80, because it not longer requires further processing by cutting. For the arch of the acting mechanism, was chosen arch steel mark OLC55A, steel that gives the arch average properties. In choosing the materials we had in mind, also the cost of the chosen materials, aiming to obtain high quality products, at a lower cost of production.

9. TEHNICAL SECURITY STANDARDS OF WORK One nut lifting jack is included in the lifting mechanisms, of which cause must be provided a series of instructions and measures to prevent and avoid accidents at work. Like any lifting mechanism, the lifting jack should ensure the self-braking condition, meaning that when the jack operating stops, it will not fall bellow the action of the lifting task. The self-braking condition is ensured by de screw-nut mechanism. The users of this lifting mechanism will be trained on how to work correctly. It is recommended:

25

- The jack will be used only for manual acting; - It will not be used for loads grater then 8200N. For this reason we will mark, at a visible place, the maximum lifting load; - The lifting load should not allow horizontal movement, to avoid the inverting of the jack. Also is forbidden to lift the loads anchored on the ground, for not overloading the jack; - The jack it will not be put directly on the ground, because its resistance is unknown. In this way under the jack will be inserted a plate, from a material sufficiently strong that will not allow the sliding of the jack in horizontal plane; - Checking the technical proper functioning of the jack before using it; - There will not be unattended loads left on the jack; - The jack storage it will be made such that sub-assemblies deformations will be avoided, in dry places such that the crew-nut mechanism, oxidations will be not favored, which will aggravate operating the jack for the appearance of additional friction forces; It will regularly be checked: - The bolts to be provided with elastic rings, for safety; - The levers are not deformed; - The cup to be fixed well in the support; - The screw-nut mechanism, not presenting advanced wear and it will be permanently greased to reduce friction forces and immature wear; - Check that no cracks exists on different parts of the jack; 10. REFRENCES

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1. ALEXANDRU, P. s.a. Mecanisme, vol. II. Universitatea din Brasov, 1984. 2. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Indrumar de proiectare in constructia de masini, vol. I. Bucuresti, Editura Tehnica, 1981. 3. DRAGHICI, I. s.a. Organe de masini. Culegere de probleme. Bucuresti, Editura Didactica si Pedagogica, 1980. 4. GAFITANU, M. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Bucuresti, Editura Tehnica, 1981 5. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, Indrumar pentru proiectul de an nr. 1, Universitatea din Brasov, 1986. 6. JULA, A. s.a. Organe de masini, vol. I. Universitatea din Brasov, 1986 7. MOLDOVEAN, GH. s.a. Calculul si proiectarea formei arborilor drepti. Brasov, Editura Lux Libris, 1998 8. Culegere de norme si extrase din standarde pentru proiectarea elementelor componente ale masinilor, vol. I si II. Universitatea din Brasov, 1984