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ECE 4607: Wireless and Mobile Networks

Examination 1 (3/10/11)
1. Do not cheat! You will receive an F grade for the entire class if you are seen collaborating in any manner. You will not be allowed to attend the class thereafter. 2. No questions will be answered in class. Make any assumptions you want to make, and write down the assumptions in the exam. 3. This is a closed book exam. No notes, no books, no phones and no calculators are allowed. 4. Make sure you have written down your name and email on the top right corner of this page.

Time: 1 hour 10 minutes Total Points: 10 % of final grade: 10

MAX POINTS Question 1 10 points

POINTS

Question 1 (10 points)

1. Clearly explain with an illustrative example how CSMA/CD improves performance over CSMA. Also, provide two scenarios where there could be no improvement. CSMA/CD improves performance by detecting collisions, and terminating the wasteful (collided) frames immediately instead of letting them complete. See class notes for illustration.

Two scenarios: (i) no collisions; (ii) frame size small enough that tx completes before collision is detected. 2. What is IP subnetting? What is it used for? What is the netmask used for in IP subnetting? Subnetting is devoting certain number of bits in the host address space for routing between subnetworks. Useful for managing multiple smaller networks within an address space. Netmask is used to inform routers which bits they should inspect to take routing decisions. 3. Identify four design differences between IPv6 and IPv4. - address size (128 bits vs 32 bits) - fragmentation only at source (vs. in network) - integrated mobility support (vs. independent mobile IP) - integrated security (vs. independent IPsec) - flow label (vs. no flow label) - autoaddress allocation (vs. DHCP) 4. Explain the difference between TCP Reno and TCP NewReno with respect to their fast recovery mechanism. TCP NewReno exits fast recovery only on the receipt of a full ACK, whereas TCP Reno will exit fast recovery on the receipt of the first partial ACK. This makes NewReno more robust to multiple packet losses within a congestion window.

5. What is the problem with TCP solved by TCP-SACK? How does TCP-SACK solve it? TCP can recover from losses only one every round-trip time. Thus, if there are k losses within a congestion window, TCP will take k round-trip times. TCP-SACK solves this problem by advertising to the sender information about multiple packet losses so that the sender might retransmit those packets immediately.

6. Consider the following topologies that all use CSMA. State whether each topology has the hidden terminal problem, and/or the exposed terminal problem, and explain why. The direction of the arrow signifies the only direction of communication that will happen in that topology. All edges are of the same length and existence of an edge indicates that the two nodes on either side can hear each other and can interfere with each other. No edge between two nodes mean they cannot talk to each other or interfere with each other. An edge with no arrows means the two nodes on either side of the edge will not talk to each other. There are no other nodes in the network. (a) A <-------- B ------------ C <----------- D (b) A <-------> B ----------- C <----------> D

Hidden terminal (a) when D is talking to C, B will initate the communication to A causing a collision at C (b) when A is talking to B, C will initiate the communication to D causing a collision at B Exposed terminal (b) only when B is talking to A, and C wants to talk to D, it will not upon hearing B

7. Explain any two problems with mobile IP clearly.

Triangular routing overheads higher delay/latency Ingress filtering can prohibit basic mobile IP operation. 8. Identify two problems with TCP in wireless networks. Explain how those two problems are solved by specific techniques in RFC 3481. Slow start initial window size 4MSS Small cwnd limited retx Packet corruption turn off compression Varying rtt use timestamps

9. Identify two design aspects of WTCP that are completely different from that of TCP. Explain why the new design is better. Rate based transmissions prevent burstiness Maintain phase in congestion control prevent forced congestion

10. What is the key problem solved by Glia? Why does the problem exist? Briefly state the mechanisms Glia uses to solve the problem.

Key problem aggregating multiple wifi radios on a single array; OTS solution does not provide expected performance OOB emission is the key culprit. Glia uses act-as-one and exploit-the-many mechanisms to coordinate the different radios so that they provide aggregate benefits.