INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GANDHINGAR

CALIBRATION OF VERNIER CALIPER

METROLOGY LAB

NAME: ANIL CHEJARA ROLL NO: 9003022 GROUP: 5

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 1

METROLOGY LAB

Table of Content: 1. Objective________________________________________________________________________3 2. Equipment______________________________________________________________________ 3 3. Theory _________________________________________________________________________3 4. Procedure_______________________________________________________________________4 5.Observation______________________________________________________________________5 5. Calculations______________________________________________________________________6 6. Conclusion_______________________________________________________________________7 7. Comment________________________________________________________________________7

SIGNATURE Prof. N. RAMAKRISHNAN IIT GANDHINAGAR

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 2

METROLOGY LAB

AIM: To calibrate vernier caplier. EQUIPMENT: Vernier Caliper and box of slip gauges THEORY: Calibration is done to check precision and accuracy of the measuring instrument. If we have references which are very accurate and well kept under control environment, they can be used to calibrate. Slip gauge is a precision ground and lapped length measuring standard used as a reference for the calibration of measuring equipment used in machine shops, such as micrometers, sine bars, calipers, and dial indicators. Vernier caliper is capable of measuring internal and external dimensions and can also be used as a depth gauge. The Vernier Caliper is a precision instrument that can be used to measure internal and external distances extremely accurately. The vernier, dial, and digital calipers that give a direct reading of the distance measured to high accuracy. These calipers comprise a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale. Its least count is 0.1 /0.2 mm The vernier scales may include metric measurements on the lower part of the scale and inch measurements on the upper, or vice versa, in countries that use inches. Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (10 micrometres), or one thousandth of an inch. They are available in sizes that can measure up to 1,829 mm (72 in).

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 3

METROLOGY LAB

BOX OF SLIP GAUGES:

Slip gauge is a precision ground and lapped length measuring standard. They are used as a reference for the calibration of measuring equipment used in machine shops, such as micrometers, sine bars, callipers and dial indicators. Gauge blocks are the main means of length standardization used by industry.

They are the most accurate standards of length available for use in workshops. The accuracy and finish is so high that two or more slip gauges may be wrung together. When correctly cleaned and wrung together, the individual slip gauges adhere to each other by molecular attraction and if left like this for too long, a partial cold weld will take place. If this is allowed to occur, the gauging surface will be irreparably after use, the gauges should be separated carefully by sliding them apart. They should then be cleaned, smeared with oil or petroleum jelly (Vaseline) and returned to their case.

PROCEDURE: Check the zero error of the vernier callipers. Take the slip gauges from the box of different sizes and measure them using the vernier callipers. Compare the measured value with the given value of the gauges. After that, combination procedure, we keep two mirrored surfaces at 90 degrees and turn so that they stick and their final length will be sum of individual lengths. Now measure the combined length using the vernier caliper and find out the error. Take care that the gauges are attached properly. Inability to do that would lead to errors.

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 4

METROLOGY LAB

OBSERVATIONS: 1) Using single slip gauge

Sr.No.

Slip Gauge Reading (mm) 1.45 2.5 3.5 6.5 7 9 12 14 15 17.5 20 21.5 23 24.5 50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2) Using combination of slip gauges Sr.No.

Vernier caliper Reading (mm) 1.44 2.46 3.5 6.48 7 8.98 11.98 13.98 14.98 17.48 20 21.48 22.98 24.48 50

Combination used

Gauge Reading (mm) 18 41 58 60 62.5 78 125 134 144.5 225

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3.5+4+5+5.5 10+15+16 10.5+23.5+24 10+50 15+23.5+24 3+75 50+75 9+50+75 20+24.5+100 50+75+150

Vernier caliper Reading (mm) 17.96 41.04 57.98 59.98 62.6 77.98 125.08 134.12 144.5 225

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 5

METROLOGY LAB

CALCULATIONS: Sr.no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Standard Reading (mm) 1.45 2.5 3.5 6.5 7 9 12 14 15 17.5 18 20 21.5 23 24.5 41 50 58 60 62.5 78 125 134 144.5 225 Vernier Reading (mm) 1.44 2.46 3.5 6.48 7 8.98 11.98 13.98 14.98 17.48 17.96 20 21.48 22.98 24.48 41.04 50 57.98 59.98 62.6 77.98 125.08 134.12 144.5 225 Error (mm) 0.01 0.04 0 0.02 0 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.04 0 0.02 0.02 -0.1 0.02 -0.08 -0.12 0 0 %Error 0.69 1.6 0 0.308 0 0.222 0.167 0.143 0.133 0.114 0.222 0 0.093 0.087 0.082 0.098 0 0.034 0.033 0.16 0.026 0.064 0.09 0 0

error vs standard reading

0.05 0

eroor(mm)

0 -0.05 -0.1 -0.15

50

100

150

200

250

standard reading(mm)

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 6

METROLOGY LAB

% error vs standard reading

1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 0

% error

50

100

150

200

250

standard reading(mm)

CONCULSION: The vernier caliper used is precise and very accurate as seeing errors during calibration. The error in increases as we combine the blocks, it is because of loose contact. The error in combination of gauges is the addition of caliberation error and air gap. For small reading human error can cause to very high error which is misleading.

COMMENTS: Make sure that slip gauges mirror finish side is pure and clean otherwise it will cause error. Human error can affect the results very much for small gauges. There can be thermal expansion so we need o make sure appropriate environment of gauges.

IIT-Gandhinagar

Page 7

METROLOGY LAB