POTENTIALS, APPLICATIONS & CHALLENGES OF GEOTHERMAL IN INDONESIA

by: y

eko agung bramantyo

agungbram@pgeindonesia.com Presented:

timbul h silitonga h.
thsilitonga@pgeindonesia.com

PT PERTAMINA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ?

Geoscience & Reservoir

HOT WATER SYSTEM Surface A A Geothermal reservoir model Depth (Km) CAP BPoint Curve

hot WATER STEAM STEAM C A P HOT WAT ER HEAT SOURCE Liquid

100 200 T (oC)

300

DIENG
Surface A

BA C

CAP Depth (K Km)

BPoint Curve

STEAM Steam

B
100 200 T (oC) 300

D
PAVOUR SYSTEM

KAMOJANG

Reservoir dominasi airpanas ( T 260 280 C ) Reservoir 2-phasa ( ap Reser oir 2 phasa (uap + airpanas) ( T 220 260 C) Reservoir dominasi uap ( T 200 240 C )

SUBSURFACE - GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY

WELLS RESERVOIR
Source : GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION OFFICE

HEAT SOURCE

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALS

Sumber gambar : GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION OFFICE - US

GEOTHERMAL AREA IN INDONESIA

TOTAL POTENTIAL 27.000 MW 27 000 UTILIZED 1194 MW (4,4%)

APPLICATION OF GEOTHERMAL IN INDONESIA

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Eksploration 2 tahun Development 2-3 tahun Commenrcial 25-30 tahun

Wilayah Kerja Pengusahaan Geothermal of PGE (Concession A (C i Area of PGE) f

1 2

3 4 5

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sibayak-Sinabung Sibualbuali Sungaipenuh g p Hululais Lumut Balai Way Panas Ulubelu

6 7

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 14 15.

Cibereum-Parabakti Pengalengan g g Kamojang-Darajat Karaha Dieng Iyang-Argopuro Tabanan Lahendong Kotamobagu

12 13

14 15

10 11 8 9

DIAGRAM COST STRUCTURE OF GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY 110 MW

Field Development = 0.8 M 1 million US $/MW POWER PLANT = 1 1.2 million US $/MW
( Prod. & reinject. Wells = 18 )

Development Drilling 30%

Production Facilities 9%

Feasibility Study 0%

Power Plant 54%

Exploration Drilling 6%
(4 sumur eksplorsi))

Infrastructure Exloration (Survey) of Field 1% Development, 2,38%

Direct use of Geothermal Energy

Mushroom Plantation at Kamojang Cengkeh and Coconut Sugar Drying at Lahendong

Plant Capacity
OWN OPERATION Kamojang Unit-1 (30 MW), steam sales to IP Unit 2 Unit-2 (55 MW), steam sales to IP Unit-3 (55 MW), steam sales to IP Unit-4 (60 MW), steam sales to PLN Sibayak ex Dieng, Monoblok 2MW ex-Dieng, electrical sales to PLN Unit-1&2 (2x5 MW), electrical sales to Dizamatra Lahendong Unit-1,2,3 (3x20 MW), steam sales to PLN KOB Chevron Darajat Unit-1 (55 MW), steam sales to PLN Unit 2 Unit-2 (70 MW), electrical sales to PLN Unit-3 (110 MW), electrical sales to PLN Chevron Gunung Salak Unit-1,2,3 (3x50 MW), steam sales to IP Unit 4,5,6 Unit-4,5,6 (3x50 MW), electrical sales to PLN Star Energi Wayang Windu Uniit 1,2 (2 x 110 MW), electrical sales to PLN PT GEODIPA ENERGI, JV (PT PERTAMINA dan PT PLN) , ( ) Dieng Unit-1 (50 MW), electrical sales to PLN

UTILIZATION of GEOTHERMAL FOR ELECTRICITY

2500
FUTURE

2000

1500

MW

PGE
1194 MW

TOTAL

1000
22.78%

500
272 MW

YEAR

REGULATION

PERATURAN & PERUNDANGAN (Government Regulation)

KEPPRES 22/1981 Pengusahaan Panasbumi di Indonesia oleh Pertamina KEPPRES 45/1991 Pertamina dapat menjual listrik ke PLN/Bdan Usaha/koperasi KEPPRES 49/91 Setoran bagian Pemerintah (Pajak pajak) sebesar 34% (Pajak-pajak) KEPPRES 76/2000 Pengusahaan Sumber Daya panasbumi untuk Pembangkitan Tenaga LIstrik KEPMEN ESDM 667/2002 Penugasan DitJen GSDM dan LPE dalam Pengusahaan Panasbumi untuk Pembangkitan Tenaga Listrik UU27/2003,Undang-undang Panasbumi Permen ESDM 14/2008 Harga Patokan Listrik Panasbumi Permen ESDM 02/2006 Harga Listrik Energi Terbarukan Skala Menengah PP 59/2007 Permen ESDM 05/2009 Pedoman harga Pembelian Tenaga listrik oleh PT PLN oleh Koperasi atau Badan Usaha lain

BUSINESS

OPERATIONAL BUSINESS SCHEME

Develop and Operate Steam Field PERTAMINA OWN OR WITH ITS CONTRACTOR

S T E A M

PLN

CONSUMERS

OTHER COMPANY

CONSUMERS

Develop and Operate Steam Field and St Fi ld d Power Plant PERTAMINA OWN OR WITH ITS CONTRACTOR

