ENVIORNMENTAL POLLUTION:

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.

Enviornmental pollution:
The most appropriate definition of environmental pollution would be the introduction of different harmful pollutants into certain environment that make this environment unhealthy to live in. The most common pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage, and waste water. Environmental pollution is happening in many parts of the world, especially in form of air and water pollution. The best example for air pollution are some of China's cities, including capital Beijing, and the best example for water pollution is India with its Ganges river pollution problem.

Major Types Of Environmental Pollution #1: Air Pollution

Types Of Environmental Pollution Air pollution is any major source of irritating smoke, chemical residue, or other vapor released into the air that makes it a significant health risk to human life, or simply unpleasant to experience.

Source of air pollution:

Common sources of air pollution include smokestacks, jet engines, or other fossil fuel-burning technologies. Air pollution can even be much simpler: for example, some four million people die every year from air pollution caused by improperly ventilated cookfires in sub-Saharan Africa.

Major Types Of Environmental Pollution #2: Water Pollution

When water is contaminated due to different reasons and creating bad effects on environment as well as human health and other living organisms,this is called water pollution.

Sources of water pollution

Water pollution is any type of contaminant released into the water supply. The classic image of this is the pipe outside a victory dumping waste into a river or lake, but water pollution can also happen through illegal trash dumping near a water source, or simply by pesticides seeping through the soil and into the groundwater, where they gradually pass into the rivers and the sea.

Major Types Of Environmental Pollution #3: Land pollution:

The clean-up of the garbage has become an crucial issue in several huge cities. Amongst the million tons of garbage each and every day, most can not be incinerated or decayed, such as plastics, rubber and glass, which are regarded as as the number one enemy of mankind.

Major Types Of Environmental Pollution #4: Noise And Visual Pollution

These types of environmental pollution are often not taken as seriously as othersafter all, loud noises and aesthetically offensive advertising and industrial development wont slowly poison your body or cause species of animals to go extinct on a massive scale. However, these aesthetic types of environmental pollution do significantly reduce peoples quality of life over time. If you dont feel like going out to work or walking in your neighborhood because youre surrounded by TV ads, billboards, and angry music played from a thousand radios, your quality of life goes down and your ability to thrive within your environment goes down with it. There are of course other types of environmental pollution, as many types as there are industrial projects with unsustainable methodologies. Once you can spot them, its time to begin the more difficult task, ending them, cleaning them up.

Major Types Of Environmental Pollution #5: Marine pollution:

This is mainly brought on by the crude oil leaked from oil tanker, the pesticides and fertilizers employed in agriculture, the sewage discharged from factories, and the acid solution exhausted from oil field. These wastes make most of the oceans and lakes polluted. As a result, not only the marine organisms are affected, but both the birds and humans may also be poisoned because of eating these organisms.

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agencies

(Ministry of National Disaster Management)
Support Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) in implementation of Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA).

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency is an attached department of the Ministry of National Disaster Management and responsible to implement the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 in the country. An Act to provide for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable development. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency also provides all kind of technical assistance to the Ministry of National Disaster Management

Environmental issues:
Current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Little attention was paid pollution. Some are these related concerns, such as sanitation and potable water, received earlier inspection. In 1987 only about 6 percent of rural residents and 51 percent of urban residents had access to sanitary facilities; a Greater success has been achieved in bringing potable water within reach of the people; nearly half the population enjoyed such access by 1990. However, researchers at the Pakistan Medical Research Council, recognizing that a large proportion of diseases in Pakistan are caused by the consumption of polluted water, have been questioning the "safe" classification in use in the 1990s. Even the 38 percent of the population that receives its water through pipelines runs the risk of consuming seriously contaminated water, although the problem varies by area. In Punjab, for example, as much as 90 percent of drinking water comes from groundwater, as compared with only 9 percent in Sindh. The central government's Perspective Plan (19882003) and previous five-year plans do not mention sustainable development strategies. Further, there have been no overarching policies focused on sustainable development and conservation. The state has focused on achieving self sufficiency in food production, meeting energy demands, and containing the high rate of population growth, not on curtailing pollution or other environmental hazards. In 1992 Pakistan's National Conservation Strategy Report attempted to redress the previous inattention to the nation's mounting environmental problem. Drawing on the expertise of more than 3,000 people from a wide array of political affiliations, the government produced a document outlining the current state of environmental health, its sustainable goals, and viable program options for the future. Of special concern to environmentalists is the diminishing forest cover in watershed regions of the northern highlands, which has only recently come under close scrutiny.

