EXHIBIT B-21 ABOVE -GROUND PIPING ERECTION

This Exhibit on Above-Ground Piping Erection includes the following: 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 General Piping Systems Erection Welding Cold Bending Cold Springing Testing Expansion Joints Valve Checkout and Installation Hangers Plumbing

1.0 1.1

GENERAL Contractor shall not use any of the permanent plant equipment, without first securing permission from MARAFIQ. Such permission will normally be granted for use of the plant cranes, but may not extend to the use of pumps, compressors or similar equipment. When use is made of the plant cranes or other equipment, Contractor shall take all precautions to avoid overload or damage to such plant equipment, and shall be responsible for the satisfactory repair or replacement of any parts suffering damage due to use of the equipment, or improper equipment maintenance, by Contractor. Contractor shall provide and install all cribbing and shoring necessary to support the floors while moving heavy loads. Drawings shall be submitted for MARAFIQ approval, indicating the method intended to provide temporary floor support. Piping -65 mm (2-1/2 in.) NPS and Larger

1.2

1.3

1.3.1 Piping, 65-mm (2-1/2 in.) nominal diameter and larger, will be shop-fabricated, delivered, and installed by Contractor as shown on his drawings. 1.3.2 Contractor shall prepare field installation isometric detail sheets showing field weld identification, spool or piece item numbering, inspections performed and other information pertinent to the work. 1.3.3 Piping in this category shall include integral instrument bosses, pressure tap connections, companion flanges at equipment, branch reinforcement, vent and drain connections, and all branch connections including those 50-mm (2 in.)
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and smaller, reducing fittings connecting piping 65-mm (2-1/2 in.) and larger to piping 50-mm (2 in.) and smaller shall be furnished with the subassemblies fabricated in the shop. The small ends of these fittings may have either a butt weld or socket weld and preparation. Weld end preparations required for field welding shall be machined in the shop. 1.4 Piping -50-mm (2 in.) NPS and Smaller

1.4.1 Contractor shall provide all services and labor for cleaning, field fabrication, welding, installation, and testing of all piping 50-mm (2 in.) and smaller. Dimensions shown on the reference drawings and bills of materials for pipe sizes of 50-mm (2 in.) and smaller are for guidance only. Contractor shall develop the detailed dimensions for installation. 1.4.2 Contractor is responsible for all measurements, calculations, field installation drawings and sketches, and supports so that piping fabrication and installation meet code requirements and do not interfere with other permanent plant installations. 2.0 2.1 PIPING SYSTEM ERECTION Contractor shall erect shop-fabricated and field-fabricated piping including all valves, hangers and piping specialties as shown on his drawings and specified herein. Valves shown on the drawings include control valves furnished by Contractor. The fabrication and erection procedures shall conform to the requirements of this Exhibit with regard to materials, welding, heat treatment, tests and inspection, welding operator and procedure qualifications, and alignment such that the installed systems comply with ANSI B31.1 or ASME Section I, as applicable. Positive identification of all piping components and subassemblies shall be carried throughout all operations by marking of all the parts. Weld end preparation required for field welding shall be machined by the shop, or if performed in the field, shall be in accordance with Contractor's specifications. High point vents and low point drains shall be installed as required whether or not they are shown on the flow diagrams or piping drawings. Vent piping outlets shall be located/installed so as not to be hazardous to personnel. During hydro tests, vents and drains shall be plugged. When modifications to large bore piping 65-mm or larger (2-1/2 in. NPS or larger) is required in the field, the request for modification shall be approved by the MARAFIQ. In addition, modification to high pressure piping shall be approved by Contractor's engineering department. Modification to "as-built" piping will constitute a subsequent revision to the as-built drawing as well as the shop sketch and data reports if applicable.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

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2.7

Permanent hangers shall be used as piping is erected to the extent practical, but in so doing, excess load shall not be imposed on any hangers in landing pipe in place, and before hanger equalizing adjustment can be made. WELDING General

3.0 3.1

3.1.1 Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of welding performed by his organization or his subcontractors. All welding shall be in accordance with qualified welding procedures and by qualified welders in conformance with ASME IX or AWS as applicable. 3.1.2 End preparations shall be in accordance with Contractor's engineering specifications. 3.1.3 When permitted, end preparation for field butt welds shall be suitable for use with flat type backing rings, and when necessary, the inside diameter of the pipe or fitting shall be machined or ground to provide a bore within the tolerances specified. Should there be insufficient parent metal or proper machining, Contractor shall deposit weld metal on the inside or outside diameter as required. After machining, Contractor shall accurately measure the resultant pipe wall and, if necessary, shall deposit sufficient weld metal to provide a finished wall equal to or in excess of the minimum wall required for the specific piping class. All weld deposit, either internal or external, shall be applied in accordance with approved procedures and shall be finished to a smooth continuous surface and gradually tapered or sloped to the diameter of the pipe. 3.1.4 Backing rings shall not be used in austenitic stainless steel pipe welds. All stainless steel butt welds shall be made with either the open-butt or consumable insert ring method. In addition, all stainless steel butt welds in piping components shall be back-purged. 3.1.5 Open-butt method or, when permitted, backing rings (split or flat), shall be used on all non stainless butt welds. When radiography is required it is a requirement that split rings not be used unless the splits are welded solid and the ring is radiographed prior to installation. 3.2 Welding Process

