WHAT IS A UNIT OF INSTRUCTION?

According to Hurwitz and Day (2007), "a unit plan is a series of lessons organized around a single theme, topic, or mode. The unit plan should provide the teacher with a concise overview of the unit, including information about art works, art materials, and special preparations that need to be considered. The unit should be organized to emphasize sequences of learning activities." COMPONENTS OF A UNIT:UNIT THEME A thematic approach is a way of choosing an over-arching or unifying idea revealing many aspects of re-lated concepts, events, or situations. A theme is much broader than a topic, and use of themes in curriculum design allows students to make rich connections among a variety of disciplines. A topical approach is a way of organizing information regarding particular subject matter, and is narrower in focus. Suggestions for themes GOALS AND OUTCOMES Goals and Outcomes of a unit of instruction clarify what students should know and be able to do as a result of having instruction and learning through the unit's content and activities. National arts education organizations have identified national standards for student learning in the arts that may be helpful in organizing your units of instruction. Six content standards applicable to visual art education include: 1. Understanding and applying media, techniques, and processes 2. Using knowledge of structures and functions 3. Choosing and evaluating a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas 4. Understanding the visual arts in relation to history and cultures 5. Reflecting upon and assessing the characteristics and merits of their work and the work of others 6. Making connections between visual arts and other disciplines.

Both: *Give a sense of direction to the teachers as a means of instruction. *Focused on a topic, issue, or a problem. *Link together with the goals, objectives, content, strategies, activities, and evaluation. *Determine the flow of the lesson.

WHAT IS UNIT PLAN? Writing a unit plan is not that difficult if you have a book to guide you. Using the book, simply create a daily intro activity, the core lesson, a wrap-up activity and a possible homework assignment. A unit plan is a combination of at least 5 days of lesson plans. A unit plan also typically involves some type of assessment. It should switch with the goals, objectives, content, strategies, activities and evaluation. It focused on a certain topic, theme, issue or problem.

IDEA UNIT OVERVIEW STRATEGIES EVALUATE

GROUP

TIME

BASIC OBJECTIVES RESOURCES

1. A teacher must think of a topic to be discussed in the entire alloted time. This refers to the subject matter, if not a theme or a standard unit which consist of a series of lessons centered on a certain topic. Example, a topic about OUR EARLY FILIPINO ANCESTORS, consisting of

different lessons that needs to be covered, such as: 1. Influences brought about by Early Filipino Ancestors, 2. Way of life during their settlement and exploration in the Philippines, 3. Origin of the Filipinos, 4. Events happened when they first came to the Philippines. These are some of the lessons that a teacher should eloborate during the discussion.

2. A goal must switch or congruent with the topic at the same time with the content, activities and assessment. Goals are said to be the teachers intention/target that their students are expected to learn. These are general statements of what students will know and able to do. It is usually written to cover a unit, semester or a year, it thus reflect on the educational philosophies about what is important. It is also validated by the parents, teachers, and school administrators. Examples of a goal: 1. Know how to think critically, be good followers of school policies and work with peers, 2. Know how to act out the influences of the Early Filipino Ancestors relating it with the school mission, vision and goals. An overview, refers to the introduction of the lesson or unit. In our book, every module has an indicated overview of what is supposed to be learn, it is a brief summary of the topic. Example of an OVERVIEW...

ORIGIN OF THE FILIPINOS

Philippine Prehistory is not really the favorite subject of many, because it seems boring to study about fossils and bones, flake tools and such. For most Filipinos, especially the young, their distant past is a big blank in their interest, except when they have to dance tribal folk dance and see unique collections. Historians really cannot be blamed for making the study of Philippine prehistory boring or dubious because most of them just accept what have said in the past. Now, there is more excitement in Philippine ethnologists, and others who study about our ancestors has uncovered new findings that dramatically change our idea about our past. There is so much to be proud of about our ancestors, and we must know more about them, because they tell something about ourselves

3. Switching of instructional objectives depending on the skills, attitudes and behavioral objectives. IO are stated in the form of an action words which direct attention of the students and the types of performance they are expected to exhibit as a result of instruction from the learning experiences to the learning outcomes. It should be SPECIFIC, MEASURABLE. ATTAINABLE, REALIABLE AND TIME BOUNDED. It covers the three bid domains.Examples of Instructional Objectives under behavioral objectives 1. Distinguish the influences brought about by the early filipino ancestors from one another, 2. Outline the early filipino ancestors contribution to the filipinos. Behavioral Objectives consist of ABCD pattern-Audience. Behavior, Condition, Degree.

