Education in Indonesia

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Education in Indonesia

Ministry of National Education Professor Muhammad Nuh National education budget (2006) Budget: General Details Primary Languages: System Type: Competency-based curriculum Literacy (2005) Total: Male: Female: Primary: Secondary: 90.4 94.0 86.8 31.8 million 18.6 million
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US $4.18 billion

Indonesian Curriculum October 14, 2004

Indonesia
This article is part of the series:

Education in Indonesia

Ministry of National Education

Curriculum

Stages

Early Childhood o Playgroup (Kelompok Bermain) o Kindergarten (Taman Kanak-kanak) o Islamic kindergarten (Raudatul Athfal) Primary Eduaction (Grade 1-6) o Elementary school (Sekolah Dasar) o Islamic elementary school (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) o Homeschooling with equivalent certificate A (Paket A) Lower Secondary Education (Grade 7-9) o Junior high school (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) o Islamic junior high school (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) o Homeschooling with equivalent certificate B (Paket B) Higher Secondary Education (Grade 10-12) o University-preparatory school Senior high school (Sekolah Menengah Atas) Islamic high school (Madrasah Aliyah) o Vocational education (Kejuruan) Vocational school (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan) Islamic vocational cchool (Madrasah Aliyah Kejuruan) o Homeschooling with equivalent certificate C (Paket C) Post-Secondary Education o Academy o University o Institute o Polytechnic o College (Sekolah Tinggi)

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Education in Indonesia is the responsibility of the Ministry of National Education of Indonesia (Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia/Kemdiknas), formerly the Department of Education and Culture of Indonesia (Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia/Depdikbud). In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake nine years of compulsory education, six years at elementary level and three in junior high school.

Education is defined as a planned effort to establish a study environment and education process so that the student may actively develop his/her own potential to gain the religious and spiritual level, consciousness, personality, intelligence, behaviour and creativity to him/herself, other citizens and for the nation. The constitution also notes that education in Indonesia is divided into two major parts, formal and non-formal. Formal education is divided again into three levels, primary, secondary and tertiary education.

Contents
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1 School grades 2 Preschool 3 Elementary school 4 Junior high school 5 Senior High School 6 Higher education 7 History 8 References 9 See also 10 External links

[edit] School grades

The Indonesian school year usually started in July. One year is divided into two semesters. Level/Grade Preschool Playgroup Kindergarten Elementary School 1st Grade 2nd Grade 3rd Grade 4th Grade 5th Grade 6th Grade 67 78 89 910 1011 1112 3-4 4-6 Typical age

Junior high school 7th grade 8th Grade 9th Grade Senior high school 10th Grade 11th Grade 12th Grade Post-secondary education Ages vary (usually four years, referred to as Freshman, Tertiary education (College or University) Sophomore, Junior and Senior years) 1516 1617 1718 12-13 13-14 14-15

[edit] Preschool
From birth until the age of 3, Indonesian children generally do not have access to formal education. From the age of 3 to 4 or 5, they attend kindergarten (Taman Kanak-Kanak). This education is not compulsory for Indonesian citizens, as the aim of this is to prepare them for primary school. Of the forty-nine thousand kindergartens in Indonesia 99.35% are privately operated schools [1]. The kindergarten years are usually divided into "Class A" and "Class B" students spending a year in each class.

[edit] Elementary school

Children ages 611 attend Sekolah Dasar (SD) (literally Elementary School). This level of education is compulsory for all Indonesian citizens, based on the national constitution. In contrast to the majority of privately run kindergartens, most elementary schools are government operated public schools, accounting for 93% of all elementary schools in Indonesia[2]. Similar to education systems in the U.S. and Australia, students must study for six years to complete this level. Some schools offer an accelerated learning program, where students who perform well can finish elementary school in five years.

[edit] Junior high school

Junior High school, generally known by the abbreviation "SMP" (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) is part of primary education in Indonesia. After graduating from elementary school, students attend Middle School for three years from the age of 12-14. After three years of schooling and graduation, students may move on to Senior High School.

[edit] Senior High School

A public high school in Jakarta In Indonesia, there are two types of senior high school. First is generally known as by the abbreviation "SMA" (Sekolah Menengah Atas) and second is SMK (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan). SMA differ than SMK in their studies. The students at SMA are prepared to continue their study to university while students of SMK are prepared to be ready to work after finishing their school without going to university/college. SMA is simply the university-preparatory school while SMK is the vocational school. Based on the national constitution, Indonesian citizens do not have to attend high school as the citizens only require nine years of education. This is also reflected by the number of high schools in Indonesia, with just slightly below 9,000 schools[3].

[edit] Higher education

After graduation from High school or college, students may attend a university (higher education). The higher education institution is categorized in two types: public and private which supervised by Ministry of National Education. There are three types of higher education institution: Universities, Institutes and Academy or college. There are different degrees in higher education, namely Diploma 3 (D3), Diploma 4 (D4), Strata 1 (S1), Strata 2 (S2) and Strata 3 (S3). Types of Dgree Indonesian Language English Language D3 Ahli Madya Associate's Degree D4 Sarjana Bachelor's Degree S1 Sarjana Bachelor's Degree S2 Magister Master's Degree S3 Doktor Doctoral Degree

[edit] History

The Dutch introduced a system of formal education for the local population of Indonesia, although this was restricted to certain privileged children. The system they introduced was roughly similar to the current structure, with the following levels:

ELS (Dutch: Europeesche Lagere School) - Primary School for Europeans HIS (Dutch: Hollandsch-Inlandsche School) - Primary School for Natives MULO (Dutch: Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs) - Middle School AMS (Dutch: Algeme(e)ne Middelbare School) - High School or College

By the 1930s, the Dutch had introduced limited formal education to nearly every province of the Dutch East Indies.