3.2.1 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) shall be used for the root and second pass as a minimum on all stainless steel butt welds. Subsequent passes may be made utilizing the shielded metal arc weld (SMAW) process. 3.2.2 The SMAW process shall not be used on the root pass of any open butt welding. 3.2.3 The SMAW process may be used for the root pass on backing-ring joints providing radiography is not required.

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3.2.4 Back-purging is not required on carbon steel or low alloy (below 2-1/4 percent chrome content) open butt welds. 3.2.5 Stainless steel sockets shall be made with the GTAW Method. It is recommended that fillet/sockets that require LP or MT inspection by code be welded with the GTAW method to avoid pre-inspection machining that may undercut and gouge the adjacent base metal. 3.2.6 The inter pass temperature when welding stainless steel shall not be allowed to exceed 177oC (350oF) in order to minimize the precipitation of carbides at the grain boundaries. 3.2.7 The joint edge preparation may be made by machining, chipping, grinding, or flame cutting or combination of these methods. If gas cutting is employed, the cut shall have a minimum of 1.6-mm (1/16 in.) removed by mechanical means. Flame cutting of austenitic stainless steel pipe shall not be permitted. 3.2.8 Pipe, fittings, and valves shall be properly supported, to minimize stresses in the heated area resulting from thermal expansion and contraction during welding and stress relieving. 3.2.9 Surfaces for welding shall be clean and shall be free from paint, oil, rust, scale, or other material which is detrimental to welding. 3.3 Fit-up and Alignment

3.3.1 In assembly of socket type welds, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1.6-mm (1/16 in.) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket. In sleeve type joints without internal shoulder, there shall be a distance of approximately 3-mm (1/8 in.) between the butting ends of the pipe or tube. 3.3.2 Parts that are to be joined by welding may be fitted, aligned, and retained in position during the welding operation by the use of bars, jacks, clamps, tack welds, or temporary attachments. 3.3.3 Attachments which are welded on the component during the process of installation but which are not incorporated into the final component (such as alignment lugs, straps, tie straps, braces, pre-heat equipment, postweld heat treatment equipment, etc.) are permitted providing the following requirements are met: a) b) c) d) e) f) An approved welding procedure is used. The material is identified and is suitable for welding. The welding material is compatible with the base material. The welder has been qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX. The temporary attachment has been removed after process is complete. The area of removal has been inspected by the LP or MT method.

3.3.4 Alignment shall be preserved during welding. Where ends are to be joined and the internal misalignment exceeds 1.6-mm (1/16 in.) and the written permission
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of MARAFIQ has been obtained to proceed with the misalignment, it is required that the component with the wall extending internally be internally trimmed so that adjoining internal surfaces are approximately flush. However, this trimming shall not result in a piping component that is less than design minimum in wall thickness and the change in contour shall not exceed 30 degree angle. 3.3.5 Tack welds shall be made by a qualified welder and shall be made with an electrode which is the same or equivalent to the electrode being used for the first pass. Cracked tacks shall be removed and the area properly prepared for welding. 3.4 Purging Procedure

3.4.1 All back-purges shall be set up such that the flow of gas from the inlet to the outlet orifice passes across the area to be welded. 3.4.2 All dams or baffles shall be located such that they are not damaged from the heat created from welding. 3.4.3 Water soluble purge dams shall not be located closer than 30 cm (12 in.) from the joint to be welded. Bonding the dam to the pipe surface shall be performed using a minimum coating thickness of adhesive to facilitate drying. 3.4.4 The oxygen content of the gas exiting from the purge vent shall not be greater than 2 percent prior to welding. This shall be measured using an oxygen analyzer. 3.4.5 Purge gas may be introduced by means of a sporting equipment needle which is inserted in the gap between the ends of the consumable insert. In this case the oxygen content will have to be measured from the leakage between the insert and the pipe wall. The oxygen content should be taken off at two different points. 3.4.6 The purge shall be maintained for 2 layers or 9.5 mm (3/8 in.), whichever is less. 3.5 Preheat and Interpass Temperature

3.5.1 The preheat shall be applied and maintained around the circumference of the weld joint to the minimum preheat temperature, but shall not exceed the maximum interpass temperature specified in the welding procedure. The method of heating shall be by induction or resistance methods. Heating with Oxyfuel may be used except on P-8, P-41 through and including P-45, and Carpenter 20 material. 3.5.2 The preheat temperature, on each side of the weld joint, shall be maintained for a distance of 5 times the nominal wall thickness, or 76-mm (3 in.), whichever is less. 3.5.3 Preheat temperature may be checked using the following temperature indicators:
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a.

