12 Which species represented by the following formulae has the largest radius?

12 Which species represented by the following formulae has the largest radius? A P3 B Cl C Ar D K+ 3 A P B Cl C Ar D K+

PERIOD 3 WS 2

6 13 Which of the following oxides is unlikely to dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide? 6 1 16 During of the following oxidesin a diaphragm cell, chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are 13 Which electrolysis of brine is unlikely to dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide? A Al O3 B MgO C SO2 D SiO2 16 During 2electrolysis of brine in a diaphragm cell, chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced. A Al 2O B MgO C SO2 D SiO2 produced. 3
An element of the third period products? 2 14 What is the molar ratio of these(Na to S) is heated in chlorine. The product is purified and then

What is the molar ratio of these products?

14 added to water. the hydrogen solution is found to be neutral. An element of The resulting (Na sodium hydroxide chlorine. The product is purified and then third period to S) is heated in chlorine added to water. The resulting solution is found to be neutral. chlorine hydrogen sodium hydroxide What is the element? 1 A 1 1 A 1 element? 1 1 What is the B 1 1 2 A sodium B 1 1 2 A C sodium 2 1 1 B aluminium C 2 1 1 B D aluminium 2 2 1 C silicon D 2 2 1 C silicon D phosphorus

3 17 Which statement explains theaqueous sodium chloride? ammonium chloride, but not in observation that magnesium hydroxide dissolves in aqueous

17 Which statement explains the observation that magnesium hydroxide dissolves in aqueous D phosphorus

15 ammonium chloride, but not in aqueous that occurs when calcium nitrate is heated strongly? Which equation represents the reaction sodium chloride? 15 A The ionic radius of the NH4reaction that occurs when calcium nitrate of Na+. strongly? Which equation represents the + ion is similar to that of Mg2+ but not that is heated Ca(NO3) Ca(NO2 2 + + 2 O A The ionic2 radius of the)NH4 ion is similar to that of Mg2+ but not that of Na+. B NH4Cl dissociates less fully than NaCl. 6 A Ca(NO )) Ca(NO2) O O2 Ca(NO + dissociates + N fully 2O2 B NH4Cl 33 22 + CaOless 22 + than NaCl. C The ions Na and Mg2+ are isoelectronic (have the same number of electrons). 13 C Ca(NO 3)of CaO +2+isO + 2O2 The chloride element Q B Ca(NO ) CaO + N2 hydrolysed by water to form an acidic solution and its oxide reacts are C The ions22 + and Mg 2NO2isoelectronic (have the same number of electrons). 3 Na 2 with The ionform+a salt. an acid. acid to NH acts as D 4 CaO + 2NO C Ca(NO )2 D 2Ca(NO3)2 + acts as an 4NO 2 2 D The ion3NH4 2CaO + acid.2 + O2 What could be) the element + 4NO + O Q? D 2Ca(NO3 2 2CaO 2 2 4 18 Sulphur dioxide is an important food preservative. A magnesium 18 Sulphur dioxide is an important food preservative. What property makes sulphur dioxide useful in this role? B aluminium What property makes sulphur dioxide useful in this role? C silicon A It is a gas. A It is a gas. D phosphorus B It is a reducing agent. B It is a reducing agent. C It reacts with oxygen to form sulphur trioxide. C It reacts with oxygen to formchange in ionic radius of the elements across the third period 14 D It reacts with water to form an acidic trioxide. Which diagram represents the sulphur solution. [Turn over 9701/1/M/J/02 6 (Na to Cl)? D It reacts with water to form an acidic solution. [Turn over 9701/1/M/J/02 5 13 The chloride of element Q is hydrolysed by water to form an acidic solution and its oxide reacts 19 with acid toA The anaesthetic a salt. form halothane, CF3CHBrCl , is made industrially as shown below. B C D 19 The anaesthetic halothane, CF3CHBrCl , is made industrially as shown below. HF Br2 What could be the element Q? HF Br2 CCl2=CHCl CF3CH2Cl CF3CHBrCl CCl2=CHCl 1 CF3CH2Cl 2CF3CHBrCl A magnesium stage stage stage 1 stage 2 B aluminium What type of reaction is occurring in stage 2? What type of reaction is occurring in stage 2? C silicon Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl Na Cl A electrophilic addition A electrophilic addition D phosphorus B electrophilic substitution B electrophilic substitution 6 15 C free radical substitution The propellant used in the solid rocket booster of a space shuttle is a mixture of aluminium and 14 Which diagram substitution contains chlorine in an oxidation state of +7. across the third period C free radical represents the change in ionic radius of the elements compound X. Compound X (Na to Cl)? D nucleophilic addition D nucleophilic addition Which of the following could be compound X? A B C D A NH4Cl B NH4ClO3 C NH4ClO4 D N2H5Cl

16 River water in a chalky agricultural area may contain Ca2+, Mg2+, CO2, HCO , Cl, and NO 9701/1/M/J/02 3 3 3 9701/1/M/J/02 ions. In a waterworks, such water is treated by adding a calculated quantity of calcium hydroxide. bilal hameed 1 What will be precipitated following the addition of calcium hydroxide?