Environmental Pollution and Its Effects

Air Pollution:
Air pollution is by far the most harmful form of pollution in our environment. Air pollution is cause by the injurious smoke emitted by cars, buses, trucks, trains, and factories, namely sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Even smoke from burning leaves and cigarettes are harmful to the environment causing a lot of damage to man and the atmosphere. Evidence of increasing air pollution is seen in lung cancer, asthma, allergies, and various breathing problems along with severe and irreparable damage to flora and fauna. Even

the most natural phenomenon of migratory birds has been hampered, with severe air pollution preventing them from reaching their seasonal metropolitan destinations of centuries. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), released from refrigerators, air-conditioners, deodorants and insect repellents cause severe damage to the Earths environment. This gas has slowly damaged the atmosphere and depleted the ozone layer leading to global warming.

Water pollution
Water pollution caused industrial waste products released into lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, has made marine life no longer hospitable. Humans pollute water with large scale disposal of garbage, flowers, ashes and other household waste. In many rural areas one can still find people bathing and cooking in the same water, making it incredibly filthy. Acid rain further adds to water pollution in the water. In addition to these, thermal pollution and the depletion of dissolved oxygen aggravate the already worsened condition of the water bodies. Water pollution can also indirectly occur as an offshoot of soil pollution through surface runoff and leaching to groundwater.

Noise Pollution
Noise pollution, soil pollution and light pollution too are the damaging the environment at an alarming rate. Noise pollution include aircraft noise, noise of cars, buses, and trucks, vehicle horns, loudspeakers, and industry noise, as well as high-intensity sonar effects which are extremely harmful for the environment.

Soil Pollution
Soil pollution, which can also be called soil contamination, is a result of acid rain, polluted water, fertilizers etc., which leads to bad crops. Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground storage tank leakage which releases heavy contaminants into the soil. These may include hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Light Pollution
Light Pollution includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.

How to Control Environmental Pollution

Drive Less
Drive your car less often. Walk to your destination if it is in walking distance. Buy a bike to travel farther away. If you have the option, use public transportation, which offers alternatives to dozens of people who would otherwise be polluting in their cars. Join colleagues from work in a carpool, meaning that instead of six cars, only one will be driven to work. Drive only when it is absolutely necessary and you can help cut environmental pollutants.

Conserve Household Items

Carefully conserve your household items and avoid turning these everyday objects into pollutants. Plastic will not biodegrade in many lifetimes, and metal will slowly rust and leach harmful chemicals if left in the environment. Instead of throwing your plastic away, recycle it and see how it will be converted into new products. Take old glass jugs and turn them into containers. Store water or other drinks in old bottles in the fridge to avoid throwing them away and to keep a fresh supply of water available. Don't buy products that have unwieldy, inefficient packaging with excessive plastic and paper. Buying food or other household products in bulk will minimize packaging. Take reusable cloth bags to the store and use them instead of "paper or plastic." Use rechargeable batteries.

Avoid Chemical Pesticides

If you have a garden, avoid chemical pesticides. These pollutants can soak into the soil and damage plant and animal life for years. Use more natural pest-control methods. A bowl of sugar water will attract many pests. Put some olive oil in the water. The olive oil will stick to their feet and weigh them down, drowning them. Applying black pepper to your plants can repel many pests, as can garlic or other potent herbs. Experiment with these approaches to find the best natural pest repellent.