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AC Drives (VFD)
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MG 10-2001Page 18
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= 26/7.34 = 3.5Minimum off time = C = 115 secondsThe value 19 MG 10-2001Page of B/Load Wk 2 less than the Copyright 2001 is by the National maximum number of Electrical hour and starts per Manufacturers Association.
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1.8.2 Applications therefore the motor Involving mustbe limited to 3.5 Extendedhour with starts per Periods ofminimum off time a Light Load MG 10-2001Page 20 Operation between starts of number of A seconds. 115 Copyright 2001 methods have been Table by the National proposed to reduce 7ALLOWABLE Electrical OF the voltage applied NUMBER Manufacturers to the motor in STARTS AND Association. response MINIMUMto Figure 5TYPICAL TIMEBETWEEN theapplied load, the ENERGY
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CONSUMPTION STARTSof this being purpose FOR OF A DESIGN A AND to reduce the CENTRIFUGAL DESIGN B losses magnetizing FAN SYSTEM MOTORS during periods when MG 10-2001Page 21 2-Pole WITH the full 4-Pole DISCHARGEDAMPER torquecapability of 6-PoleHPA B Copyright 2001 CONTROL, thethe National C motor is not B A by VARIABLE INLET C A required. TypicalB of Electrical C VANE CONTROL, these devices is the 1 15 Manufacturers 1.2 AND VARIABLE power factor 75 30 5.8 Association. SPEED 34 The power 38 15 controller. Section 12.9 CONTROLWITHa 331.5 factorcontroller is 2MAINTENANCE
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1.8 electricadjusts 76 25.7 EDDY that motor The device CURRENT 8.6 38 29.1 AND VARIABLE 22 generally needs little the voltage applied MG 10-2001Page 23 342 11.5 FREQUENCY maintenance, to 2.4 the motor to 23 77 DRIVES1.8.4 26.1 Copyright a 11 39 therefore proper approximate 2001 30 the National often 353 Applicationsis 9.9 by maintenance preset power 3.5 80 19.8 Involving Thereare Electrical forgotten. factor.These power 17 40 22.4 Overhauling Loads Manufacturers 8.1 a number of factor controllers 44 365 Overhauling loads 5.7 16.3 Association common example, may, for83 27 beneficial for use 18.4 typically42 resultwhich in abnormalities be 71 377.5 if 7.0 energy waste with motors rated have an88 adverse 8.3 13.9 some on a motor's less than 5 of 15.8 effect form 39 44 dissipative braking is 104 3910 HPoperating for 6.2 performance:a)
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11 92 12.5 insufficient used. Examples extended periods of 51 46 14.2 ofoverhauling loads ventilationb) high 5.4 light loads where the 137 4115 ambient100 are: deceleration of magnetization losses 16 10.7 75 50 temperaturesc) high high relatively 12.1 are ainertia loads, 200 4420 mechanical the 4.8 absorption test percentageof 21 110 9.6 misalignmentd) 10.9 stands, 55 total loss. Care must unwind 99 stands, 4825 web be improper V-belt 4.4 262 exercised in the 26 115 applicatione) these processstands, 8.8 application of and 122 58 Savings 10.0 improperconveyors. downhill5130 controllers. 324 4.1 lubricationf) In these120 cases are achieved 8.2 31 energy can be 9.3 excessive onlywhen the saved 144 60 384the use of 5340 3.7 moistureg) motor is by controlled
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40 130 contaminationh) 7.4 operated for regenerative 189 65 8.4 sustained overloadi) devices.5750 extended periods 3.4 at 503 abnormal no load 145light 6.8 or 49 232 72 7.7 voltageInsufficient load.Particular care 620 be6460 3.2 ventilation or high must taken when 58 170 6.3 ambient 85 their7.2 considering 275 temperatures result use with7575 than other 735 2.9 71 5.8 in higher resistance motors 180 less rated 338the winding. On 90 Atypical 6.6 in than 5 HP. 904 79100 theaverage, the 10 horsepower 110 2.6 92 efficiency of a idle motor will havemotor 5.2 441 110 5.9 decay byorder of 1181 will losses in the 0.2 to
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971255 percent of the 2.4 4 orpercentage 113 1.0 275 4.8 542 points from room rated output. In this 140 5.4 1452 temperature sizerange 2.2 to 133 the 120150 320 4.5 itsoperating magnetization 640 160 5.1 losses that can 1719 temperature. be 140200 2.0 172 saved may not be Furthermore, 831 600 4.0 excessive equal to 4.5 losses the 300 2238 265250 1.8 caused by the 210 temperature rises 1000 3.7 poor 1017 distortedvoltage caused 4.2 by 500 2744 wave form maintenance 440Where:A = Maximum ormisapplication introduced by the number of starts per hour.B = Maximum controller. reduces the
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productApplications 1.8.3 of starts perthe operating life of hour times load Wk Involving
motor and increases 2 .C = Minimum rest or off Throttling or energy time in seconds between Bypass Control consumption.Sometimes starts.Allowable starts per Many the lesser of (1) A pump and additional friction fan hour is applications involve gradually develops or (2) B divided by the load Wk the driven or the control of flow within 2 pressure by means machine. This could i.e. 2 throttling by of caused or be LoadBAhourperStarts bypassdevices. on a abuildup of dust Wk Throttling and of fan, the wearing bypass valves are in parts, misalignment
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Note: Table 7belts, or of gears or based effect seriesisand on the following insufficient Applied parallel power conditions:a) lubrication that regulators frequency in voltage and in accordance with MG 1thedriven machine. perform theirfunction 12.44.b) conditions These During the by dissipating the accelerating period, the cause the between difference driven is connected load torque source or to become machine less than a equal to energy torque which varies as less efficient, the supplied and which the square ofthe speed reduces to desired sink 100 and is equal systemefficiency and energy.These losses percent of rated torque at increases energy can be dramatically rated speed.c) External load Wk consumption. reduced by To
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controlling the flow assure or less than the equal to continued efficient operation rate or pressure by values listed in MG112.54.d) For the speed and long motor controlling other life, conditions, schedule aregular theor fan ofthe pump should be manufacturer with a variablemotors for inspecting consulted. speed drive.Figure 5 and driven equipment should be illustrates the energy saving potential of established. the application of variable speed drive to an application thattraditionally uses
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throttling control.For additional information on adjustable speed motors see MG 1, Parts 14, 30, and 31.A simplistic example will serve to illustrate the savings to be achieved by the use of this powerful
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energyconservation tool.Assumptions:a) Line Power Required by Fan at full CFM without flow control device . 100 HPb) Full CFM required 1000 hours per yearc) 75% CFM required 3000 hours per yeard) 50% CFM
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required 2000 hours per yeare) Cost of energy $.06 per KW/HR% Power consumption with various flow control methods per Figure 5.Annual Cost of Energy
100x1000HR/KW$xN =$
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Annual Cost of Energy Summary:Discharge Damper $24,600Variable Inlet Vane $19,600Eddy Current Drive $15,900Variable Frequency AC Drive
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