For temperatures up to 38oC (100oF): 1) Surface pyrometer 2) Non-mercury type thermometer

b. For temperatures over 38oC (100oF): 1) Surface pyrometer 2) Non-mercury type thermometer 3) "Tempilstiks" or an approved equal Note: Tempilstiks shall not be applied to the weld metal or weld zone. 3.5.5 Interpass temperature shall remain in the range given in the welding procedure and shall not exceed the maximum value specified. The interpass temperature shall be checked on the surface of the piping component within 25-mm (1 in.) of the last deposited weld bead using a surface pyrometer, Tempilstik, or attached thermocouple. Interpass temperature shall be checked periodically around the circumference of the pipe. If the temperature of the weld is above the maximum interpass temperature specified, the weld shall be allowed to cool down naturally to below the maximum interpass temperature, but not below the minimum preheat temperature specified, prior to resumption of welding. 3.5.6 Austenitic stainless steel shall be preheated to 10oC (50oF) when the ambient temperature is below 10oC (50oF). The interpass temperature shall not exceed 177oC (350oF). ASME P-1 materials with minimum tensile properties of 4920 kg/cm2 (70,000 psi) or greater shall be preheated to 120C (250F) regardless of ambient temperature. 3.6 Welding Continuity

3.6.1 The welding of a joint should, if practical, be completed without interruption except as outlined herein. If welding is interrupted before completion, or allowed to cool prior to postheat treatment, adequate heat treatment or controlled rate of cooling shall be affected to assure that no detrimental effect to the work shall result. Required preheat shall be resumed before welding is continued. Welding shall not be interrupted until at least 1/3 of the weld groove depth has been deposited. 3.6.2 The start and stop of each weld bead shall be closely examined, and any defects or indication of lack of fusion shall be removed by chipping or grinding. All slag, scale, or weld splatter shall be removed from each bead before the succeeding bead is deposited. Cleaning of weld beads shall be performed by slagging hammer, wire brushing, and grinding. 3.6.3 No peening of welds shall be permitted. 3.6.4 All slag, scale, surface inclusions, or other impurities shall be removed by grinding or wire brushing. On stainless steel welds, only aluminum oxide or silicon carbide grinding wheels with resin or rubber bonding shall be used. Brushing stainless steel weldments shall be done only with stainless steel
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brushes. No carbon steel, lead, zinc, or bronze tools or fixtures shall be used on stainless steel weldments. 3.6.5 Any solvent used for washing austenitic stainless steel shall be free of chlorides. 3.7 Surfaces of Completed Welds

3.7.1 Grinding of completed welds is to be performed only to the extent required for Nondestructive Examination (NDE) and to provide weld reinforcement within the requirements of the applicable code. 3.7.2 Undercut shall not exceed 0.8-mm (1/32 in.) and shall not encroach on the minimum required section thickness. 3.7.3 If the surface of the weld requires grinding, care shall be taken to avoid reducing the weld or base material below the minimum required thickness. 3.7.4 Fillet welds may vary from convex to concave. The size of a fillet weld shall be as detailed in the welding procedure. 3.8 Examination

3.8.1 Visual inspection of welding operations shall be performed and shall include examination of groove details, suspension of the pipe to assure that movement is unrestrained prior to field welding, examination for surface holes, cracks and other defects and reinforcement dimensions after welding. Visual examination of the completed weld shall be performed and necessary repairs made prior to the heat treatment. Visual re-examination of each joint shall be performed after heat treatment. 3.8.2 It is recommended that when radiographic inspection is required, an in-process RT examination be performed after 1/3 or 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) of thickness has been welded, whichever is less. 3.8.3 Non-destructive inspection of welds shall be performed in accordance with ASME Section I PW10 and PW41, or ANSI B31.1 Table 136.4, whichever is applicable. In addition, all circumferential butt welds in 76-mm (3 in.) NPS and larger piping in main steam, boiler feed pump discharge and recirculation, and hot and cold reheat systems shall be radiographed. 3.8.4 Radiographs shall be coded for quick identification. 3.8.5 Additional random radiographic, dye penetrant, or magnetic particle inspection of any welding may be performed at the request of the MARAFIQ. Such inspections shall be in addition to the testing requirements of all applicable codes and standards. 3.8.6 Magnetic particle tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 109.

