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Problem 3.10
V , -p ê 2 < f < p ê 2
V Hf, zL = :
-V , p ê 2 < f < 3 p ê 2
: mn > = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ‡ f ‡ z V Hf, zL : > sin J ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N , m ∫ 0
3 pê2 npz
p L Im Hn p b ê LL -pê2
A 2 L cos m f
Bmn 0 sin m f L
The range of f integration has been shifted to be convenient for V (can be done since it's periodic). For m, n ∫ 0:
n p z i pê2 y cos m f
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ‡ z sinJ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N jj‡
: mn > = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ f - ‡ fzz : >
3 pê2
p L Im Hn p b ê LL 0 L k -pê2 { sin m f
A 2V L
Ä É
n p z L 1 ÅÅÅ sin m f pê2 sin m f 3 pê2 ÑÑÑÑ
Bmn pê2
2 V @1 - H-1Ln D 4 sinHm p ê 2L
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ : >
n m p2 Im Hn p b ê LL
= ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
0
A useful table from the CRC handbook of Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae (30th edition):
H-1Ln
sin n p 0 0 0 0 0
cos n p +1 -1 +1 +1
sin n p ê 2 H-1LHn-1Lê2
cos n p ê 2 H-1Lnê2
0 0 0
0 -1 +1
from which we deduce that Amn = 0 for even m and Amn ∂ H-1LHm-1Lê2 for odd m. Am0 = 0 = Bm0 from
sinHn p z ê LL§n=0 = 0 and B0n = 0 since sin m f§m=0 = 0. Also A0n = 0 because the f integral is over V Hf, zL only
which is odd in the given range. Since Amn ∂ 1 - H-1Ln it vanishes for even n, and the factor is 2 for odd n.
Finally:
16 V H-1LHm-1Lê2
n m p2 Im Hn p b ê LL
Amn = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ , n, m odd ; all other coefficients vanish
2
H-1LHm-1Lê2
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ cosHm fL sinJ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N IJ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N
FHv, f, zL = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ „ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
npz npv
n m p2 Im Hn p b ê LL
16 V
p2 L L
n,m odd
(b) For b ê L ` 1, which means v ê L ` 1 since v § b, we have from the asymptotic expansion 3.102:
Im Hn p v ê LL Hn p v ê 2 LLm ê H2 m + 2L!
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ º J ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N
v m
Im Hn p b ê LL Hn p b ê 2 LLm ê H2 m + 2L!
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ º ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
b
One might worry that the arguments to Im are not strictly always small since n ranges to infinity, but in a com-
pletely handwaving manner one may hope that the effects of increasing n in numerator and denominator magi-
cally cancel out. For those of you who are rightly dubious you can probably go to the series expansion (Gradsh-
teyn and Ryzhik 8.445):
and use the binomial theorem etc. to figure out the specifics. If you manage do please tell. Anyway at z = L ê 2
and seeing from our table that sin Hn p ê 2L§n odd = H-1LHn-1Lê2 :
H-1LHm-1Lê2
FHv, f, zL º ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ „ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ H-1LHn-1Lê2 cosHm fL J ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N
16 V v m
p2 n m p2 b
n,m odd
H-1Ln ¶ H-1Lm
= ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ „ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ‚ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ cos@H2 m + 1L fD J ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ N
¶
16 V v 2 m+1
p2 2 n + 1 m=0 2 m + 1 b
16 V p ¶ H-1Lm 1
n=0
Looking up the math handbook (do the trig if you like) gives tan-1 z1 ≤ tan-1 z2 = tan-1 @Hz1 ≤ z2 L ê H1 ¡ z1 z2 LD:
i ‰Â f v ê b + ‰- f v ê b yz i 2 Hv ê bL cos f y
FHv, f, zL º ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ tan-1 jjjj ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zz = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ tan-1 jj ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zz
H‰ Â f v ê bL H‰-Â f v ê bL z k 1 - v2 ê b2 {
2V 2V
k {
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
p 1 - p
Exactly as you should have found in 2.13. Note the shorter route to summing the series, those of you who're
interested.
