BLU RAY DISC

A Seminar report Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the graduate degree of

Bachelor of Technology In Electronics and communication By ALOK KUMAR MAURYA (Roll No: 0951131009) Under the guidance of Mr. GAURAV CHANDIL

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING G.L.BAJAJ GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS, MATHURA MATHURA- 281406 MAY 2012
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled BLU RAY DISC, is a record of bonafide work carried out by Mr. ALOK KUMAR MAURYA, under my guidance and supervision during the period 2011 to 2012 for partial fulfillment of the requirement for the graduate degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering, G.L.Bajaj Group Of Institutions, Mathura.

It is further certified that no part of this work has been submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Date:

(Mr. GAURAV CHANDIL) Assistant Professor (Deptt.of ECE) G.L.B.G.I., Mathura- 281406.

CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION

This is to certify that we have examined the seminar report entitled BLU RAY DISC, submitted by Mr. ALOK KUMAR MAURYA (a Graduate student of Electronics & Communication Engineering). We here by accord our approval of it as a study carried out and presented in manner required for its acceptance in partial fulfilment for the Graduate Degree for which it has been submitted.

This approval does not necessarily endorse or accept every statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn as recorded in this report.

It only signifies the acceptance of the report for the purpose for which it is submitted.

Examiners

Supervisor

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to thank everyone who helped to see this seminar to completion. In particular, I would like to thank my seminar supervisor Mr. GAURAV CHANDIL for his moral support and guidance to complete my seminar on time. Also I would like to thank to Ms. LIPSA DAS for her invaluable help and support.

I express my gratitude to all my friends and classmates for their support and help in this seminar.

Last, but not the least I wish to express my gratitude to God almighty for his abundant blessings without which this seminar

would not have been successful.

ALOK KUMAR MAURYA

ABSTRACT

Optical disks share a major part among the secondary storage devices.Bluray Disc is a nextgeneration optical disc format.

The technology utilizes a blue laser diode operating at a wavelength of 405 nm to read and write data. Because it uses a blue laser it can store enormous more amounts of data on it than was ever possible. Data is stored on BluRay disks in the form of tiny ridges on the surface of an opaque 1.1millimetrethick substrate. This lies

beneath a transparent 0.1mm

protective layer. With the help of

Bluray recording devices it is possible to record up to 2.5 hours of very high quality audio and video on a single BD. Bluray also promises some added security, making ways for copyright protections. Bluray discs can have a unique ID written on them to have copyright protection inside the recorded streams. Bluray disc takes the DVD technology one step further, just by using a laser with a nice color.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. Title 1. Introduction 1.1. Blu Ray Disc Structure 1.2. Highly flat and smooth cover layer 1.3. Phase change film for high speed recording 1.4. Super advanced rapid coding structure 2. Literature survey 2.1. First Generation 2.2. Second Generation 2.3. Third Generation 3. Basic BLU-Ray disc characterstics 3.1. Large Recording Capacity 3.2. High Speed 3.3. Resistant to Fingerprint and Scratches 3.4. BLU-Ray Founders 4. 5. BLU-Ray and HD-DVD Advantages 5.1. More Storage Capacity 5.2. High data transfer rate 5.3. Available in different versions 5.4. Backward Compatible
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Page No. 9 9 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 15 16 18 18 18 18 18

5.5. Strong content protection 5.6. Compatible with Analog and digital Transmission 5.7. Higher Disc Life 6. Applications` 6.1. High defination television /recording 6.2. High defination video distribution 6.3. High defiantion camcorder archiving 6.4. Mass Data storage 6.5. Digital Asset management & Professional storage 7. 8. 9. Future Development Conclusion References

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LIST OF FIGURES

S.No. 1. 2.