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3.8.7 Care shall be taken, by use of lead plates clamped in place or by other means, to avoid arcing or burning of the pipe. Any defects caused by arcing shall be removed by grinding. 3.8.8 Where the dye penetrant method is used, liquid dye penetrant shall be chloride free and employed in accordance with ASME E 165. 3.9 Repairs and Defects

3.9.1 All defects as defined by ASTM standards, ASME and/or ANSI as applicable, shall be repaired of replaced in a manner acceptable to MARAFIQ. 3.9.2 No peening, caulking, or filling shall be permitted in repairing cracks, pinholes, or blowholes. Such defects in fabricated steel shall be repaired by chipping out welds to the bottom of the defect and re-welding. 3.9.3 Defects shall be removed by mechanical or thermal gouging process. Thermal gouging shall be preceded by the appropriate preheat of the applicable welding procedure and followed by grinding to sound bright metal. The excavation walls should have sufficient slope (approximately 25 degrees) to facilitate welding. The excavation shall also be smooth and have a round bottom such that all areas are accessible for proper fusion of the weld metal. Thermal gouging shall not be permitted on stainless steels or copper nickel piping. 3.9.4 The excavation shall be examined with at least the same level of inspection required for the completed weld. 3.9.5 Arc strikes shall be avoided on permanent plant equipment. When arc strikes occur, they shall be removed by blending (grinding) and the repair shall be inspected by LP or MT examination. 3.9.6 Nicks, gouges, punch marks, and other similar surface defects can be accepted without repair or Non-destructive Testing (NDT) providing sharp edges are blended smooth and the blended area does not violate the design minimum wall. 3.9.7 Repairs to components (pumps, valves, tanks, etc.) require approval by MARAFIQ prior to performing any repair work on the components. 3.9.8 Chasing defects discovered by radiography shall be performed only after the weldment has been marked to identify the area from the increment numbers on the film. 3.10 Post-Weld Stress Relieving

3.10.1 Stress relieving shall be performed as required by the applicable code (ASME Section I or ANSI B31.1) and as qualified by the Welding procedure. 3.10.2 The general instructions to be followed will be as written in Contractor's procedure for post-weld heat treatment which shall be submitted to MARAFIQ for approval prior to starting any post-weld stress relieving.

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3.10.3 Heat treatment may be accomplished by a suitable heating method which will provide conformance to the required heating and cooling rates, the required metal temperature, metal temperature uniformity, and temperature control. 3.10.4 The chart recording the temperatures shall be either round for 24-hour operation or a strip chart with a maximum speed of 50-mm (2 in.) per hour. In either case, black ink shall be used so that the record is clear and the charts can be reproduced. 3.10.5 During local stress relieving operation, the pipe shall be insulated on the outside for a distance of four pipe diameters on each side of the heated zone. 3.10.6 Heating shall be gradual and uniform around the section to minimize thermal stresses. 3.10.7 The area to be stress relieved shall consist of a circumferential band centered on the weld, the minimum width of which shall be 50 mm (2-in.) on both sides of the weld plus the width of the weld. 3.10.8 Thermocouples and a recording potentiometer shall be used in making temperature records. Pipe 65 to 150-mm (2-1/2 to 6 in.) diameter in size shall have a minimum of two thermocouples attached to it by welding or by mechanical means, one at each boundary of the zone to be heated. Pipe 200 mm (8 in.) and larger in diameter shall have a minimum of four thermocouples attached, located 180 degrees from each other. For pipe in the horizontal position, the thermocouples shall be on the top and bottom of the run. 3.10.9 When removing thermocouples which have been welded to the pipe, care shall be exercised not to undercut the pipe wall.

4.0 4.1

COLD BENDING Cold bending of any nature for pipe sizes larger than 50-mm (2 in.) nominal pipe size requires prior acceptance by MARAFIQ. Butt welds shall not be lubricated on the curved portion of the bend. 50-mm (2 in.) and smaller pipe size may be cold bend as deemed necessary by Contractor. Contractor shall submit his procedure for cold bending to MARAFIQ for acceptance. Minimum pipe bend radii, measured from center of curvature to center of the pipe cross-sectional area shall be five diameters. The requirements of ASME Section I and/or ANSI B31.0 with respect to bending allowances and buckling shall apply. COLD SPRINGING On all piping systems requiring cold springing of the piping, Contractor shall complete all work to the point of the final weld indicated on the drawings. All hangers shall then be adjusted to the cold pull position as indicated on the
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4.2.

4.3

4.4.

