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Step 1: Construct the circuit of Figure 6.1. Apply power, and adjust the potentiometer until the voltage at Pin 6 is equal to 0V. Then, by SLOWLY increasing the voltage at Pin 6, indicate on Table 6.1 the lowest voltage at which the digital output first switches to the indicated binary value.
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TABLE 6.1 Analog to Digital Conversion Data Analog Voltage Binary Value Analog Voltage 0.00 Volts 00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100 00000101 00000110 00000111
Binary Value 00001000 00001001 00001010 00001011 00001100 00001101 00001110 00001110
On the graph below (Figure 6.2) plot the analog voltage versus the binary value.
Digital Value
FIGURE 6.2 Transfer Function Segment of 8-Bit Analog to Digital Conversion. Since this circuit uses an 8-bit conversion, it will divide the voltage between V+ and V- into 256 discrete steps. This full-scale voltage of 5V when divided by 256, produces steps of about 20mv each. Based upon your data, how much of an input voltage swing actually produces a one-bit change on the output? ________________. If this value (voltage resolution per bit) varies from the expected value of 20mV, explain: __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Based upon the voltage resolution per bit that you obtained, you should be able to predict the expected output binary value for any analog input by dividing the analog input by the resolution per bit. Based upon this calculation, fill in the columns in Table 6.2 that are labeled Expected Output.
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TABLE 6.2 Analog to Digital Conversion Data Analog Expected Output Vo Voltage Output Obtained 0.50 Volts 1.00 Volts 1.50 Volts 2.00 Volts 2.50 Volts
Analog Voltage 3.00 Volts 3.50 Volts 4.00 Volts 4.50 Volts 5.00 Volts
Expected Output
Output Obtained
Vo
Step 2: Adjust the potentiometer to the indicated analog voltages in Table 6.2 and record in the table the binary output that was actually obtained. Ignore the column labeled Vo Describe any variations in the expected results: ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ The resolution obtained for a single bit is also expressed as a percentage of the full-scale voltage that is determined by a single bit. That is,
% Res =
Based upon this equation, what is the percentage of full-scale resolution obtained with this 8-bit analog to digital converter? ________________________ans.
Instructors Signature: _______________________________ Date: ____________ Operative: ____ Inoperative: ____
1 x100 2N
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Note that the DAC0808 D/A converter generates a varying analog current at its output, Io, on Pin-4. The fullscale value of this current is determined by the current input at Vref+, on Pin 14, (2.00 mA.) Consequently, this current must be converted back to a voltage to obtain Vo. To do this, an LM741 operational amplifier is configured as a current to voltage converter using the same size current loop (5.1K resistor.) Step 4: For each entry in Table 6.2, measure and record the output voltage (Vo) from the Op-Amp (Pin 6). Explain any variation between the input analog value and the output analog value. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
Instructors Signature: _______________________________ Date: ____________ Operative: ___ Inoperative: ___
FIGURE 6.4. Temperature Sensing Circuit. Step 5: Construct the circuit of Figure 6.4, removing the potentiometer of Figure 6.3, and replacing it with the LM34 temperature sensor and the LM741 operational amplifier circuit. Record in the first line of Table 6.3 the (1) voltage at Pin 2 of the LM34, (2) the corresponding ambient temperature it represents, (3) the voltage at Pin 6 of the ADC0804 verifying the gain of the input amplifier, (4) the digital value at the inputs of the DAC0808, and (5) the voltage at Pin 6 of the LM741 at the output of the circuit. You may have to wait a little while for the temperature to stabilize.
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TABLE 6.3 Temperature Acquisition Data (1) (2) (3) LM33 Output Ambient A/D Input Voltage Voltage Temperature, F
Digital Equivalent
(4)
Output Voltage, Vo
(5)
Step 6: Heat the temperature sensor by grasping it with your fingers. As the temperature indicates higher values, add respective lines of data to Table 6.3. Record here your comments concerning the circuit operation and reasons for unexpected results. (Why is the temperature seemingly higher than it should be?, etc.) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________
Instructors Signature: _______________________________ Date: ____________ Operative: ___ Inoperative: ___
NOTES: __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Parts List: 1. Logic Trainer 2. DC Power Supply 3. ADC0804 A-to-D Converter 4. DAC0808 D-to-A Converter 5. LM741 Op-Amp 6. 100k Potentiometer 7. 20K Resistor 8. 10K Resistor 9. 5.1K Resistor 10. 2.2K Resistor 11. 150pF Capacitor 12. 0.1F Capacitor 13. LM34
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