400 C 500 C certain minimum energy. % NH3 at % NH3 at D 500 C 400 C 20 C 20 equilibrium equilibrium property 7 12 When dangerous chemicals are transported by road, vehicles must carry signs that indicate what measures should be taken in the event of a spillage of the chemical carried. 0 0 0 0 proportion proportion 10 were Which material must be used if there 3 20 a spillage of metallic sodium? 10 3 20 pressure / 10 kPa pressure / 10 kPa of of molecules molecules A ethanol

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 D 18 19 20 17 0 C atomic number0 40 40 energy energy 500 C 400 C D water spray % NH3 at What is the % NH3 at property? 20 20 equilibrium 8 13 In an experiment, 0.1 g samples of Na2O, MgO, Pequilibrium 2 are added to separate 100 cm3 4O10 and SO A atomic radius 13 Which species has the largest radius? 500 C 400 C volumes of water. 0 0 B first A P3 ionisation energy0 B Cl C Ar D K+0 10 10 20 For which oxide is the resulting mixture 20 alkaline? most pressure / 103 kPa pressure / 103 kPa C ionic radius B MgO C P4O10 D SO2 A Na2O 14 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. D melting point 9 16 Consecutive elements X, Y, Z are in the third period of the Periodic Table. Element Y has the The sketch graph shows the variationlowest melting point.chemical property with another for the highest first ionisation energy and the of one physical or 13 Group II elements. Which statement correctly describes what happens when silicon tetrachloride is added to water? What could be the identities of X, Y and Z? A The SiCl4 dissolves to give a neutral solution only. A aluminium, silicon, phosphorus B The SiCl4 reacts to give an acidic solution only. B magnesium, aluminium, silicon y and an acidic solution. C The UCLES 2008 SiCl4 reacts to give a precipitate9701/01/M/J/08 C silicon, phosphorus, sulfur D The SiCl4 reacts to give a precipitate and a neutral solution. D sodium, magnesium, aluminium x 10 The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting 14 solutions have the same effectthe axes? 17 What are the correctGroup forelements (beryllium to barium) decreases with increasing atomic Which property of labels II on litmus. number? What is element X? x-axis y-axis A reactivity with water A sodium mass number B A second atomic number ionisation energy B B magnesium number atomic melting point C solubility of hydroxides C C aluminium first ionisation energy atomic number D stability of the carbonates D D phosphorus first ionisation energy atomic55 radius
B

jets of water 2 1 0 sand 0

5 C 6

=CHCH=CH 1112 Crotonaldehyde, extracted from its ores, be obtained by oxidising butadiene, CH2[Turn over 2, 9 When copper is CH3CH=CHCHO, can the metal is not pure enough for electrical uses. The UCLES 2007 9701/01/O/N/07 using air or oxygen. One method isamounts of silver and gold, is purified by electrolysis. During impure copper, which contains small to pass a mixture of butadiene and oxygen through a hot aqueous solution of palladium(II) ions, Pd2+anode which is found to reaction.silver and traces of this process a sludge forms beneath the (aq), which catalyse the contain gold. 2+ Which UCLES 2010 statement is not correct about the action of the Pd (aq) ions? 9701/11/M/J/10 [Turn over Why is UCLES 2009 silver found in this sludge? 9701/11/O/N/09 [Turn over A Changing the concentration of the Pd2+(aq) will have an effect on the rate of the reaction. A Silver is less electropositive than copper. B Pd2+(aq) increases the energy of the reacting molecules. B Silver is more dense than copper and falls off the cathode. C Pd2+(aq) lowers the activation energy for the reaction. C Silver reacts with the electrolyte to form an insoluble chloride salt. D When Pd2+(aq) is used, the reaction proceeds by a different route. D Silver reacts with the electrolyte to form an insoluble sulfate salt. 13 Which oxide, when mixed with water, will produce the most acidic solution? 12
10 The diagram shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curve for molecules of a mixture of CO a SiO2 D P 2O5 A two gases at a given temperature. For C reaction to occur the molecules must collide together B CO2 with sufficient energy.