5.0 5.1

drawings, and the offset and gap of the final joint shall be accurately measured and submitted to MARAFIQ for approval prior to closing the gap. The submittal shall include all the calculations, Sketches/Drawings used by Contractor in determining the dimensions of the cold spring to be accomplished and the forces necessary. 5.2 After approval of the gap dimension of rework to achieve the specified gap, Contractor shall adjust and thoroughly check all rigid restraints in the system which are to resist the gap closure forces. Tackle employing calibrated dynamo meters shall be employed to impose the specified vertical and horizontal forces to close the gap, and should the gap close with less than the specified force or not close completely at the specified load, Contractor shall rework the pipe spool as required to achieve the necessary conditions. All cold springing shall be performed in the presence of MARAFIQ. Since cold springing is achieved through a system of cantilevered forces, the possibility of imposing forces of excessive magnitude on rigid restraints and equipment connections must be recognized. Therefore, Contractor shall exercise caution in measurement of pipe and equipment nozzle locations and final gap clearances in order that accurate gap closure forces may be determined. The final weld on cold sprung piping shall require the use of pipe alignment clamps and retaining the closing force tackle in its final position at the time of gap closure to assure that spring forces are retained in the system. After completion of the final weld, the hangers shall be readjusted to the cold design position. TESTING All systems shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with the applicable sections of ANSI B31.1 and the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, as appropriate, based on design pressures given in the latest issue of the Pipe Line List. During pipe system hydrostatic tests, large safety valves shall be gagged. Small safety and relief valves shall be temporarily removed and replaced by plugs, caps, or blind flanges. Provision shall be made to limit the maximum pressure applied during hydrostatic tests. Increasing the spring compression of safety valves will not be permitted. The test pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient length of time to permit inspection of all joints and connections. Appropriate and satisfactory repairs and/or replacements shall be made of all defects including those exposed by the hydrostatic test, after which that portion of the system containing the defect shall then be hydrostatically retested. The piping systems shall be adequately supported with either temporary or permanent hangers to support the dead and hydro load of the system. All welded attachments shall be installed and inspected prior to the hydrostatic or pneumatic test.
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5.3

5.4

6.0 6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

Contractor shall check hangers during the system tests to assure that they are accepting the loads for which they were designed. Prior to performing hydrostatic tests to materials other than stainless steels, the possibility of brittle fracture shall be considered and appropriate precautions provided. The test pressure shall be applied until the system and the pressurizing medium are approximately at the same temperature. Any piping under test exposed to direct sun shall be protected against over pressure. Contractor shall make arrangements by installing temporary relief valves as necessary. EXPANSION JOINTS Corrugated metal expansion joints shall be shipped with factory set sizing bars to maintain the installed position of the joints. Joints shall be erected by Contractor and welded or bolted in position prior to removing the tie bars. The connecting piping or equipment shall be properly aligned and spaced for installation of the joint, and after expansion joint installation, the connecting piping shall be anchored and guided, with permanent supports in place, to prevent distortion of the joint during completion of remaining work on the system. Joints which have not been furnished with insulation covers shall be fitted by the Contractor with temporary sheet metal covers for protection of the bellows. Temporary covers shall be affixed to provide a minimum clearance of 25 mm (1 in.) beyond the outside of the bellows to prevent arcing to the bellows, if accidentally struck by a welding electrode. Only after complete erection of the piping system, including adjustment of hangers, installation of anchors and guides, and hydrostatic testing, shall the sizing or tie bars to removed. Covers, temporary or permanent, shall be removed until all welding and burning in the area of the joints has been fully completed. VALVE CHECKOUT AND INSTALLATION Valves shall be thoroughly inspected, internally cleaned, and identified prior to erection. Suitable valve operation and hand wheel orientation shall likewise be confirmed, and all components shall be checked for installed clearances and suitability for operation. Flange faces, weld end preparation, and body material shall be checked to assure proper alignment, bolting, and welding. Valves, other than check valves, shall be one-half opened prior to welding and stress relieving. After erection, or as necessary for hydrostatic testing, valve packings shall be adjusted or replaced, bonnet bolting checked, and operators lubricated and protected against freezing, rusting or other damage.

6.7

6.8

6.9

7.0 7.1

7.2

7.3

8.0 8.1

8.2.