4. Instructional procedures consist of the curriculum, learning competencies, resources, as well as the parts of the daily plans. A teacher must consider the DepEd Curriculum (RBEC), audience also. * Applicability of the activities depending on the subject matter/topic, say for instance, film viewing and making of journals upon watching a

segment from Amaya and Munting Heredera, sharing it to the class. * Availability of resources, a teacher is planning to use a projector for a movie analysis but the demo room is not available, to be resourceful, a teacher must have a back up plans for what IMs he/she will be using in case of unavalability of the materials/place. In the instruction, it consist of three parts: motivation, instruction and evaluation.

5. Diagnostic test must be given before instruction, formative test during instruction and summative test after instruction. Pre test (Essay) to test prior knowledge about the early Filipino ancestors/ Formative test (group activity) presenting to the class their insights about the filipinos influenced by the settlers/ Summative test (Quiz) measure how much they understand the topic by giving them a short quizes.

6. An instruction would not be affective without the use of a tool or materials (IMs) to relate the topic to the students. It should be based upon the interest of the learners. As of now, the use of a projector or powerpoint in public schools is seldom used by the teachers because of unavailability of the technoilogy. In my desired topic, the use of movie clips and powerpoint is badly needed to easily grasp the ideas I wanted to share to my students. In pre school, printed materials are highly used like pictures, more on audio-visual aids.

1. For the students/learners/pipils to easily understand the topic. Remember that the attention span of a learner depends on their age (Dr. Arlene O. Monsalve). Limitations should be set considering the time allotment of a subject. Pupils can easily absorbed/catch up the lessons being discussed and for the teacher to provide time for questioning, giving feedback and evaluation.

2. So that we can measure how much the students learned in the past discussion. One of the teaching functuions, is a daily review, to determine if the students have obtained the necessary pre requisite knowledge connecting it to the past lesson. To recall the lesson connecting it to the new lesson. One of the elements of an effective classroom management is a smooth transition between lesson segments, there must be a swifting from previous lesson to the present lesson. For the students to prepare

themselves for the next topic, serves as a warm up Thay is why some teachers, give their students an agreement rather than assignment to totally re study facts about the previous lesson.

3. Through evaluation form/testing materials/ paper-pencil test/graded recitation/ giving assignment or agreement to check if the learners really learned the lesson, if mot make a remediation class to repeat the topic which they have the difficulty to catch up/understand and what is taught by the teacher

4. A teacher must have the perseverance or determination as well as confidence that every students will learn something before the end of the lesson. Never give up, instead assist/ guide them to learning. Convince, motivate, inspire the learners that they can gain knowledge in a simple but not in apressured way of acquiring the intended outcomes/expections. The attributes of being a teacher must be used in this kind of situation..

SAN ANTONIO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Date: March 9, 2012 Time: 3: 16 pm Place: Principals Office

Respondent: MR. NELSON ALFELOR BAUTISTA Principal 1

Interviewer: Erma P. Magistrado Student, USANT

With the guidance of: Erwin P. Magistrado Teacher III

QUESTION: What are the learning processes that you expect from your teachers? ANSWER: First hour in the morning, all their lesson plans were at my office for checking. I expect my teachers to develop their daily plans in a complete manner to uplift their way of instructing the pupils. From motivating the students, teaching, and giving the desired the test to be given to sum up the learning of the pupils. I have

here one teacher (Erwin P. Magistrado), who earned an outstanding rank during the evaluation provided by the DepEd. I goes to show that his learing is very much effective, not just by using a projector inside the class but the desire to enhance the understanding of the Grade 3 pupils. My teachers, werent been perfect in teaching but as time goes by their competencies from the formulation of the lesson plans, executing it really developed a lot, especially in a new hired teacher.....they cannot do it perfectly at first but being into it will master them to the flow of school activiteies and requirements so, here in my school we always assure that each and evryone support each other...... for the enhancement of the teaching anf learning processes undergoing inside the vicinity.

CHECKLIST FOR BUILT IN-LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Preparation of Lesson Plans AIM: a. Is my aim definite? b. It is clearly expressed in the best English possible? c. Is it expressed in terms of specific knowledge, habit, skill or attitude? SUBJECT MATTER: a. Is my subject matter suitable to the needs and different abilities of my pupils? b. Is my subject matter definite?Is it within the scope of the requirement in the course of study of my grade? c.Has it any practical bearing upon the daily activities of my pupils? PROCEDURE: ( Device & Methods) a. Do I have devices to make my teaching clear, concrete and more comprehensive to my pupils? b. Are my devices properly prepared to helpme for many years? c. Is my method practical? d. Are my steps clear and arranged for the pupils to see what I aim to teach? e. Is the lesson a dull lesson?review? development? ASSIGNMENT: a. Do I prepare and give my assignment with care according to educational principle?