Figure name Structure of BD Cross section of disc

Page No. 9 25

LIST OF TABLES

S.No. Table Name 1. Specifications of BD

Page No. 11

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Bluray Disc Structure

Fig 1.Structure of bd The structure of the BD is as shown. The 0.1mm transparent cover layer is made of a spincoated UV resin. It is formed by sandwiching a transparent layer between a protective coating and a bonding layer. This layer offers excellent birefringence. Beneath, there is a layer of Antis layer acts as a heat sink, dissipating the excess heat during the write process. A spacer layer made of ZnSSiO2 comes next. Then, the recording layer made of AgInSbTeGe comes. Grooves are formed on this layer for recording.A reflective layer of Ag alloy falls beneath and finally a plastic substrate comes. The key features of the technology are introduced as follows

1.2.Highly flat and smooth cover layer: At the high speed recording rate involved, the linear velocity of the disc reaches 20m/s or more and as a result accurate focus control becomes difficult. Various experiments showed that flatness and

smoothness of the transparent cover layer have a marked influence on the focus control capability. This end is achieved by using the spin coating method for obtaining the transparent cover layer. Thus stable record ability at high speed recording is secured.

1.3. Phase change film for high speed recording: The phase change film should have

high recrystallisation speed to enable direct recording at the high linear velocities involved. A recording layer made of AgInSbTeGe meets this purpose.

1.4.Super advanced rapid cooling structure: The excess heat from the LAS ER

i r r a d i a t i o n causes distortion of the recorded mark edge. So, to diffuse the remaining excess heat, a transparent dielectric film of high thermal conductivity, for example, AlN is used.

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Capacity

23.325.27GB (single layer)

Wavelength of the laser Numerical aperture of the optical lens Data transfer rate Diameter of disc Thickness of disc Diameter of centre hole Recording method Signal modulation Data track Addressing Method Visual data Audio data AV Multiplex method

405nm 0.85 36Mbps 120mm 1.2mm 15mm Phase change 1.7PP Groove recording Wobble MPEG-2 Video AC3, MPEG 1, and others MPEG-2 Transport stream

Table1:Specifications of BD

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1.First Generation When the CD was introduced in the early 80s, it meant an enormous leap from traditional media. Not only did it offer a significant improvement in audio quality, its primary application, but its 650 MB storage capacity also meant a giant leap in data storage and retrieval. For the first time, there was a universal standard for prerecorded, recordable and rewritable media, offering the best quality and features consumers could wish for themselves, at very low costs. 2.2.Second Generation Although the CD was a very useful medium for the recording and distribution of audio and some modest dataapplications, demand for a new medium offering higher storage capacities rose in the 90s. These demands lead to the evolution of the DVD specification and a five to ten fold increase in capacity. This enabled high quality, standard definition video distribution and

recording. Furthermore, the increased capacity accommodated more demanding data applications. At the same time, the DVD spec used the same form factor as the CD, allowing for seamless migration to the next generation format and offering full backwards compatibility.

2.3.Third Generation

Now High Definition video is demanding a new solution. History proved that a significant five to ten time increase in storage capacity and the ability to play previous generation formats are key elements for a new format to succeed. This new format has arrived with the advent of Bluray Disc, the only format that offers a considerable increase in storage capacity with its 25 to 50 GB data capacity. This allows for the next big application of optical media: the distribution and recording of High Definition video in the highest possible quality. In fact, no
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other proposed format can offer the data capacity of Bluray Disc, and no other format will allow for the same high video quality and interactive features to create the ultimate user experience. As with DVD, the Blu ray Disc format is based on the same, bare disc physical form factor, allowing for compatibility with CD and DVD. The Bluray Disc specification was officially announced in February 2002. Bluray Disc recorders were first launched in Japan in 2003. 1982 First working CD player developed by Philips. Philips and Sony

developed CD standard 12cm disk, 74 minutes on a single spiral 1983 sold 1985 First CD players CDROM introduced not popular at first. More powerful PCs lead to

demand for multimedia, image processing and larger applications. Growth in sales brings prices down. 1990s CDR and CDRW introduced big success. 1996 1999 DVD introduced DVD becomes mainstream

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3. Basic Bluray Disc Characteristics

3.1. Large Recording Capacity

The

Bluray disc recording,

enables

the

rewriting and playback of HD video unto 27 GB of data on a single sided single layer. It is enough to put 2.5 hours of HDTV recording on it. It also can record over 13 hours of standard TV broadcasting using the VHS/ standard definition picture quality.