3
Problem 3.11
(a) The standard way to show orthogonality is to integrate the differential equation, in this case 3.77:
1 i y i n2 y
0 = ÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ jj r ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Jn Hk rLzz + jjjjk 2 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn Hk rL
r r k r { k r2 {
(1)
Act on both sides with the integral operator Ÿ0a r r Jn H rL and integrate stuff by parts:
ij y i n2 y y
0 = ‡ j r ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Jn Hk rLzz Jn H rL + ‡ r jjjj r k 2 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn Hk rL Jn H rLzzzz
k r {
a a
k r { {
r ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÄÅ ÉÑa
r
Å Ñ Jn Hk rL Jn H rL i n2 y y
0 0
r 0 r r 0 k r { {
We're given that the first term vanishes at the lower limit r = 0 (is it just me or is this trivial, because r = 0 at
r = 0??). The other condition says
Jn Hk rL Jn H rL i n2 y y
0 = -l Jn H aL Jn Hk rL - ‡ r r ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ + ‡ r jjjj r k 2 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn Hk rL Jn H rLzzzz
a a
r r k r { {
Jn H rL Jn Hk rL i n2 y y
0 0
0 r r 0 k r { {
In the last step I've just renamed k ¨ . Subtracting the second line from the first gives what we want:
0 = ‡ r r Ik 2 - 2 M Jn Hk rL Jn H rL = Ik 2 - 2 M ‡ r r Jn Hk rL Jn H rL
a a
0 0
since it means that unless k 2 = 2 (in which case the right-hand-side is trivially 0) the integral must vanish.
H f 2 L
Now normalization. This time act on (1) with Ÿ0a r r2 Jn Hk rL ê r and use f ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ = ÅÅÅÅ1Å ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ :
f
(b)
r 2 r
4
i Jn Hk rL y Jn Hk rL
0 r
2 0 0 r 2 0 r
Jn Hk rL
k2 ‡ r r2 Jn Hk rL ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ = k 2 Ar2 Jn2 Hk rLE0 - k 2 ‡ r Jn Hk rL ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Ar2 Jn Hk rLE
a a a
0 r 0 r
= k 2 a2 Jn2 Hk aL - 2 k 2 ‡ r r Jn Hk rL Jn Hk rL
a
Jn Hk rL
0
-k 2 ‡ r Jn Hk rL r2 ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
a
0 r
Move the last term to the left, divide everything by 2, and we get
Jn Hk rL
k2 ‡ r r2 Jn Hk rL ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ = ÅÅÅÅÅ k 2 a2 Jn2 Hk aL - k 2 ‡ r r Jn Hk rL Jn Hk rL
a 1 a
0 r 2 0
Getting back to (3), and using (2) to get rid of the derivative in the evaluation of the first term at r = a:
Ä É
1 ÅÅÅÅij Jn Hk rL yz2 ÑÑÑÑa 1 2 2 2
0 = ÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅj r ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ z ÑÑÑ + ÅÅÅÅÅ k a Jn Hk rL - k 2 ‡ r r Jn Hk rL Jn Hk rL - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ AJn2 Hk rLE
a
2 ÅÇk r { ÑÖ0 2
a n2
0 2 0
Note that Jn H0L is not generally 0! For instance J0 H0L = 1 which we can see from the series expansion 3.82.