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8.3

Valves such as Saunders type diaphragm valves, which contain materials subject to damage by heat or stressing during normal erection, welding and testing, shall be disassembled and those materials shall be removed, tagged, and stored until proper time so as to preclude possible damage and reinserted in the valve body after the heating or stressing operation. Valves shall be properly tagged and numbered. HANGERS Erection of Hangers

8.4 9.0 9.1

9.1.1 To minimize risk of personnel injury or equipment damage, all piping shall be erected in its permanent hangers whenever practical. Any temporary hangers installed shall be adequate to support the installation including the hydrostatic test loads if the hangers remain for the test. 9.1.2 Attachment of all supplementary steel to the building steel shall conform to the applicable regulations of the AICS and AWS standards, and in no instance shall the attachment reduce the structural capacity of the building steel or impose excessive torsional moments on the member. Whenever practical, all torsional moments shall be avoided. 9.1.3 No temporary attachments to the building steel for rigging of hangers, hanger steel, or piping will be permitted if the attachments impose torsional moments on beams or bending moments on columns. 9.1.4 Hanger attachments shall be accurately located with relation to building column center lines, equipment locations, and the necessary hanger offset indicated on the detail drawing when applicable. In all instances where equipment location or attachment steel deviates from the design dimensions, the Contractor shall notify the MARAFIQ and take all necessary measurements to determine the proper attachment location. Attachments for sliding supports, anchor bases, and floor stands shall be accurately shimmed and leveled to a true plane surface. Where attachments are anchored to masonry floors or walls, the attachment plate shall be firmly grouted, within 3 to 25-mm (1/8 to 12 in.) tolerance. (i.e., 3-mm (1/8 in.) vertical maximum deviation in 25-mm (12 in.) horizontal lengths). 9.1.5 No hangers shall be cinch anchored to vertical masonry surfaces where forces other than shear or compression would be applied to the cinch anchors, nor will cinch anchors be permitted under any circumstances on the underside of masonry structures. Contractor shall cast anchor bolts, inserts, plates, or similar devices for hanger attachments in masonry when necessary or shall core drill the masonry through bolts when attachments will impose tension forces on the masonry. 9.1.6 After erection of a system of hangers, Contractor shall adjust all supports to the design elevation of the supports in the cold position indicated on the drawings after making any necessary corrections for deviation of supporting steel and equipment connections from design elevations. All constant and variable spring supports shall be securely blocked out with factory supplied
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travel stops, and all attachment welding and supplementary steel connections shall be inspected for completion and adequacy prior to rigging piping into the hangers. 9.17 After erection of a piping system and prior to cold springing (if required), hydrostatic testing, or flushing, the Contractor shall inspect all hangers for design offset, adequacy of clearance for piping and supports in the hot and cold position, freedom of rods to swing and guides to permit movement without binding, and adequacy of all anchors. All threaded components shall be carefully inspected to assure full thread locking devices where required. Rigid supports of the trapeze type shall be thoroughly inspected to determine that the total load is equally distributed between the rods. Deflection of support steel, as designated by Contractor, shall be measured and recorded prior to cold springing or filling any piping system with water. 9.1.8 All attachments for piping subject to thermal movement shall provide for free swiveling or sliding of the support in the direction of the piping movements. Supports for piping operating at elevated temperatures shall be designed to prevent transmission of excessive heat to the supporting member. 9.1.9 The supports shall be placed to permit proper drainage of the pipe in the hot operating condition by limiting the sag and to avoid excessive bending stresses due to weight of the valves, risers, or other load concentrations acting between the supports. Provision shall be made for proper support of piping which may be disconnected during maintenance work. 9.1.10 Rigid hangers shall be used where flexibility is not necessary or desirable. Means shall be provided to permit vertical adjustment to hangers after erection and to assure locating pipe runs in the final position as shown on drawings. 9.1.11 Double nuts or locknuts shall be used on hanger rods and bolts in all cases. 9.2 Hangers For 50 mm (2 in.) and Smaller Piping

9.2.1 As a minimum, all design and construction will be in accordance with the applicable ASME or ANSI code. 9.2.2 Accurate weight balance and stress calculations shall be made by Contractor to determine the deflection and required supporting force of each hanger or load imposed on the piping systems. 9.2.3 The supports shall be spaced to permit proper drainage of the pipe in the hot operating condition by limiting the sag and to avoid excessive bending stresses due to weight of the valves, risers, or other load concentrations acting between the supports. Provision shall be made for proper support of piping which may be disconnected during maintenance work. Pipe suspension shall be such as to prevent excessive stress resulting from transfer of load from support due to movement of pipe.

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9.2.4 For piping where design temperature is 177oC (350oF) and over, hangers shall be spaced in accordance with ANSI B31.1. Spacing of hangers for other piping may be greater than listed by the above code, provided that: a) b) The sag of the pipe between supports will not prevent drainage of the system: or, No excessive bending or shear stresses result from the pipe weight or concentrated loads between supports.