14 Which salt is produced by adding aqueous ammonia to aqueous sulphur dioxide until just alkaline? bilal hameed 2 A NH4SO3 B NH4SO4 C (NH4)2SO3 D (NH4)2SO4

8 2 Which factor helps to explain why the first ionisation energies of the Group I elements decrease 13 from lithium to sodium third period requires the least number of moles of oxygen for the complete 18 Which element of the to potassium to rubidium? combustion of 1 mol of the element? A The nuclear charge of the elements increases. A aluminium B The outer electron is in an s subshell. B magnesium C The repulsion between spin-paired electrons increases. C phosphorus D The shielding effect of the inner shells increases. D sodium
3 14 In the extraction of aluminium by the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide, why is cryolite added 19 to the aluminium oxide? Two properties of non-metallic elements and their atoms are as follows. A B to ensure the 1 has an is not oxidised form a strong acid in water property aluminium oxide that can to ensure the 2 has no paired 3p electrons property anode is not oxidised

C to lower the melting point of the aluminium oxide Which properties do phosphorus and sulfur have? D to prevent corrosion of the cathode 5 phosphorus sulfur 1512 One mole of magnesium, aluminium and sulphur are each completely burned in an excess of only 4 In A flooded soils, 2 oxygen gas.1 andlike those used1for rice cultivation, the oxygen content is low. In such soils, anaerobic bacteria cause the loss of nitrogen from the soil as shown in the following sequence. B 1 only 1 and 2 Which graph shows the moles of oxygen used in each case? In C which step andthe change in 1 and 2 number (oxidation state) of nitrogen different to the oxidation 1 is 2 changes in the other steps? A B D 2 only 1 only A B D moles of moles C of NO3(aq) N2(g) NO2(aq) NO(g) oxygen oxygen N2O(g) 20 When gaseous chemicals are transported by road or by rail they are classified as follows. used used

flammable

non-flammable
0

poisonous
Mg Al D S

Which commonly 0 transported gas is non-flammable? Mg Al S A B C D butane

C

hydrogen moles of oxygen oxygen propene used

moles of oxygen used

9701/13/M/J/11

UCLES 2011

0 Mg Al S

Mg

Al

16 The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting 14
13 solutions researchers working in the USA believed that they had made a new element and that it In 1999, have the same effect on litmus. had the following electronic structure. What is element X? [Rn] 5f146d107s27p6. A sodium In which group of the Periodic Table would you expect to find this element? B magnesium A C II aluminium B IV C VI D 0

D phosphorus 14 Consecutive elements X, Y, Z are in period 3 of the Periodic Table. Element Y has the highest UCLES 2010 9701/11/M/J/10 first ionisation energy and the lowest melting point. o 15 Aluminium chloride sublimes at 178 C. What could be the identities of X, Y and Z ? Which structure best represents the species in the vapour at this temperature? A sodium, magnesium, aluminium bilal hameed 3 A B C D B magnesium, aluminium, silicon
Cl C
aluminium, silicon, phosphorus Cl Cl
3+

7 13 17

burette

7 7

4 4 Iodine trichloride, ICl3, is made by reacting iodine with chlorine. Iodine trichloride, ICl3, is made by reacting iodine with chlorine. I2(s) + Cl2(g) 2ICl(s) ; H o = +14 kJ mol1 conical flask I2(s) + Cl2(g) 2ICl(s) ; H o = +14 kJ mol1 ICl(s) + Cl2(g) ICl3(s) ; H o = 88 kJ mol1 ICl(s) + Cl2(g) ICl3(s) ; H o = 88 kJ mol1 By using the data above, what is the enthalpy change of the formation for solid iodine trichloride? Which of the data above, what is the enthalpy change of the formationusing the iodine trichloride? By using these acid-base (neutralisation) reactions could be titrated for solid apparatus shown above tokJ mol1sharp end-point? A 60 give a A 60 kJ mol1 A sulphuric acid and aluminium oxide B 74 kJ mol1 B 74 kJ mol1 C 81 kJ mol1 B sulphuric acid and magnesium hydroxide C 81 kJ mol11 D 162 kJ mol C sulphuric acid and magnesium oxide D 162 kJ mol1 D sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide

