AENG 233 Agricultural Process Engineering

Name: Renel M . Alucilja Professor: Dr. Ernesto P. Lozada

Date Performed: November 26, 2010 Date Submitted: December 2, 2010 Exercise No. 3 Resistance Data for Rice

I. Introduction Friction losses through agricultural products has been established for several crops especially. These friction losses are a vital data on which engineers rely on designing bins, silos and dryers. Most of the crops that have available data are corn and soybeans. For rice, there are existing data that can be found but are yet to be established or verified. In evaluation the friction loss, this paper limits the evaluation by comparing the static head at the base of the bin or the perforated floor. Considering that the air on top of the grain is zero, the reading on the static head is actually the pressure drop along the depth of the grain at a given air flow rate. This will established a required power input need for the certain air mass flow rate passing through.

II. Objectives: At the end of the exercise the student must be able to: 1. Established a model for Friction losses on air passing through a depth of grain. 2. To familiarize the student on the process on determining the head loss through a depth of grain. III. Materials 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Portable ventilator Measuring Tape Hose pipet water Pitot-tube Dwyer Manometer Improvised air duct (4.5) Improvised Grain bin Inverter

IV. Methodology 1. 2. 3. 4.

Setup the pipe duct, air ventilator and the grain bin as shown in figure 1. Fill the bin to a desired depth. Take reading of velocity in the pipe following the recommended static head. A split plot design for reading then be recorded at its desired depth at different static head. This can be achieved by regulating the air flow rate . 5. Take 3 readings of velocity at each depth in varying static head following the split splot design. 6. Analyze the data.

V. Figures/ Data Sheet a. Exercise setup

2 "2

i t o

5 .25 "

V -1

7 .45 "

4 .5 "

t e

1 '0

b. bin measurement

2 "2 1 "6

5 .25 "

Table 1. Data for Velocity and Pressure for Rice taken from Four Different Depth( 0.75 ft, 1.5 ft, 2.25 ft and 3 ft) and Four Different Air Pressure(0.5 in, 1.0 in , 1.5 in and 2 in of water) in Split Plot Design with Three(3) replications

Air Pressure(Static)

Pressure(in of water) and Velocity, ft/min Rep I Rep II A1(0.75 ft) Rep III

b1(0.5 in) b2(1.0 in) b3(1.5 in) b4(2.0 in) b1(0.5 in) b2(1.0 in) b3(1.5 in) b4(2.0 in) b1(0.5 in) b2(1.0 in) b3(1.5 in) b4(2.0 in) b1(0.5 in) b2(1.0 in) b3(1.5 in) b4(2.0 in)

0.09, 1200 0.21, 1800 0.33, 2400 0.49, 2800

0.10, 1300 0.21, 1900 0.34, 2350 0.50, 2810

0.09, 1250 0.22, 1900 0.36, 2400 0.48, 2800

A2(1.5 ft)
0.06, 1000 0.11, 1300 0.17, 1650 0.24, 1980 0.05, 1000 0.10, 1300 0.16, 1650 0.24, 1990 0.05, 950 0.10, 1320 0.16, 1600 0.25, 2000

A3(2.25ft)
0.04, 800 0.08, 1100 0.11, 1380 0.17, 1650 0.04, 850 0.08, 1150 0.11, 1400 0.17, 1650 0.035, 800 0.08, 1200 0.11, 1400 0.17, 1650

A4(3 ft)
0.03, 700 0.06, 1000 0.09, 1250 0.13, 1500 0.03, 700 0.06, 1050 0.09, 1200 0.14, 1500 0.03, 700 0.06, 1000 0.09, 1250 0.13, 1500

VI. Results and Discussion Results shows that the mean static head loss is directly proportional to the volume flow rate of air and depth of the grain. It show that as the depth is increase, their would be a corresponding head loss. Also an increase in the volume flow rate will also result to an increase of the Static head loss. Looking at the graph, one can easily estimate the expected head loss given the depth of the rice grain and the volume flow rate of air. The graph is then tested for different models of trend line. The results shows that the curve mostly fit to a logarithmic trend. (Graph 2.). The graph also shows that the coefficient of determination (r2) of both 4 graphs has a value ranging from 97 to 100. Which means that using this model will give a high predictability.

RATE OF AIR FLOW (Cu. Ft/min sq ft)

140 120

for Various Static Head Loss

Static Head Loss
0.5 1 1.5 2

Volume Flow Rate

100 80 60 40 20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Depth of Rice Grain

Graph 1:

RATE OF AIR FLOW (Cu. Ft/min sq ft)

for Various Static Head Loss
140 120

Volume Flow Rate

100 80 60 40 20 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Static Head Loss

0.5 1 1.5 2

Depth of Rice Grain

Graph 2:

V.

Appendices:

Computation: The volume flow rate of air per square feet is computed as follows.

Q=

Total Volume Flow QTOTAL Area of Bin A

QTOTAL=Velocity @ Pipe x Area of Pipe

Summary of Computation

Depth 0.75 1.5 2.25 3

0.5 1250 983.33 816.67 700

Velocity 1 1.5 2 1866.67 2383.33 2803.33 1306.67 1633.33 1990 1150 1393.33 1650 1016.67 1233.33 1500

Volume Flow Rate (ft3/sec)/Head (in water) 0.5 1 1.5 2 56.48 84.34 107.69 126.66 44.43 59.04 73.8 89.91 36.9 51.96 62.95 74.55 31.63 45.94 55.73 67.77