9.2.5 All elements of supporting equipment and vibration control equipment shall be based on the allowable stresses shown in the ANSI code for pressure piping. Working unit stresses shall be modified as required by temperature conditions. Hangers shall be proportioned to minimize transmission of heat to the main structure of the plant. All lines which are acoustically isolated shall be provided with specially designed hangers, which shall acoustically isolate the piping system from the supporting steel or concrete. 9.2.6 Vertical and horizontal piping shall be supported at locations of least vertical movement, if practical. 9.2.7 Pipe hangers shall be capable of supporting the pipe in all conditions of operation. They shall allow free expansion and contraction of the piping, and shall prevent excessive stress resulting from transferred weight being induced into the pipe or connected equipment. 10.0 10.1 PLUMBING General

10.1.1 It is anticipated that Contractor's drawings may only indicate the general arrangement of the utilities, that the locations of lines are approximate only, and the exact locations shall be determined in the field by Contractor. However, in the event it should become necessary to make major changes to the location of any work, Contractor shall secure acceptance from MARAFIQ before making the changes. Under no circumstances shall the sizes indicated on the drawings be changed without securing written approval of MARAFIQ. Plumbing systems not fully dimensioned on drawings are to be reviewed by Contractor for proper routing. 10.1.2 The work included in this section of the Exhibit shall consist generally of, but is not limited to, the following major systems or categories of work: a) b) c) d) e) f) Sanitary drainage and vent piping. Domestic hot and cold water piping (Potable water). Cleaning, adjusting and testing all plumbing systems. Installing plumbing fixtures. Floor and area drains. Storm drainage.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

10.1.3 No plumbing fixture, device, or piping shall be installed that will provide a cross connection or interconnection between a distribution supply system for potable water and drainage system or a soil or waste water piping system in such manner so as to allow possibility of backflow of sewage, polluted water, or waste water into potable water supply system. 10.2 Installation

10.2.1 In addition to performing work in accordance with the Main Specification and contract documents, all plumbing work shall be in accordance with applicable local plumbing codes. 10.2.2 Cast iron soil pipe bell and spigot joint shall be caulked with oakum and lead. Lead shall be molten, 340-mg (12 oz) minimum placed per 25-mm (1 in.) diameter of the pipe. 10.2.3 Brazed joints for copper tubing pipe or brass pipe shall be made with Handy and Harmon, "Sil-Fos," silver solder or approved equal, and by oxyacetylene or mapp-gas flame. Brazing temperature shall be 705oC (1300oF) and care shall be taken to see that the pipe is not overheated to the extent that the material will be annealed. 10.2.4 All joints between copper and dissimilar metals shall be made with a dielectric connection. 10.2.5 Contractor shall adhere to the following general specifications for the installation of drainage piping. 10.2.5.1 All horizontal piping shall be pitched not less than 10 mm per meter (1/8 in. per ft), unless otherwise stated on the drawings. Changes in direction of piping shall be made with long radius fittings, unless otherwise stated on the drawings. All floor drains shall be set below the normal finished floor, with a gradual floor pitch extending upwards away from the drain. Clamping collars shall be supplied with drains where flashing is required or waterproofing is penetrated. All pipes and drains penetrating the building below ground level shall be made watertight with a mastic sealing compound. The following applies to the installation of domestic water piping: All domestic water piping shall be run concealed wherever possible unless otherwise shown on the drawings. The water supply mains from the meter and all branches shall be of adequate size to supply all fixtures requiring water without excessive pressure drop. Under no circumstances shall the pipe size indicated on the drawings be reduced without the written consent of MARAFIQ.

10.2.5.2

10.2.5.3

10.2.5.4

10.2.5.5

10.2.6 10.2.6.1

P.O. Number : 7200018725

10.2.6.2

Drain tees with capped nipples of IPS copper or brass 76-mm (3 in.) long shall be installed at all low points. If a low point occurs in concealed piping, an approved flush access panel shall be provided. All water lines shall be sloped down to drain points not less than 21-mm per meter (1 in. to 4 ft). Wherever screwed piping is installed it shall have clean-out tapered threads with ends thoroughly reamed after cutting to remove all burrs. Pipe joint cement will be permitted only on external threads. All screwed nipples for connections to flush valves, lavatory supplies, and other equipment with threaded connections shall be iron pipe size copper or brass pipe unless specified otherwise. Gate valves shall be installed where indicated on the drawings or where required to adequately service all parts of the system and equipment. Valves shall be installed on the inlet and also outlet connections of heat exchangers and on all other equipment connected to water lines. Unions shall be installed between valves and connections to each piece of equipment, and a sufficient number of unions shall be installed throughout the piping system to facilitate installation and servicing of said piping. All plumbing fixtures and all equipment shall be so constructed and/or equipped with anti-siphon devices as to entirely eliminate any danger of siphoning waste material into the potable water supply system. Any fixtures and/or equipment not so arranged will be rejected. Where uncovered and covered exposed pipes 150-mm (6 in.) in size and smaller pass through floors, finished walls, or finished ceilings they shall be fitted with plates. The plates shall be large enough to completely close the hole around the pipes. Plates shall be secured to pipe by set screw in an approved manner. All piping shall be installed so as to be free to expand with proper loops, anchors and joints without injury to the system or the structure. All branches to wall hydrants or hose bibs in exterior locations shall be provided with interior shutoff and drain valves. Approved type vacuum breaker installations shall be provided, as a minimum as required by the Code. Contractor shall install shock absorbers on all hot and cold water lines adjacent to each battery of fixtures or other equipment having valves or faucets that may cause water hammer. The shock absorbers shall be of the size as recommended by the manufacturer for the length of pipe served thereby. Cleanout openings shall be provided on all downspouts, waste and drain lines as indicated on the Drawings and as required by Code.
P.O. Number : 7200018725