8 18

In the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, why is it necessary to dissolve aluminium oxide in In the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, why is it necessary to dissolve aluminium oxide in molten cryolite? + molten cryolite? + 14 The species Ar, K and Ca2 are isoelectronic (have the same number of electrons). A to reduce the very high melting point of the electrolyte A to reduce the very high melting point of the electrolyte B cryolite provides the ions needed to carry the current In what order do theirthe ions needed to carry the current B cryolite provides radii increase? C cryolite reacts with the aluminium oxide to form ions C cryolite reacts with the aluminium oxide to form ions smallest D molten aluminium oxide alone largestnot conduct electricity would D molten aluminium oxide alone would+ conduct electricity not A Ar Ca2+ K
9

19 9

AB cheap carbon monoxide+ detectorCa2+a gas heater consists of a patch containing palladium for Ar K A cheap crystals. monoxide detector for ais present, the crystalsof a patch orange to black as the chloride carbon When carbon monoxide gas heater consists turn from containing palladium chloride crystals. When carbon monoxide is present, the crystals turn from orange to black as the C Ca2+ K+ Ar following reaction takes place. following reaction takes place. + 2+ D K Ar Ca CO(g) + PdCl2(s) + H2O(l) CO2(g) + Pd(s) + 2HCl(aq) Pd(s) CO(g) + PdCl2(s) + H2O(l) CO2(g) + black + 2HCl(aq) orange orange black Which is the element whose oxidation number decreases in this reaction? Which is the element whose oxidation number decreases in this reaction? A carbon A carbon B chlorine B chlorine C hydrogen C hydrogen D palladium 6 D palladium

20 Which element has the same oxidation number in all of its known compounds? 15
A B C D
bilal hameed

beryllium chlorine
9701/01/O/N/04

UCLES 2004

[Turn over

nitrogen sulphur
4

16 Due to their similar ionic radii, the reactions of lithium and magnesium and their corresponding compounds are very similar.

SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2

reaction 5 14 Which ion is most polarising? 21 A 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O 11 Why is 3+ ethanoic acid a stronger acid in liquid ammonia than in aqueous solution? A Al 8 B 3NO2 + H2O 2HNO3 + NO 2+ A Ammonia is a stronger base than water. B Ba C 2NO + O2 not a correct statement about iodine? 15 Which of the following is 2NO2 2+ B Ammonium ethanoate is completely ionised in aqueous solution. C D Mg 4NH3 + 6NO 5N2 + 6H2O A A crystal of iodine contains covalent bonds and van der Waals forces. C Ammonium ethanoate is strongly acidic in aqueous solution. + D Na B Iodine ammonia is a more polar solvent than water. D Liquid vapour is purple. 22 At the age of 17, in a woodshed in Ohio, Charles Martin Hall discovered the commercial process 9 C The first ionisation energy of iodine is the than that of bromine. for the production of aluminium metal by less electrolysis of a mixture of bauxite, Al2O3, and 12 cryolite, Na3AlF6. of the rateis ofagreater thermal stability than that ofby raising the temperature by It is oftenhydride iodine of typical reaction is roughly doubled bromine. D The said that 10 C. What is the main purpose of the cryolite? UCLES 2004 9701/01/M/J/04 [Turn over 16 What explains this observation? 3 Mixing aqueous silver nitrate and aqueous sodium chloride produces a precipitate. 3+ ions which can be A Al2O3 is covalent, and AlF 6 ions interact with it to produce Al A discharged at reagent to the10 C doubles the average energy of each molecule. Raising the temperature by Addition of which the cathode. mixture gives a colourless solution?

B aqueous ammoniaforming 10 C with bauxite, enabling aluminium molecules. B Cryolite the temperature byNaAlOdoubles6the average velocity of the to be discharged at the A Raising is a base, 2 C anode. the temperature by 10 C doubles the number of molecular collisions in a given time. Raising B aqueous potassium iodide 3 11 C the diagram, curvethewas obtained bydoubles the number of molecules having more than 3 In Raising the temperature by 10 C observing the D Cryolite reduces X melting point of the bauxite. decomposition of 100 cm of 1.0 mol dm a hydrogen hydrochloric acid C dilute peroxide, catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide. certain minimises the release of O2 ions at the graphite anodes, which are otherwise burnt D Cryoliteminimum energy.

away to CO.acid dilute nitric

X 13 23 A mixture of the oxides of two elements of the third period is dissolved in water. The solution is