YES / / / /

NO

/ / /

/ / / / /

SELF CHECK UP a. Is my lesson plan presentable and neat? b. Is it the product of my best effort? c. Is my English of my best effort? d. Are my Aim, Subject Matter, Devices and Mathods related?

/ / / /

Type of Lesson Plan: SEMI DETAILED LESSON PLAN Parts: I. Objective II.Subject Matter/ Reference III. a1. Checking of Assignment b1. Motivation IV. Application **** The teacher only indicate One objective for each lesson as required by the DepED using the budget of work with a corresponding number of days and values integration applicatble for public schools. One Objective is equivalent to the thre big domains. ****Subject matter, Reference and materials are specified. ****Befire instruction, Checking of assignments and Review are conducted. ****Motivation, Presentation, Discussion and Application are in an organizad manner. Type of Procedure: INDUCTIVE METHOD (Out of 17 teachers in San Antonio Elementary School eight of them were using an Inductive Mathod while the nine of them often use a DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH depending on the skills to be taught. In the lesson Plan:

a2. Review b2. Presentation

*Inductive Method for English and Filipino *Aesthetic Method for MSEP *Semantic Method for Makabayan
Our early ancestors Presentation Transcript 1. MR. REY BELEN Our Early Ancestors 2. The First Filipinos Who were the first people to live in the Philippines? What happened to them? Where are they now? These questions on the past cannot fully be answered even by the best scientist who study about our early ancestors 3. The best explanation we have about our distant past comes from the three main sources: The story of Gods creation in the Bible The theories of evolution made by human scientists Legends and fairytales made up by imaginative people. 4. A. The Biblical Story According to the Holy Bible, all men and women originated from the first man (Adam) and the first woman (Eve) Historians do not believe in the story of creation in the Holy Bible instead, they have invented the theory of evolution or the story how the first man came from apelike creatures who walked the face of the earth thousands of years ago. 5. C. Scientific Theories Theory of Evolution It is a belief that man came from apelike creatures who lived thousands of years ago in caves and have very crude tools. Waves of Migration Theory They believed that early Filipinos came from waves of migration Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays who peopled these island thousands of years ago. 6. Scientific Theories Core Population Theory Believes that the early Filipinos came from the settlers within the islands, not from outside, and in fact our ancestors migrated outside to the other nearby islands to spread our own culture to the other islands. Austronesian Migration 7. Austronesian Migration (Fernando N. Zialcita) The Austronesian Theory of Migration proves to be one of the most palpable reasons for the interconnection of cultures within Southeast Asia According to Encarta Reference Library, Austronesian Languages, formerly called Malayo-Polynesian languages, is one of the world's largest language families, both in terms of numbers of languagesmore than 700and geographic