3.2.High Speed It has a data transfer rate of 36 Mbps. Because of this high speed transfer rates it can also record the data in very little time. In a perfect environment it would take about 2.5 hours to fill the entire BD with 27 GB of data. More than enough transfer capacity for real time recording and playback.

3.3.Resistant to Scratches and Fingerprints

The protective layer is hard enough to prevent accidental abrasions and allows fingerprints to be removed by wiping the disc with a tissue.

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3.4.Bluray Founders

The

following jointly

companies

have

established the basic specifications Bluray disc video recording format

1. Hitachi , Ltd 2. LG Electronics Inc. 3. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd. 4. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 5. Pioneer Corporation 6. Royal Philips Electronics 7. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. 8. Sharp Corporation 9. Sony Corporation 10.Thomson

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4. Bluray Disc and HDDVD:

The HDDVD format, originally called AOD or Advanced Optical Disc, is based on much of todays DVD principles and as a result, suffers from many of its limitations. The format does not provide as big of a technological step as Bluray Disc. For example, its prerecorded

capacities are only 15 GB for a single layer disc, or 30 GB for a double layer disc. Bluray Disc provides 67% more capacity per layer at 25 GB for a single layer and 50GB for a double layer disc.

Although the HDDVD format claims it keeps initial investments for disc replicates and media manufacturers as low as make substantial investments in modifying their

possible, they still need to

production equipment to create HDDVDs. But whats more important is that HDDVD can be seen as just a transition technology, with a capacity not

sufficient for the long term. It might not offer enough space to hold a High Definition feature along with bonus material in HD quality and additional material that can be revealed upon authorization via a network. When two discs are needed, this will degrade the socalled cost benefit substantially. It is even possible that the HDDVD specification will be followed up by a renewed version of the technology within a few years, requiring media manufacturers upgrade their existing production to lines again, and

consumers to replace their existing playback/recording equipment. On the other hand, the Bluray Disc format was designed to be a viable technology for a period of at least 10 to 15 years.

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Also on the application layer, the HDDVD format incorporates many compromises. As the capacity is not likely to be

sufficient to encode a fulllength feature plus additional bonus materials using the MPEG2 format, different and stronger encoding formats need to be used. Although Bluray Disc offers these advanced codecs as well, the disc has such high capacity that publishers can still use the MPEG2 encoding format at bit rates up to 54 Mbit/sec. As MPEG2 is the defacto standard used in almost any industry involved in digital video (DVD, HDTV, digital

broadcast), many authoring solutions are available. Chances are high that a full line MPEG2 encoding suite is already available, which can be used with no or minor adaptations to encode High Definition content for Bluray Disc. But perhaps the most important factor for the success of Bluray Disc is its overwhelming industrywide support. Almost all consumer

electronics companies in the world (combined market share of about 90%) and the worlds two largest computer companies support the Bluray Disc format. This ensures a large selection of Bluray Disc players, recorders, PC drives, Bluray Disc equipped PCs and blank media will

become available. A competing format will not have the manufacturing power to penetrate the market in a level even approaching that of Bluray Disc

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5. Advantages
The main advantages of the Bluray disc are

5.1. More storage capacity on a disc of the same size. The data storage capacity on a Bluray disc is 27GB on a single layer and 54GBon dual layer, which is about five to six times the capacity of a DVD. It would mean about 2.5 hours of HDTV video and about 13 hours of SDTV video.

5.2. High data transfer rate.

The basic data transfer rate in Bluray disc is about 36Mbps which is about three times that of a DVD and thirty times that of a CD.

5.3. Available in different versions like ROM, R and RE The BD is available in different versions like the ROM (write once), R (read only), RE (rewritable).