10 When 0.20 molneutral. list of all and 0.15 mol of iodine gas are heated at 723 K until equilibrium is 17 approximately of hydrogen gas the products from the reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid with Which is the complete established, the equilibrium mixture is found to contain 0.26 mol of hydrogen iodide. potassium bromide? What could be the constituents of the mixture? volume of The equation for the reaction is as follows. A potassium hydrogensulphate and hydrogen bromide oxygen A Al2O3 and MgO formed B potassium hydrogensulphate, hydrogen bromide and bromine H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) B Na2O and MgO C potassium hydrogensulphate, hydrogen bromide, bromine What is theand P Oexpression for the equilibrium constant Kc? and water C Na2O correct 10 4 D potassium hydrogensulphate, hydrogen bromide, bromine, water and sulphur dioxide 2 0.26 D SO3xand P4O10 A 0 0.20 x 0.15 0 time 24 Sulphur dioxide is an important food preservative. 18 2 (2 x 0.26) 14 B Aluminium chloride catalyses certain reactions by forming carbocations (carbonium ions) with Which alteration shown. 0.20 x 0.15 chloroalkanes asto the original experimental conditions would produce curve Y? Which property makes sulphur dioxide useful in this role? A adding water (0.26)2 RCl + AlCl3 R+ + AlCl C It is a gas. 4 A 0.07 x 0.02 B adding some 0.1 mol dm3 hydrogen peroxide Which is a reducing agent. reaction possible? B It property makes this (0.26)2 C D using less manganese(IV) oxide 0.13 is with C AlCl x 0.13 oxygen to form A It reactsa covalent molecule. sulphur trioxide. 3 D lowering the temperature D AlCl3 exists as the to form an acidic solution. B It reacts with waterdimer Al2Cl6 in the vapour.

2512 C The aluminium atom in AlCl 3bonding incompletebe described as ionic with some covalent Which chlorine compound has has an that can octet of electrons.
character? 9701/1/M/J/03 D The chlorine atom in RCl has a vacant p orbital. A NaCl B MgCl2 C AlCl3 D SiCl4

13 Al Cl3 reacts with LiAl H4 and (CH3)3N to give (CH3)3NAl H3. Which statement about (CH3)3NAl H3 is correct? A B C It contains hydrogen bonding. It is dimeric. The Al atom has an incomplete octet of electrons.
5 9701/01/O/N/06
9701/1/M/J/03

[Turn over

bilal UCLES 2006 hameed

The bonds around the Al atom are tetrahedrally arranged.

1, 2 and 3 are 1 and 2 only are 2 and 3 only are 1 only is correct product reactant 3 are 1, 2 correct product correct are 2 and reactant and 1 and 2 only 3 only correct are 1 only is correct heat correct correct correct T

13 Why is an atmosphere of represents the reaction of sulphur 26 Which of these equationsargon used around the cathode? dioxide with an excess of aqueous No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