spreadcovering islands and some mainland areas from Madagascar in the west to Easter Island and Hawaii in the east. 8. Both groups of evolutionist however believe that the first man in the Philippines lived in Palawan about 25, 000 years ago. The first Filipino lived in caves at Tabon, Palawan. Thus, they are called the Tabon Man, They belonged to the Stone Age culture. They used stone tools and has no knowledge about the use of metal. Hunted wild animals with crude stone tools and make clothes using simple stone tools. 9. They did not know how to farm or raise animals. They were short, with bushy eyebrows, and a low forehead. They lived in a very harsh surroundings and it was a daily battle for survival. Most of the time was spent looking for food. 10. Waves of Migration (HOB) Another story of the first Filipinos describes three waves of migration to these islands The Philippines was once connected to Mainland Asia by land bridges which gradually sank in the China sea, as a result of constant leveling work of ocean waves. It was through these bridges that the first inhabitants came over to the Philippines. According to the migration theory, our country was settled by three kinds of people: 1. Negritos 2. Indonesians 3. Malays 11. 12. 1. The Negritos The first people to come to the Philippines. They were called Atis or Aetas They came across land bridges from mainland Asia about 25, 000 years ago. The Negritos were very small people and less than five feet tall. They were called Negritos because they have black skin, short kinky hair, thick lips, and black noses. 13. 1. The Negritos They wandered in the forests and lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants and fruits. They used bow and arrow for hunting. 14. 2. The Indonesians They were the first immigrants to come by the sea to the Philippines. They came about 5, 000 years ago and sailed in boats from South Asia. They drove the Negritos into the mountainsand lived in the lowlands. There were two types of Indonesians: 1. tall, with light skin, large forehead, high nose and thin lips 2. shorter and darker, large nose, thick lips 15. 2. The Indonesians Indonesians were more advance than the Negritos. They lived in permanent homes and used fire to cook their food. They lived by hunting, fishing, and small farming. They painted their bodies with colorful figures. 16. 2. The Indonesians Today, the Indonesian minority tribes are found in some interior parts of our country. They are the: Apayaos Gaddangs Ibanags Kalingas Tagbanuas Bagobos Manobos Mandyas Bukidnon Tirurays Sabanuns 17. 3. The Malays The Malays came after the Indonesians, about 2, 000 years ago. They also arrived in boats from Southeast Asia. They were medium in height, brown-skinned, with dark eyes, flat noses and straight black hair. They drove Indonesians to the forests and lived in the lowlands 18. 3. The Malays The Malay were more civilized than the Indonesians. They lived in larger villages, had government, writing, music, arts, and sciences. They lived by agriculture, fishing, mining and trading. 19. 3. The Malays Some legends describe the coming of the Malays. Maragtas It tells how the first ten Malay Datus left Borneo and came to Panay They bought the land from the Negritos. This legend is now celebrated in the famous ati-atihan fiesta and dance. The Filipinos today come from the Malay or brown race. 20. Felipe Landa Jocano (Questions and Challenges in Philippine Pre-History) They stand co-equal as ethnic groups, without anyone being the dominant group, racially or culturally. The differences are due to the differences of their response to their environment. On the other hand, similarities are due to the adjustment to their environment. 21. The people of prehistoric island Southeast Asia belonged to same population. It grew out of combination of human evolution and movements of other people. The core population shared a common cultural orientation and cultural elements. The configuration of these shared elements into a common way of life is what we call the base culture . None of these ancient men could be categorized under any of the historically identified ethnic groups. It was the West who fragmented the population into groups. 22. the explanation of the peopling of the Philippines through a series of waves of migration as documented by folk history like the Maragtas has to be reconsidered. The undue credit given to the Malays as the original settlers of the region and dominant cultural transmitter must be corrected. 23. CAGAYAN MAN & TABON MAN Homo Erectus Philippines (Cagayan Man) 1970, the National Museum archaeologist started to work in Cagayan Valley through a survey and exploration of all places were fossils and stones appeared. The initial problem was to determine the age of materials. After a number of years of study, it was determined that the rock layer named Awidon Mesa formation was formed during the Ice Age. 24. CAGAYAN MAN & TABON MAN Homo Sapiens (Tabon Man) It is difficult to come up with the perfect theory, the artifacts can not speak for themselves (Dr. Eusebio Dizon, National Museum) Robert Fox (Lecture in National Museum) Why in Palaewan? Palawan is the perfect corridor thet bridged the Philippines to Borneo. First men who came to the Philippines inhabited the island eversince Paleolithic era (500,000 years ago. 25. When the ice melted and land bridges sank, Neolithic era began. It was the start of the dramatic changes in tools of ancient man and were much superior to the tools of Paleolithic people. These tools, according to Fox, are commonly in the Pacific were found in cave sites in Palwan. There are two general theories on where the Neolithic Man who inhabited the Philippines came from

26. The Austronesian Migration Mainland Origin Theory (Peter Bellwood) The larger Austronesian migration had its stimulus with the beginning of agriculture in Central China about 9000 years ago. They moved to Taiwan either by raft or canoes and as the movement began and as it spread, they developed better techniques for acquiring food from the sea and building boats and so they spread further. They went to the Philippines moving rapidly by boats. Then Indonesia, Pacific and Madagascar. 27. The Austronesian Migration Island Origin Hypothesis (William Solheim) In 1981, he came up with a theory marked by four (4) different periods: ARCHAIC PERIOD (man began to settle in the island 5, 000 BCE) INCIPIENT FILIPINO PERIOD (when archaic period ended and stopped in 10,000 BCE) Nusantao the maritime people who travelled from Southern Philippines in the Mindanao Island and Indonesia to the north ending in China sea and passing through Taiwan. 28. FORMATIVE FILIPINO (1, 000 BCE to 500 CE) ESTABLISHED FILIPINO (500 CE to 1521) The people in the last phase are traders Evidences: Linguistic Cultural Genetic 29. C. Legends and Fairy Tales The Story of Malakas at Maganda The Story of the Brown People 30. End...