a2 ij l2 - n2 y
‡ ÅÅÅÅÅ jjj1 +
2 Hk rL = ÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn2 Hk aL + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Jn2 H0L
a n2
2 k k 2 a2 {
r r Jn
0 2 k2
Actually it is more useful for later comparison to leave the derivative as is:
a2 i n2 y ij Jn Hk rL yz2
‡ r r Jn2 Hk rL = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ jjjj1 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn2 Hk aL + j ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ z + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Jn2 H0L
a2 n2
k r {
a
2 k k 2 a2 {
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
0 2 2 k2
In general proving completeness of a set of functions is a lengthy process which I will forego here. Consult a
math handbook if you're interested, for instance chapter 9 of Arfken which deals with Sturm-Liouville theory. In
our case the differential operator in (1) can be put into self-adjoint form by multiplying it by x:
Now the necessary and sufficient condition for self-adjointness is that p£ HxL = qHxL where pHxL = x is the coeffi-
cient of the second-order term and qHxL = 1 the coefficient of the first-order term, which is obviously satisfied. In
Quantum Mechanics terminology a self-adjoint operator is Hermetian, and just as in there their eigenfunctions
form a complete set. With this in mind we can write
n=1
a
To extract An we do the usual acting on both side with Ÿ0a r r Jn Hynn r ê aL:
ÄÅ 2 É
a a a
n2 2 ÑÑÑÑ
0 0
ÅÅ a i
m=1
n2 y ij Jn Hk rL yz2
= „ Am dmn ÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ jjjj1 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ zzzz Jn2 Hk aL + j ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ z + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ Jn H0LÑÑÑ
¶
ÅÅÇ 2 k ÑÑÖ
a2
k 2 a2 { k r {
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
2 2 k2
Ä É-1 a
m=1
If you find out what Jackson did with the Jn2 H0L term please let me know.
Problem 3.12
(a) In cylindrical coordinates we can expand F as in 3.106 (remember that we want finiteness for all of
z ¥ 0). Since we have azimuthal symmetry it must be that there is no f dependence, i.e. all the Am 's and Bm 's
vanish except for B0 ª AHkL:
with Ÿ0¶ v v J0 H vL at z = 0:
Using the orthogonality condition 3.108 and the z = 0 boundary condition F§z=0 = V QHv - aL, act on both sides
‡ v FHv, f, zL v J0 H vL = ‡ k AHkL ‡ v v J0 Hk vL J0 H vL
¶ ¶ ¶
0 0 0
V‡ v v J0 H vL = ‡
a ¶ 1 1
k AHkL ÅÅÅÅÅ dH - kL = ÅÅÅÅÅ AHL
k
v v J0 Hk vL
0 0
AHkL = k V ‡
a
k 0 k 0
FHv, f, zL = a V ‡ k J1 Hk aL ‰-k z J0 Hk vL
¶
(b) Perpendicular above the center of the disk means v = 0. Using J0 H0L = 1and Gradshteyn and Ryzhik
6.611:
è!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
b-n I a2 + b2 - aM
x ‰-a x Jn Hb xL =
n
‡ è!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ , Re n > -1 and ReHa ≤ Â bL > 0
¶
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
0 a2 + b2
è!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
i y
FH0, f, zL = a V ‡ k J1 Hk aL ‰ è!!!!!!!! !!!!!!
ÅÅÅÅ!ÅÅÅÅÅÅ = V jjj 1 - ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
è!!!!!!!! ! ÅÅÅÅ!ÅÅ zzz
!!!!!
¶ z2 + a2 - z z
k a2 + z2 {
-k z = a V ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
0 a z 2 + a2
Above the edge is at v = a. Setting n = 0 in 3.87, we find that W-1 = W+1 [as an aside: W-n = H-1Ln Wn
holds for arbitrary n œ ]. Setting n = 0 in 3.88, we find 2 W£0 = W-1 - W+1 = -2 W1 . Thus J1 HxL = -J0 HxL ê x:
(c)
FHa, f, zL = a V ‡ k J1 Hk aL ‰-k z J0 Hk aL = -a V ‡
k J0 Hk aL ‰-k z ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ J0 Hk aL
¶ ¶
0 0 Hk aL
0 Hk aL 0
From 3.91 we know that J0 Hk aL remains finite as k Ø ¶, so the upper limit of the first term is just 0. Also we
move the last term to the other side and get
ij yz
‡ x ‰-a x J02 Hb xL = ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
è!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!! ! ÅÅ K jjj ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
!! è!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!! ! !! Å zzz
¶ 2 2b
p a2 + 4 b2 k a2 + 4 b2 {
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
ÅÅÅÅ
i y
ÅÅÅÅÅ!ÅÅÅ! Å K jjj ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ!Å!ÅÅÅ zzz
0
ij y
j1 + ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ KHkLzz , k ª ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
è!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!
ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ!Å!ÅÅÅ
k {
V zk 2a
FHa, f, zL = ÅÅÅÅÅÅ ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ
2 pa z2 + 4 a2