E L E C T R I C

PLN

CONSUMERS

OTHER COMPANY

CONSUMERS

TRANSACTION OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

TYPE 1
SELLING POINT

STEAM FIELD
Developed and Operated by PGE (others)

POWER PLANT
Developed and Operated by PLN (others)

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION

TYPE 2
SELLING POINT

STEAM FIELD

POWER PLANT

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
Developed and Operated by PLN (others) ( )

Developed and Operated by PGE (or and others)

TYPE 3
SELLING POINT SELLING POINT

STEAM FIELD
Developed and Operated by PGE

POWER PLANT
Developed and Operated by other p y company

ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
Developed and Operated by PLN

Sumber Presentasi Dirut PLN, Bappenas Desember 2008

GEOTHERMAL AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DIVERSIFICATION ENERGY FOR FOSIL ENERGY SUBSTITUTION

OIL CONSUMPTION ENERGY TO GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION

COAL CONSUMPTION TO GEOTHERMAL UTILIZATION

100 MW INSTALLED CAPACITY

4.250 BOEPD OF OIL

100 MW INSTALLED CAPACITY

864 TONNE / DAY OF COAL

ECONOMIC
SUBSITITUTION PRICE

TECHNOLOGY
TREND OF PRICING DEPENDENCY RELATED TO INCREASING OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL MARKET (UNCERTAINTY) THE INCREMENTAL OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL MARKET WHICH IS TRIGERRED TECHNOLOGY IN COAL/BIOFUEL PROCESSING

ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERNALIZED ENVIROMENTAL COST RELATED TO GAS EMMISION

Current State and Challenges

Is geothermal an expensive energy?

If we consider the fuel export effect and the environmental cost, geothermal energy is not p ,g gy expensive energy for the society
Item Selling Price Loss of fuel export opportunity cost Environmental cost (/kWh) (/kWh) (/kWh)
Geothermal

Hydro 11.5 11 5 0.0

Coal 5.5 55 1.8 1.8

Natural Gas 7.7 77 6.0 0.9

Oil (Diesel) 17.1 17 1 8.0 1.6

Remarks In case of IRR=18% Oil 50$/BBL, Coal : 35 US $ /ton, /t LNG 8.6U$/MMBTU from table below ditto ditto

8.7 87 0.0

(Sulfur dioxide) (Nitrongen oxide) (Carbon dioxide)

(/kWh) (/kWh) (/kWh)

(0.01) (0.00) (0.02)

(0.00) (0.00) (0.01)

(0.33) (0.49) (0.98)

(0.01) (0.34) (0.52)

(0.38) (0.45) (0.74)

Total

(/kWh)

8.7
Geothermal

11.5
Hydro

9.1
Coal 10.39 4.31 975

14.6
Natural Gas 0.22 2.96 519

26.7
Oil (Diesel) 12.00 4.00 742 Price of Emission @ 700$/ton (*4) @ 2,500$/ton (*4) @ 10$/ton

Emission of Pollutants Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxide Carbon dioxide (lb/MWh) (*1) (lb/MWh) (*2) (kg/MWh) (*3)

0.35 0.00 15

0.00 0.00 11

*2 A Guide to Geothermal and the Environmental: Geothermal Energy Association USA (2005) See Fig.1.7) *3 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan CRIEPI Review No. 45,2001 Nov) (See Fig 1.8) *4 US Emission Market 2006, April

( (Source) ) *1 A Guide to Geothermal and the Environmental: Geothermal Energy Association USA (2005) See Fig.1.6)

(Source : JICA Geoth.Dev. Masterplan Team, Feb 2007

ENERGY REFORMATION
Decreasing of Oil and gas Resources Dependency of consumption Coordination Consumption crude Controling oil for of energy Energy
Broker Action
Export Import Transportation /Tanker Insurance

ENERGY CRISIS (Oil and Gas)

Apreciation f i i for using of non crude oil i f d il consumption

Fiscal Business

Price Diparsity
Sensitive Smuggling

Surrounding

Non oil and gas Energy Resources Coal Nuclear GEOTHERMAL

Market (consumer) Added Value

Economical Accupation p opportunity

Utilizing

Partisipation
Togetherness/ Justice

KEN (PP No. 3/2005; PP No. 5/2006) : UTILIZING OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ~ 5 % ENERGY MIX ON 2025

Geothermal Energy Vs Fuels + Coal

Geothermal, water, solar & wind Clean Energy Environment (renewable energy)

Crude oil, gas & Batubara (un-renewablet energy)

geothermal

Perbandingan penggunaan energi :

RENEWABLE Vs UNRENEWABLE

source : GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION OFFICE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGYS CONTRIBUTION

DIVERSIFICATION FUEL (CRUDE OIL) THRIFTY 2 JUTA SBM PERTAHUN DEMAND OF ELECTRICITY BY INDUSTRY AND SOCIETY
WATER HEATER(OFFICE & COMMUNITY) AGRI CULTURE MUSHROOM CULTIVATION, ETC ROAD, BRIDGE TOURIST DESTINATION EDUCATION

ELECTRICITY

DIRECT USE

INFRA-STRUCTURE

THANK YOU