sodium hydroxide? statements is used as No other combination of can be drawn from this a correct response. Which conclusions information? A The argon keeps the strontium molten. A SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 13 1 The reaction is the the empirical formula CH high 31 B The argon stopsexothermic in the forward direction. in the tube. Which compounds have molten strontium rising122O? too 31 B SOcompounds Na2the 3 + H2O formula CH2O? Which 2 + 2NaOH have SO empirical 2 34 Two bulbsequilibrium mixture contains a greaterargon forms on thehigher pressures. shown. The manometer, C A thinR and S, compound by strontium and proportion ofheld insurface protecting the freshly 1 The film of a connected of a mercury Section B are Z at a thermostat, as methanal C SOof 2NaOH Na2SO + H2O volume 2 +R is twice that of S.4R contains gas, X, at the same pressure as the nitrogen in S. 1 formed metal. mixture contains a greater proportion of Z at higher temperatures. 3 methanal acid For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may 2 The equilibrium ethanoic D correct. 2NaOH Na2SO4 + H2 be SO2 + D ethanoic acid 2 Without the argon strontium oxide would form in the air. 3 methyl methanoate R 35 3 When decomposing in water, organic or is not oxidised tomay find it helpful acids. The water Decide whether each of the statements is refuse iscorrect (youS form carboxylic to put a tick against methyl methanoate 14 Which ion is mostbe preparedlife to be correct). becomes acidic polarising? 16 the statements that you consider is destroyed. A weedkiller can and aquatic by heating a bleach solution. 32 Which of the followingX are features of the structure of metallic copper? For Al 3+following to D should be selected on theto D nitrogen questions, A A theof the following are features of the structure should be selected on the basis of The responses A are suitable the responsesacid pollution? of Which additives to remove this 12basisof metallic copper? 32 Which heat 1 ionic bonds 2NaCl + NaCl O3 3NaCl O 2+ thermostat B Ba A B D 1 ionic bonds should be selected on the basis of C calcium to D carbonate weedkiller The responses A 12 delocalised electrons bleach 2+ C Mg manometer 2 calcium hydroxide 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only 23 delocalised electrons Whatlattice ofoxidation states of chlorine in these threeC are the ions compounds? + B Dis are A only are only D Na mercury are 3 potassium nitrate 3 lattice correct +5 of ions correct correct correct A 1 1, 2 and 3 are 1 1 and 2 only are 2 and 3 only are 1 only is correct correct correct correct the 33 When +1 temperature is increased, whichextraction bulb R would are correct? Which statements+5 about the commercial gases in of aluminium cause the mercury level in the B other combination of statements 1 No right-hand limb of the manometer tois used asGroup II element, strontium, or its compounds? rise? the a correct response. 33 Which properties about the commercial 2736 Which statementswould be expected for extraction of aluminium are correct? 33 C +1 1 1 The cathode +7 reaction is Al 3+ + 3e as correct response. No other combination of statements is used aAl. 11 an equilibrium mixture N2F4(g) 2NF positive When heated in strontium 2(g); Hburn. 12 The cathode +7 oxygen,Al 3+cell ofdoes not cathode. 31 The are featureselectrolytic + 3e Al. metallic D Whichlining of reaction is structureacts as the copper? +2 +1 the of the UCLES 2004 9701/01/M/J/04 [Turn over 11 22 an equilibrium mixture CH3NC(g) CH3CN(g); H negative 33 The 1On alining heated, purified Alcarbonateanthe. cathode. reaction (H = +3 kJ mol1). 23 conversion of theis strontium cell acts as endothermic give strontium oxide. The being of graphite into diamondNa3AlF6 electrolytic 2O3 in is decomposes to The electrolyte lattice of ions Section 33 nitrogenstrontium oxide is added to water, the B When 3 2 delocalised electrons Al2O3 in Na3AlF6C(diamond) alkaline. The electrolyte is purified C(graphite) . solution is For Which of questions this section, one or more of the three numbered by a bunsen to 3 may of 34 each 3 the the bonds in magnesium compounds lose mass when heated statements 1 flame? be 34 ionic following 28 Which statements concerning the third period elements (sodium to argon) and their compounds 9701/1/M/J/02 35 Which statements are correct? correct. 34 are correct? following magnesium compounds lose mass when heated by a bunsen flame? Which of the 1 magnesium carbonate Decide whether the Data the statements is or is not correct (you may find that of graphite. a tick against 1 Use of each of Booklet is relevant to of diamond is smaller than it helpful to put The enthalpy change of atomisation this question. 32 12 The elementscarbonate to be correct). magnesium consider 1 magnesium nitrate the statements that youbecome more electronegative from sodium to chlorine. 2 The bond energy of the CC bonds in graphite is greater than that in diamond. 23 Aluminium oxidehydrochloricoxideaccordinginsoluble in water. magnesium oxide 2 Zinc reacts with is the only acid which is to the following equation. magnesium nitrate The responses A to D should be selected on thediamond is greater than that of graphite. 3 2004 enthalpy change of combustion of basis of The UCLES 9701/01/O/N/04 3 The maximum oxidation state is shown2HCl ZnCl 2 + H2 Zn + by silicon. 3 magnesium oxide

A C D Which statements statements are 29 34 Which of the followingare correct? B correct for the sequence of compounds below considered
36 Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. from[All volumes are measured at room conditions.] left to right? 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only The element astatine lies below only are Group VII7ofonly Periodic Table. iodine in the are are is bilal hameed 1 A 3.27 MgO NaF Al N SiC g sample of zinc reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid to give 0.050 mol of zinc correct correct correct 9701/1/O/N/02 correct chloride. What will be the properties of astatine? 1 The electronegativity difference between the elements in each compound increases. 2 A 6.54 g sample of zinc reacts completely with exactly 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm3 hydrochloric 9701/1/O/N/02 1 It forms diatomic molecules which dissociate are isoelectronic chlorinethe same number of 2 combination of statements is used as a correct response.than (have molecules. The acid. formula-units of these compounds more readily No other electrons). 2 It reacts explosively with hydrogen. 3 A 13.08 g sample of zinc reacts with an excess of hydrochloric acid to give 9.60 dm3 of 3 The hydrogen. bonding becomes increasingly covalent. 3 It is a good reducing agent.

