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CENTRIPETAL FORCE :
The force required to keep the body in circular path is centripetal force.
mr
mv2 r
The centripetal force changes the direction of the velocity but not the magnitude of the velocity. It acts perpendicular to the direction of motion of the body. Note : The gravitational force of attraction provides the necessary centripetal force for the moon to go round the earth.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE :
The accelerated frame of reference is the frame of reference which is moving with an acceleration. When a body revolving round in a circular path is in the accelerated frame of reference, it is observed that the body is experiencing a centrifugal force. The magnitude of centrifugal force is equal to the centripetal force. The centrifugal force acts away from the centre.
The roads and rail roads are banked to provide the necessary centripetal force from the normal reaction. Centripetal force = horizontal component of normal reaction = N sin Centripetal force = Resultant of the normal reaction and weight =
N2 W2
Tan
The angle of banking the road of radius r. is given by
A particle of mass m suspended by a thread is given a horizontal speed u, when it is at A, it moves in a vertical circle of radius r When the angular displacement of the particle is , ie when the particle is at p 1. Speed of the particle lowest point 2. Centripetal force mv2/r = T mg cos 3. Tangential acceleration = g sin 4. Tangential force = mg sin 5. Tension in the string T = mv 2/r + mg Cos v =
u 2gr 1 cos
6. Tensions at lowest point (i.e, = 0) is given by T = (mv2/r) + mg and is maximum. Where V is the velocity at the lowest point. 7. Tension at the highest point (i.e, = 180) is T = (mv2/r) mg and is minimum where V is the velocity at highest point 8. The minimum velocity at the lowest point to just complete the circle is u WHEN A BODY IS ROTATED IN A HORIZONTAL CIRCLE : The body can be rotated with uniform speed or non-uniform speed. When the body is moving round with uniform speed i) ii) It has centripetal force of constant magnitude equal to It has tension of constant magnitude
mv 2 r mv 2 . r
5gr
iii) Its KE remains constant. iv) It has centripetal acceleration of constant magnitude
v2 or r r
2
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