5.4. Backward compatible. The BD drives backward are designed to be

compatible, i.e. CDs and DVDs work equally well with the BD drives. 5.5. Strong content protection. The features of the content protection system are
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Format Developed with Input from Motion Picture Studios Strong Copy Protection by Renewability with Renewal Key Block and Device Key Enhanced Encryption Algorithm: AES 128 bit Physical Hook Against Bit by Bit Encrypted Content Copy Titlebased Expandable Content Control File Production Process Control Works Against Professional Piracy Public Key Based Authentication in PC Environment

5.6. Compatible with analog and digital transmission. The BD fares well with analog as well as digital transmission. It offers the only means to the recording and reproducing of digital HDTV video. Format for encoding analog signals also, called SESF (Self

Encoded Stream Format) is also incorporated into the BD.

5.7. Higher disc life. In the case of ordinary discs, the disc life is less fir the rewritable versions, as rewriting is done repeatedly to one area of the disc most probably, the inner perimeter. This limits the disc life. But, the

BDFS(Bluray Disc File Structure is designed so as to avoid this problem, by using a system that uses free disc spaces with equal frequency

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6. Applications
High Definition Television Recording High Definition Video Distribution High Definition Camcorder Archiving Mass Data Storage Digital Asset Management and Professional Storage

The Bluray Disc format was designed to offer the best performance and features for a wide variety of applications. High Definition video distribution is one of the key features of Bluray Disc, but the formats versatile design and topoftheline specifications mean that it is suitable for a full range of other purposes as well.

6.1.High Definition Television Recording

High Definition broadcasting is vastly expanding in the US and Asia. Consumers are increasingly making the switch to HDTV sets to enjoy the best possible television experience. The Bluray Disc format offers consumers the ability to record their High Definition television broadcasts in their original quality for the first time, preserving the pure picture and audio level as offered by the broadcaster. As such it will become the next level in home entertainment, offering an unsurpassed user experience. And since the

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Bluray Disc format incorporates the strongest copy protection algorithms of any format or proposal to date, the format allows for recording of digital broadcasts while meeting the content protection demands of the broadcast industry.

6.2. High Definition Video Distribution

Due to its enormous data capacity of 25 to 50 GB per (single sided) disc, the Bluray Disc format can store High Definition video in the highest possible quality. Because of the huge capacity of the disc, there is no need to compromise on picture quality. Depending on the encoding method, there is room for more than seven hours of the highest HD quality video. There is even room for additional content such as special features and other bonus material to accompany the High Definition movie. Furthermore, the Bluray Disc movie format greatly expands on traditional DVD capabilities, by incorporating many new interactive features allowing content providers to offer an even more incredible experience to consumers. An Internetconnection may even be used to unlock additional material that is stored on the disc, as there is enough room on the disc to include premium material as well.

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6.3. High Definition Camcorder Archiving

As the market penetration of High Definition TV sets continues to grow, so does the demand of consumers to create their own HD recordings. With the advent of the first HD camcorders, consumers can now for the first time record their own home movies in a quality level unlike any before. As these

camcorders are tapebased, consumers cannot benefit from the convenience and direct access features they are used to from the DVD players and recorders. Now, the Bluray Disc format, with its unprecedented storage capacity, allows for the HD video recorded with an HD camcorder to be seamlessly transferred to a Bluray Disc. When the HD content is stored on a Bluray Disc, it can be randomly accessed in a way comparable to DVD. Furthermore, the Bluray Disc can be edited, enhanced with interactive menus for an even increased user experience and the disc can be safely stored for many years, without the risk of tape wear.

