An Overview of Computer System & Computer Network (KU1072 week1)

Saiful Akbar
Data & Software Eng. Research Division School of Electrical Eng. & Informatics

April 24, 2008 SA/DSE KU1072 Introduction to IT B, ITB

Topics
Computer System (ch. 2-4) Computer Network & Internet (ch. 89)

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Social & Ethical Issues

Reference
The slides are taken/modified from:
G. Beekman & M. J. Quinn, Tomorrows Technology and You (Ch 2-4, 8-9) William F. Slater III, Internet History and Growth, Chicago Chapter of the Internet Society, September 2002

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Computer System

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Computer System

Computer System - Objectives

how computers store and manipulate information. the basic structure and organization of a computer. the functions and interactions of a computer systems principal internal components several examples of input devices and how they can make it easier to get different types of information into the computer. several examples of output devices and then explain how they make computers more useful. three fundamental categories of software and their relationship. the role of the operating system in a modern computer system

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Computer System

Basic Functions & Components

Input-Process/Store-Output Input devices
Keyboards and pointing devices (mouse)

Output devices
Display or video monitor Printer Speakers

Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory & Storage devices

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Computer System

The CPU: The Real Computer

Is An extraordinarily complex collection of electronic circuits Interprets and executes the instructions in each program Housed along with other chips and electronic components on the motherboard
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Computer System

The Computers memory

RAM (random access memory) Used to store program instructions and data temporarily Unique addresses and data can be stored in any location Can quickly retrieve information Will not remain if power goes off (volatile) ROM Flash memory Used for phones, pagers, portable computers, handheld computers, and PDAs

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Computer System

Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

Information travels between components on the motherboard through groups of wires called system buses, or just buses.

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Computer System

Buses, Ports, and Peripherals

Buses Typically have 32 or 64 wires Connect to storage devices in bays Connect to expansion slots Connect to external buses and ports Slots and ports Make it easy to add external devices, called peripherals.

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Computer System

Input: From Person to Processor

Keyboard

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Computer System

Input: From Person to Processor

Pointing Devices
Touch Screen

Graphics tablet

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Computer System

Input: From Person to Processor

Reading Tools
Pen Scanner OMR PDA Handwriting Recognition SW

Barcode Reader

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Computer System

Input: From Person to Processor

Others

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Computer System

Output: From Pulses to People

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Computer System

Storage Devices: Input Meets Output

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Computer System-Software

Software Topology
System Software
Operating System Utility Device Driver

Compiler & Software Development Tools Application Software

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Computer System-Software

Operating System
Supports multitasking Manages virtual memory Maintains file system Responsible for authentication and authorization DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux

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Computer System-Software

Utility Programs
Serve as tools for doing system maintenance and repairs that arent automatically handled by the operating system Make it easier for users to:
Copy files between storage devices Repair damaged data files Translate files so that different programs can read them Guard against viruses and other potentially harmful programs (as described in the chapter on computer security and risks) Compress files so they take up less disk space Perform other important, if unexciting, tasks
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Computer System-Software

Utility Programs
Symantec Norton Utilities: recovering damaged files, repairing damaged disks, and improving disk performance.

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Computer System-Software

Language & Compiler

The Language of Computers
Machine Language: numeric codes that represent data (& instructions) Low-level language

Assembly High-level language: falls between machine language and natural human language Pascal, C, C++, Java, C#, Fortran, Basic, Ada, Prolog, LISP, Phyton, Perl Compilers translate high-level language into machine language.

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Computer System-Software

Software Development Tools

Environment for building a program: editor, compiler, library MS Visual Studio, JDeveloper, Eclipse, Gambas, etc

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End User Applications

Word processing and desktop publishing Spreadsheets and other number-crunching applications Databases Computer graphics and digital image processing Digital audio, digital video, and multimedia Entertainment Customized problem-solving (MIS, ERP, CRM) Artificial intelligence
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Computer Network & Internet

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Computer Network & Internet

Objectives
Describe the nature and function of local area networks and wide area networks. Describe the components of computer network & communication model Discuss the uses and implications of email, instant messaging, blogging, teleconferencing, and other forms of online communication. Explain how and why the Internet was created. Describe the technology that is at the heart of the Internet. Describe the internet applications and web applications

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Computer Network & Internet

Basic Network Anatomy

A computer network is any system of two or more computers that are linked together. Anatomy:
LAN: wired-LAN, wireless MAN WAN
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Computer Network & Internet

Components of Computer Network

Cable: UTP, coaxial Fiber optic NIC, Modem Router Server: File Server, Web Server, Email Server Client Protocol: TCP/IP, FTP, HTTP NOS
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Computer Network & Internet

Communication model
Client/server model
One or more computers act as dedicated servers and all the remaining computers act as clients.

Peer-to-peer model
Every computer on the network is both client and server.

Many networks are hybrids, using features of the client/server and peer-to-peer models.
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Computer Network & Internet

Internet
History
ARPAnet DoD 1969 (ARPAnet), 1980 (P2P), 1990 (HTTP)

The Internet: an interconnected network of thousands of networks using TCP/IP protocol

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Computer Network & Internet

Internet Growth
Growth of Internet Hosts * Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
250,000,000

200,000,000

No. of Hosts

150,000,000

100,000,000

50,000,000

0
9/ 69 01 /7 1 01 /7 3 01 /7 4 01 /7 6 01 /7 9 08 /8 1 08 /8 3 10 /8 5 11 /8 6 07 /8 8 01 /8 9 10 /8 9 01 /9 1 10 /9 1 04 /9 2 10 /9 2 04 /9 3 10 /9 3 07 /9 4 01 /9 5 01 /9 6 01 /9 7 01 /9 8 01 /9 9 01 /0 1 08 /0 2

Time Period

The Internet was not known as "The Internet" until January 1984, at which time there were 1000 hosts that were all converted over to using TCP/IP. April 24, 2008 SA/DSE 30

Computer Network & Internet

Internet Protocol, Address

TCP/IP Layering Protocols IP Address Routing Domain Name & DNS Top-level domains include:
.edu - educational sites .com - commercial sites .gov - government sites .mil - military sites .net - network administration sites .org - nonprofit organization sites
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Computer Network & Internet

Email Address
An email address includes: username@hostname.sub.dom username is the persons mailbox hostname is the name of the host computer and is followed by one or more domains separated by periods: host.domain host.subdomain.domain host.subdomain.subdoma in.domain
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Computer Network & Internet

Network Applications
Email Mailing List Newsgroups Instant Messaging Voice Mail Internet Telephony Massive Multiplayer Online Game Search Engine, Web-Robot Indexer/Web Crawler/Spider Specialized Search Engines: Google Maps, Froogle, and others
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Computer Network & Internet

World Wide Web, Web

Protocol HTTP, Web Server, Web Client/Browser Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Beyond HTML: Scripting Language, XML, XHTML, VRML, Applet Web Address: Resource File
Domain Name http:// weatherunderground.com/
satellite/vis/1k/ US.html

Protocol for Web pages

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Path
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Computer Network & Internet

Web Applications
simple data-processing tasks Most Web applications take advantage of the Webs connectivity. Search Engine online business transactions (e-bay, amazon, paypal,) News-oriented Web applications Other Web applications support a more traditional form of information broadcasting.

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