30 It is suggested that the solid deposits of ammonium compounds on the leaves of trees found in 31
33 Which statements are caused by the of the Brnsted-Lowry food preservative? 35 areas of high pollution are correct in termsfollowing reaction.as a theory of acids and bases? Which statements are reasons why sulphur dioxide is used 37 Nitrogen and oxygen react in a hot car engine to form nitrogen monoxide which is a serious pollutant Water can act as in the an acid or a base. in our cities and either countryside. However, nitrogen and oxygen do not react at room 1 2NH3 + SO3 + H2O (NH 1 It is a reducing agent and therefore an anti-oxidant. 4)2SO4 temperature. 2 Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, does not behave as an acid when dissolved in ethanol, C2H5OH. 2 It of these alcohols forming reaction? Which prevents take placeexplain sour-tasting acids.oxygen do not react at room temperature? this why nitrogen and Which statements help to inacts as a base when dissolved in liquid ammonia. 3 The ammonium ion 3 It does not smell and therefore can be used in more than trace quantities. 1 Theacid-baseis endothermic. an reaction reaction 1

2 A high activation energy is required. ionic bond formation 2 36 Why is the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid to solid potassium iodide unsuitable for the 3 Nitrogen has areduction energy. oxidation hydrogen iodide? preparation of and high bond 3
UCLES 2011 9701/13/M/J/11

iodide is not displaced by9701/01/M/J/07 sulphuric acid. [Turn over 32 One explanation of the explosion at the Chernobyl6nuclear power plant in 1986 is that the graphite bilal hameed Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine. 2 reactor overheated and reacted with the cooling water according to the following equation. 3 The product is contaminated by sulphur compounds.

1 Hydrogen UCLES 2007

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response. 3 Mg(NO3)2 12 31 31 When ammonia, NH3, is produced in a school or college laboratory, it is usually dried before

The responses Aaddition of concentratedon the basis of to solid potassium iodide unsuitable for the 36 being is the to D should be selected sulphuric acid Why collected. preparation of hydrogen iodide? Which drying agents may be used to dry ammonia? A B C D 1 Hydrogen iodide is not displaced by sulphuric acid. 14 1 calcium oxide, CaO 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 only 2 Iodide ions are oxidised to iodine. are only only is 2 phosphorus(V)should P4O10 are on the basis of are oxide, be selected The responses A to D 3 The product is contaminated by sulphur compounds. correct correct correct correct 3 concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4 A B C D 32 other combination on statements is used as gas ND3? response. No Which mixtures, of heating, produce the a correct 37 32 Zirconium,and proton number1 and 2 metal which is used3 corrosion-resistant alloys. 40, is a 1, Zr, 3 2 and in 1 only [D = 2 H 2 an isotope of hydrogen] 1 , are only are only are is the following sequence of reactions. Zirconium N2H , extracted correct a rocket fuel because it reacts with oxygen as shown, 33 Hydrazine,metal 4is is widely from the oxide ZrO2 bycorrect correct ND4Cl(s) used as correct 1 CaO(s) and producing environmentally friendly gases. 2 CH3reaction 1 ZrO2 + 2Cl 2 + 2C ZrCl 4 + 2CO CN and NaOD in D2O No other combinationH4(l) + O2(g) is used as aO(g) H N of statements N2(g) + 2H2 correct response. = 534 kJ mol1 reaction22NaOD in + 2Mg Zr + 2MgCl 2 ZrCl 4 D O 3 NDH3Cl and 2 Despite its use as about this extraction process are correct? Which statements a rocket fuel, hydrazine does not spontaneously burn in oxygen. 33 34 Water is added to anhydrous aluminium chloride to make a 0.1 mol dm-3 solution. 38 WhyCarbon in reaction 1a primaryas a reducingcannot be dehydrated to form an alkene? Which structures show burn spontaneously? agent. does hydrazine not behaves alcohol that 1 Which observations are correct? 1 CH3OH 2 Magnesium in reaction too high. 1 The activation energy is 2 behaves as a reducing agent. 1 The reaction is endothermic. 2 CH3CH in reaction 1 behaves 3 Chlorinebond 2 The NN 2OH is very strong. as a reducing agent. 2 The solution is acidic. 3 CH3CH(OH)CH3 3 Hydrazine is a liquid. 3+ 3 The solution contains the ion [Al(H2O)6correct? 33 Which statements about covalent bonds are ] .