10.2.6.3

10.2.6.4

10.2.6.5

10.2.6.6

10.2.6.7

10.2.6.8

10.2.6.9

10.2.6.10

10.2.6.11

10.2.6.12

10.2.7

Cleanouts shall be of the same size as the pipe up to 100-mm (4 in.), and not less than 100-mm (4 in.) for larger pipes. Access openings for concealed cleanouts shall be closed with flush floor or flush wall cover plates, or flush ceiling access panels, to provide a neat appearance. Floor plates shall have polished brass cover with flanged ring. Screws shall match the cover plate material. 10.2.8 Fixtures shall be installed as shown on drawings in a first class manner with proper connections to the water, drainage, and vent systems.

10.2.9 Immediately after fixtures are set, they shall be covered with manila paper taped on, which shall not be removed until completion of the work. In addition, Contractor shall furnish and install such guards or boxing as may be required to protect fixtures against damage from the operations of other trades. Generally all fixtures except water closets shall have the water supply above the rim. Fixtures with the supply discharge below the rim shall be equipped with backflow preventures. Exposed traps and supply pipes for all fixtures and equipment shall be connected to the rough piping systems at the wall, unless otherwise specified. 10.3 Protection and Cleaning

10.3.1 Every precaution shall be taken to prevent foreign material from entering the piping while it is being installed. No debris, tools, clothing, or other materials shall be placed in the pipe. Whenever the pipe laying is stopped, the open end of the line shall be sealed. All water that may have entered the trench shall be removed prior to removing the plug. It is essential that no mud, trench water, or other foreign matter be permitted to enter the trench and shall be removed prior to removing the plug. 10.3.2 At the completion of the work and prior to final acceptance, all parts of the work installed under this specification shall be thoroughly cleaned. All equipment, fixtures, pipe, valves, and fittings shall be cleaned of grease, metal cuttings, and sludge which may have accumulated. 10.4 Tests

10.4.1 Before final MARAFIQ acceptance of the plumbing and drainage work completed by Contractor, all piping and equipment shall be tested by Contractor. 10.4.2 Water test shall be applied to the drainage system either in its entirety or in sections. If the entire system is tested all openings in the pipes shall be tightly closed except the highest opening, and the system shall be filled with water to the point of overflow. If the system is tested in sections, each opening except the highest opening of the section under test shall be tightly plugged, and each section shall be filled with water and tested with at least 3-meter (10-ft) head of water. In testing successive sections, at least the upper 3 meters (10 ft) of the next preceding section shall be tested so that each joint or pipe in the building has been submitted to a test of at least a 3-meter (10-ft) head of water. The water
P.O. Number : 7200018725

shall be kept in the system, or in the portions under test, for at least 15 minutes before the inspection starts. The system shall then be tight at all joints. 10.4.3 If tests are made with air, a pressure of not less than 0.35-kg/cm2 (5-lb per in2) shall be applied and maintained at least 15 minutes without deterioration. 10.4.4 For testing of water systems designed for normal operating positive pressure, hydrostatic testing, shall be performed 1.5 times the maximum operating pressure. 10.5 Sterilization of Potable Water System

10.5.1 Prior to final acceptance the entire potable water systems shall be thoroughly flushed. After flushing, chlorine or chlorine compound shall be introduced into the system. The dosage shall be sufficient to give an initial residual chlorine content of 50 ppm. Samples shall be collected from various taps and fixtures throughout the buildings during the introduction of the chlorine to assure uniform distribution. After a 24-hour contact period, all traces of the heavily chlorinated water shall be flushed from the systems. The sterilization and tests run to determine the effectiveness there of shall be witnessed by MARAFIQ. 10.5.2 After flushing is complete, Contractor shall provide evidence of the effectiveness of the disinfection by filing with MARAFIQ laboratory reports and bacteriological tests from samples taken from the system. The number and the locations of taking samples shall be as specified by MARAFIQ. Should other than satisfactory results be obtained, the above disinfection process shall be repeated until satisfactory results are obtained. The system shall not be put into service until satisfactory tests are obtained and accepted by MARAFIQ.

P.O. Number : 7200018725