6.4.Mass Data Storage

In its day, CDR/RW meant a huge increase in storage capacity compared to traditional storage media with its 650 MB. Then DVD surpassed this amount by offering 4.7 to 8.5 GB of storage, an impressive 5 to 10 times increase. Now consumers demand an even bigger storage capacity. The growing number of broadband connections allowing

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consumers to download vast amounts of data, as well as the ever increasing audio, video and photo capabilities of personal computers has lead to yet another level in data storage requirements. In addition, commercial storage requirements are growing

exponentially due to the proliferation of email and the migration to paperless processes. The Bluray Disc format again offers 5 to 10 times as much capacity as traditional DVD resulting in 25 to 50 GB of data to be stored on a single rewritable or recordable disc. As Bluray Disc uses the same form factor as CD and DVD, this allows for Bluray Disc drives that can still read and write to CD and DVD media as well.

6.5. Digital Asset Management and Professional Storage

Due to its high capacity, low cost per GB and extremely versatile ways of transferring data from one device to another (because of Bluray Discs extremely wide adoption across the industry), the format is optimized for Digital Asset Management and other professional applications that require vast amounts of storage space. Think of medical archives that may contain numerous scansin the diagnostic

highest resolution, or catalogs of audiovisual assets that need to be

instantly retrieved in a random access manner, without the need to restore data from a storage carrier. One Bluray Disc may replace many backup tapes, CDs, DVDs or other less common or proprietary storage media. And contrary to network solutions, the discs can be physically stored in a different location for backup and safekeeping

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6.5.1. Requirements 1) Blue laser 2) Detector 3) Advanced objective lens 4) New disk and cartridge manufacturing technologies

6.5.2. Challenges:

6.5.3.High cost The technology is not that popular and hence, the price of the BD recorders and players available in the market is very high.

6.5.4. HDDVD The HDDVD (High Definition DVD) based on the Advanced Optical System championed by Toshiba and NEC is the primary rival to BD in the market. Though its data storage density is lower, it has lower manufacturing costs also, which may prove challenging to the Bluray disc.

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7. Future Developments:
Efforts are progressing on many fronts to make the Bluray discs, players and recorders cheaper. On 15 April 2004 for instance, Sony and Toppan Printing announced the successful development of a Blu ray Disc that is 51% (by mass) composed of paper, which could reduce production costs and improve its

environmental friendliness.The cost would come down as BD becomes more and more popular.

TDK has been researching the hard coat technology that will provide protection against fingerprints and scratches. Colloidable silica dispersed UVcurable resin is being used for the researches and results are encouraging.

Figure2. cross section of the disc being developed.

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8. Conclusion:
The BD represents a major advancement in capacity as well as data transfer rate. It would be an ideal choice for the secondary storage purposes.The semiconductor storage for secondary memory is large, consumes more power and is more expensive. HDTV video recording and reproducing would essentially

require the large storage capacity and data transfer rates, as offered by the Bluray disc. The Bluray disc has a wide variety of applications and is the ultimate storage device that would lead to digital convergence, ultimately leading to the convergence of the PC and CE technologies.

In the opinion of many researchers (including those at the BDF group themselves), BD possibly represents the last of the plastic based, laser optical disc visible

systems. Shorter violet and ultraviolet wavelengths are absorbed

strongly by the plastic used in disc manufacturing, and its difficult to cheaply manufacture a much higherquality lens. The light absorbed by the disk would not make it back out to be read by the drive. In addition, most plastics decay when exposed to ultraviolet light, changing color and becoming brittle. An ultraviolet system would destroy plastic media used with it. Future technologies would likely involve glass platters (which dont absorb longwave ultraviolet nearly as much as plastic), ultraviolet readout lasers, and/or multilayer fluorescent media. An emergence of the magnetooptical system for secondary storage is also a big possibility

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9. References
1. Digital Digest Magazine Published by Digital Tech Consulting L.L.C,

September 2003, BluRay Format Positioning As Next Generation DVD. 2. Optical Recording: A Technical Overview, Addison Reading, Massachusetts,pp321323(1990) 3. Optical Disc Systems Dec 2002,The Blue Disc Recording Technology 4. Spectrum, Magazine Published by IEEE, June 2003, The Great Gallium Nitride Gamble Wesley,

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