39 In A reaction 12 34 Compound X between an one bondand HCN catalysed by NaCN, which statements about the 34 1 the triple bond consists of aldehyde and two bonds. 2
35 The electronic structure of the outer shell of the element radium is 7s . reaction mechanism are true? 2 The electronD shouldin a selected on the basis ofthe axis between the two bonded atoms. is highest along The responses A to density be bondelectricity when in a liquid state, does not conduct Which new carbon-carbon bond is formed. within its group? 1 A statements will be correct for radium 3 A bond restricts rotation about the bond axis. 2 In the intermediate, the oxygen carries a negative charge. 1 The element when added to water produces a hydrogen. readily conducts electricity. A will decompose water, liberating solution that B C D
WhatThe2element will show anand 2 could X stage involves1 oxidation number of andin all its compounds. 3 the formation of a hydrogen-oxygen bond. only 2 1, last be? and 3 2 +2 3 1 are only are only are is 14 3 Radium has first ionisation energy. 1 2010 correct the highestcorrect UCLESMgCl2 9701/12/O/N/10 correct correct

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The2responses A to D should be selected on the basis of SiCl4 36 other combination of statements is used as a aqueous sodium hydroxide, the reaction that occurs When the yellow liquid NCl3 is stirred into correct response. No can be A 3 PCl3 represented by the following equation. B C D 1, 2 and 3 1 and one 2 (aq) + 1 only 35 34 Which pairs 2NCl3(l) + 6NaOH(aq) Nthat + 3NaCland 3 3NaOCl (aq) + 3H2O(l) of compounds contain 2 2(g) is giant ionic and one that is simple molecular? are only are What O3 be Al Cl 6 reaction? 1 Al 2will andthe 2result of thiscorrect correct
2 2007 nitrogen 1 The UCLES SiO2 and SiCl 4is

only are correct

is correct
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oxidised. 9701/01/O/N/07 No other combination of statements is used as a correct response. 3 PA bleaching solution remains after the reaction. 2 4O10 and PCl 3

3634 3 The final solution gives a precipitate with acidified silver nitrate. Which statements are correct?
35 When coal is burnt, gaseous oxides of carbon and sulphur are formed which pollute the atmosphere. One method of preventing such give an acidic solution. calcium carbonate to the 1 Aluminium chloride dissolves in water to pollution involves adding burning coal. The temperature of the process causes the decomposition of the calcium carbonate 2 Magnesium chloride dissolves in water to give a slightly acidic solution. into calcium oxide.

3 Sodium chloride dissolves in water to to reduce atmospheric pollution? Which reactions will be important in helpinggive an alkaline solution.
1 Calcium oxide reacts with sulphur dioxide to form calcium sulphite. 35 Which oxides react with water to give a 9701/01/M/J/06pH 10 or higher? solution of 2 Calcium oxide reacts with sulphur dioxide and more air to form calcium sulphate. 1 CaO 3 to bilal hameed Calcium oxide reacts with carbon monoxide 7 form calcium carbonate. 2 Na2O
UCLES 2006

concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4

37 Zirconium, Zr, proton number 40, is a metal which is used in corrosion-resistant alloys. 32 proportion of
molecules Zirconium metal is extracted from the oxide ZrO2 by the following sequence of reactions.

reaction 1

ZrO2 + 2Cl 2 + 2C ZrCl 4 + 2CO energy

reaction 2 ZrCl 4 + 2Mg Zr + 2MgCl 2 As temperature increases, which statements are correct? Which statements about this extraction process are correct? 1 The maximum of the curve is displaced to the right. 1 Carbon in reaction 1 behaves as a reducing agent. 2 The proportion of molecules with energies above any given value increases. 2 Magnesium in reaction 2 behaves as a reducing agent. 3 The proportion of molecules with any given energy increases. 3 Chlorine in reaction 1 behaves as a reducing agent.

38 Which statements concerning the third period elements (sodium to argon) and their compounds 34
33 are correct? Which statements about covalent bonds are correct? 1 1
2 2 3 3

A triple bond consists of one bond and two bonds. to chlorine. The elements become more electronegative from sodium
Aluminium oxide is the a bond is highest along in axis between the two bonded atoms. The electron density inonly oxide which is insolublethewater. The maximum oxidation state is shown bond axis. A bond restricts rotation about the by silicon.

35 A farmer spreads lime on land which has already been treated with a nitrogenous fertiliser. Which reactions will occur over a period of time?
UCLES 2010 9701/12/O/N/10

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1 2 3

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2NH+ (aq) Ca2+(aq) + 2NH3 + 2H2O 4

9701/1/O/N/03

bilal hameed