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1. Interval between C & G = 5th (include C).

2. Interval 1=1st, Interval 2=2nd; but interval 8=8ve (Octave). 3. Two notes sharing the same line/space=Unison.

4. Understanding Intervals

Ans: Starts with d note (Bottom note will be the tonic of that scale) & has b flat key signature so its DM (D Major Scale). P.S. Add Dm Normal, Melodic & Harmonic pics with DM (do it yourself) and compare them with DM.

2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th=Major & 4th, 5th, 8ve=Perfect. Ex. CM

What scale & interval is here? Example: 1

Procedure:
(a) Its a FM (as it starts with F and has key signature: Bb). Count the number first: F to A (F,G,A) = 3rd (b) To work out the name compare it to a C major (CM).

3rd is a major here. (c) All we need to do is count the semitones between the notes in the major 3rd from CM. C to E {as E is 2 notes apart from C} (C#, D, D#, E) = 4 semitones. F to A (F#, G, G#, A) = 4 semitones. This is exactly same number of semitones as the major 3rd in CM (CM 4 = FM 4). Therefore the interval is Major 3rd. Ans: FM, Major 3.

Example: 2

Procedure:
(d) Its a Gm (as it starts with G and has the key signatures: Eb, Bb). Count the number first: G to D {as G is 5 notes apart from C} (G, A, B, C, D) = 5th. (e) To work out the name compare it to a C major (CM). 5th is a Perfect here. (f) All we need to do is count the semitones between the notes in the major 3rd from CM. C to G (C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G) = 7 semitones. G to D (G#, A, A#, B, C, C#, D) = 7 semitones. This is exactly same number of semitones as the major 3rd in CM (CM 7 = Gm7). Therefore the interval is Perfect 3rd. Ans: Gm, Perfect 5th.

Example: 3

Procedure:
(g) Its a FM (as it starts with F and has the key signature: Bb). Count the number first: F to A (F, G, A) = 3rd. (h) To work out the name compare it to a C major (CM). 3rd is a Major. (i) All we need to do is count the semitones between the notes in the major 3rd from CM. C to E {as E is 2 notes apart from C} (C#, D, D#, E) = 4 semitones. F to Ab (F#, G, Ab) = 3 semitones. This is one semitone smaller than the CM (CM 4 > Fm3). If a Major is smaller by one semitone its called

Minor. Therefore the interval is Minor 3rd.

Ans: Fm, Minor 3rd.

Example: 4

Procedure:
(j) Its a Am (as it starts with A and has no key signature). Count the number first: A to F (A, B, C, D, E, F) = 6th. (k) To work out the name compare it to a C major (CM). 6th is a Major. (l) All we need to do is count the semitones between the notes in the major 3rd from CM. C to A (C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A) = 9 semitones. A to F ( A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F) = 8 semitones. This is one semitone smaller than the CM (CM 9 > Am8). If a Major is smaller by one semitone its called Minor. Therefore the interval is Minor 6th. Ans: Am, Minor 6th.

Tips:

1. Work out the interval number first. Bottom note will always be tonic. Count up to the line/space the notehead occupies and jot down the number. Ex. C to F = 4th. 2. Compare your interval with the same number of interval in CM starting from C. Count how many semitones make up the CM interval {(C#, D, D#, E) = 4 semitones}. Then, Count how many semitones make up your interval {(F#, G, Ab) = 3 semitones}. 3. If it is one semitone smaller than Major interval then it becomes Minor {(CM 9 > Am8); Minor 4th}. If it is same then write Major (Ex. Major 4th). At grade 3 perfect interval (4th, 5th, 8ve) will always be perfect intervals.

Note: